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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Establishing a health outcomes and economics center in radiology: strategies and resources required.

PURPOSE: To describe the resources and strategies required to establish a health outcomes and economics center in radiology. METHODS: Human and nonhuman resources required to perform sound outcomes and economics studies in radiology are reviewed. RESULTS: Human resources needed include skilled medical and nonmedical staff. Nonhuman resources required are: (1). communication and information network; (2). education tools and training programs; (3). budgetary strategies; and (4). sources of income. Effective utilization of these resources allows the performance of robust operational and clinical research projects in decision analysis, cost-effectiveness, diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves), and clinical analytical and experimental studies. CONCLUSION: As new radiologic technology and techniques are introduced in medicine, society is increasingly demanding sound clinical studies that will determine the impact of radiologic studies on patient outcome. Health-care funding is scarce, and therefore third-party payers and hospitals are demanding more efficiency and productivity from radiologic service providers. To meet these challenges, radiology departments could establish health outcomes and economics centers to study the clinical effectiveness of imaging and its impact on patient outcome.

Budgets↗
PubMed1990

Oral radiology. An expanding technology in search of a direction.

Oral radiology still seems to be expanding depending upon increasing availability of dental care. It is widely used more or less routinely, although investigations on efficacy, cost-benefit, and cost-effectiveness are sparse. Such studies should be encouraged and decision-making courses included in dental curricula. Decision-making aids and clinical algorithms should be developed to increase efficiency of oral radiology and to help in the abandonment of its routine use.

Dental Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supportive leadership via rapport.

As the health care system is staffed by more and more professionals, the need for more supportive type leadership based on referent power will increase. In order to achieve the goals of the organization, leaders must begin to rely on their ability to communicate "themselves" to others, rather than on their coercive or legitimate power. Rapport (through empathy, respect, and warmth) is suggested as a means of influencing the attitudes of others and developing supportive leadership capabilities. The ever increasing professionalization of radiologic technology will necessitate more supportive type leadership both in the work place and within professional organizations.

Authoritarianism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progress in image processing technology related to radiological sciences: a five-year review.

The past five years of progress in image processing technology related to radiography applications is reviewed. The following topics are included: image acquisition (computed radiography, X-ray film digitizer); 512, 1024 and 2048 image processor technology; image compression (block quantitation, full-frame bit allocation); image storage (real-time magnetic disk, optical disk); image workstation (input station, display station, diagnostic workstation); and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). It is anticipated that the growth in this field will continue for many years to come.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2006

Three-dimensional reconstruction of registered and fused Chinese Visible Human and patient MRI images.

Radiological images are commonly used as important tools in medical diagnoses and treatment. Different modalities of medical images provide uniquely different content. Hence, it is natural and desirable to combine different image modalities to obtain additional new information to enhance clinical assessment. However, given the current technology, radiological images are not always sufficiently informative to permit diagnosis and treatment. In order to address this problem, we fused selected portions of the Chinese Visible Human (CVH) dataset with MRI images from a patient. Specifically, we segmented the caudate nucleus, the lentiform nucleus, and the thalamus in the CVH dataset and then registered and fused this dataset with corresponding MRI images using both rigid and nonrigid registration techniques. After rigid and nonrigid registration, the CVH and MRI images largely coincided with each other. The shape, relationship, and position of focal areas and neural structures were clearly displayed. Using volume and surface rendering, these images were three-dimensionally reconstructed to display the neural structures of interest within the brain. These structures can be rotated at will and observed from different angles. Our research indicates that the fusion of CVH and patients' MRI images can enhance the amount of neural information available to physicians and lay a foundation for the clinical use of the CVH dataset.

Asian People↗
PubMed2002

Capabilities of computerized clinical decision support systems: the implications for the practicing dental professional.

This article presents the use of captured data within the range of patient care activities of the dental practitioner with an emphasis on prosthodontic activities. It describes the use of computer technology in dentistry during a typical patient encounter in a dental care facility. The oral health record, the need for speech recognition technology, and existing documentation software are discussed. Ongoing development of the capabilities of Clinical Decision Support (CDS) systems is becoming an important part of the oral health setting; including systems applicable to prosthodontics. These systems all rely on a common standardized structure for the electronic (oral) health record (EHR/EOHR). Current developments in radiological technology and digital imaging are explained as well as fundamentals of decision support systems clarified. Recent developments in the representation of domain knowledge as well as the implementation of a dental nomenclature and metathesaurus are also presented. A quality matrix identifies target values for dental informatics while demonstrating an "importance-weighting" of dental characteristics.

Bayes Theorem↗
PubMed1983

The effect of clinical education programs on hospital production.

Because of rising hospital costs and the reluctance of third-party payers to reimburse for clinical training, major questions have been raised about the costs and benefits of these programs. The effect of student programs on production has, nonetheless, been largely neglected, in part because of the difficulty of measuring the effectiveness of these programs. To address this deficiency, multiple regression analysis was used to determine the impact of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and radiologic technology students on production in a large hospital in a metropolitan area. The impact of students on departmental output in all three areas was found to be positive.

Clinical Clerkship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Emergencies in colorectal surgery: diagnostic imaging].

In this paper we discuss the actual role of imaging in surgical management of urgency in colon-rectal pathology. We have considered four different kinds of pathologic: obstruction; occlusion; inflammatory and infections pathology; vascular pathology: In the first group an accurate radiologic evaluation in different decubitus is necessary. In negative or doubt cases, but with clinic highly suggestive for the presence of pathology, a CT examination is mandatory. In the second group, an accurate preliminary radiologic evaluation with plain radiographs of the abdomen is also necessary. With the use of contrast agents, it is possible to assess the level and the possible cause of the occlusion; at least, in some cases, (e.g. volvulus) a CT examination can be useful. The third group is concerning about inflammatory and infectious pathology: in these cases new radiologic technologies, like US and CT, play a significant role in their detection, evaluation of extension, assessment of complications. Especially in acute diverticulitis and acute appendicitis, the diagnosis is based essentially on clinical examination; and endoscopic confirmation is not possible in most cases. In all these cases, the radiologist can give to the surgeon an accurate evaluation of the pathology, with US or CT. The last group is about vascular pathology: at the moment angiography plays a secondary role in diagnosis, the use of endoscopy being more and more frequent; nevertheless, interventional radiologic procedures are successful in a lot of cases, thanks to their accuracy, low invasiveness and low percentage of complications.

Appendicitis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiography student perceptions of clinical stressors.

CONTEXT: Technological change and the increasingly rapid pace of life in the United States and globally have contributed to increased levels of stress and burnout experienced by workers and their families. Although studies are available on the levels of workplace stress and burnout affecting radiographers, little to no research has been conducted to assess the stressors encountered by radiography students in the clinical environment. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to pinpoint the primary sources of stress for radiography students and to determine the most effective measures to alleviate the stress that students experience in the clinical environment. It also sought to identify the clinical activities and practices that enhance learning. METHODS: A convenience sample of radiography students attending an Association of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology meeting was surveyed. Students were asked to rank their greatest stressors in the clinical environment, the most desired qualities in a clinical instructor and clinical environment, and the clinical practices and activities that best enhance their learning. Descriptive statistics were used to report the results. RESULTS: Data were collected for 82 first-year and second-year students. Students identified 7 primary clinical stressors: fear of making a mistake/repeat, feeling unprepared/inexperienced, intimidation by staff and by instructors, difficult/critical patients, hurtful criticism, too much supervision and negative responses to questions/requests for help. Students indicated that more frequent feedback, availability of the clinical instructor and other staff, assurance that mistakes happen and the opportunity to make mistakes were clinical practices that eased stress. The majority of students cited hands-on learning and repetition as the clinical activities that most reinforced their learning. Summary Radiography students in this survey experience some of the same clinical stressors as radiographers and other allied health workers, although the source of stress may be different. Factors that promote an optimum clinical learning environment for students include instructor availability, opportunities to practice skills and make mistakes, frequent performance feedback and assurance that mistakes happen.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗