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The decision whether to use monitor watchers is not a simple one. Although a majority of respondents in a recent survey indicated that their units employed monitor watchers, debate on their use continues. The AHA provides support through the establishment of practice guidelines for ECG monitoring. Regardless of the debate, the overall goal in any system--employing monitor watchers or not--is to obtain desired patient outcomes.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the new features of the Nucleus Research Platform 8 (RP8), a system developed specifically for research purposes The RP8 consists of a research implant, a speech processor and a new NRT software (NRT v4), and includes comparisons of the different artefact-cancellation methods, NRT threshold, and recovery function measurements. The system has new artefact-suppression techniques and new diagnostic capabilities; their performance has been verified in animal experiments. In this study, NRT data were collected from 15 postlingually deafened adult cochlear implant patients intraoperatively and up to 6 months postoperatively after switch-on. The initial investigation in two clinics in Europe focused primarily on the enhanced NRT capabilities Results from the trial in two European clinics indicate that NRT measurements can be obtained with lower noise levels. A comparison of the different artefact-cancellation techniques showed that the forward-masking paradigm implemented in the Nucleus 3 system is still the method of choice. The focus of this report is on recovery function characteristics, which may give insight into auditory nerve fiber properties with regard to higher stimulation rates.
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A telemetric method has been designed for continuous measurement of intra-arterial aortic blood pressure in the unrestrained dog. The system used a Konigsberg P7 transducer, a temperature-compensated voltage-controlled oscillator, an FM transmitter, and an FM tuner to convert the signal received into a voltage proportional to aortic blood pressure. The method was validated by comparison with a standard direct method (using cables for transmission). Over a wide range of blood pressure obtained by hypotensive and hypertensive drugs (in total about 2500 data points, ranging from 40 to 200 mmHg), the telemetric method gave almost the same result as the direct method. Absolute error (telemetric measure minus standard measure) was normally distributed, with a mean value of -0.44 mmHg, and a standard deviation of 3.37 mmHg. The telemetric method was designed for future studies on the chronobiology of blood pressure in normal condition, in stress conditions and under drugs.
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A new telemetric system was used to determine, simultaneously, plaque pH and salivary fluoride when sucrose-containing fluoride tablets of 0.25 mg and 1.0 mg NaF were dissolved in the oral cavity. Dissolution of 1.0 mg fluoride tablets on the dorsum of the tongue produced transient interproximal plaque acidification not lower than pH 5.2 combined with an increased salivary F-level between 0.19 and 19 ppm for up to 1 hr at the entrance of the interproximal space. Interference of plaque glycolysis by F was evident when rinsings with 250 ppm F as NaF combined with 10% sucrose resulted in pH levels 1/2-1 unit higher than with 10 percent sucrose alone. The use of sucrose as a vehicle in fluoride tablets is discussed.
A radiotelemetry system for measurement of deep body temperature in unrestrained farm animals is presented. Because the main attention is set on the small ultradian temperature rhythms, a system with high sensitivity (0.05 degrees C) and little transmission-interferences (high field intensity of the transmitter) was developed. Circuit diagrams of the implantable thermoprobe and the basic principles of the recording unit are pointed out. Management of measurements as well as recording of data is software-controlled by a microcomputer. Further computerized processing presupposes that there is no incorrect data. Therefore the complete elimination of interferences is carried out automatically by a computer. The algorithm used for this is described in detail.
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A multichannel biotelemetry system using pulse-width modulation-frequency modulation (PWM-FM) is described in detail for laboratory construction. Its application in a kinematic gait-analysis system is demonstrated, employing minimally encumbering electrogoniometry and foot-contact switches. The triaxial electrogoniometers sense rotational joint motion, and four foot-switches under the sole of each foot provide information on placement and temporal contact. Signals from the multiple sensors are amplified, encoded by pulse-width modulation, and transmitted at an FM radio frequency of 107 MHz. Received data are decoded and then sampled by a minicomputer for analysis. Results from a comparative study of kinematic gait in five normal subjects and five children with cerebral palsy demonstrate system effectiveness in providing quantitative data and various intrasubject and intersubject gait differences. Factors reviewed in the analysis include swing and stance times; cadence; hip-joint motion in sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes; and sequence of foot placement.
Radiotelemetric and biochemical investigations were carried out with a total of 40 freshly calved cows, divided into two groups in dependence on the form of the T wave of ECG. It was found that the biphase T wave spoke of the individual capacity of the body; it was retained only during the first months of the lactation period, and later on changed into a negative T wave. The configuration of the T wave was not essentially affected by the blood serum levels of total protein, blood sugar, LDH, AcAT, AlAT, Ca, P, and Mg. In the study of the alkaline-acid state dependable differences were established with the gas exchange of oxygen as measured by the indices pO2, SAT, and O2CT which were shown to be higher in cows with a biphase T wave. The registration of a positive branch of the biphase T wave was associated with the enhancement of excitation of the right chamber and the registration of its vector. In normal conditions the latter was not demonstrated by the dominating biopotentials of the left chamber.