SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Tooth”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

[Tooth transplantation: an extra dimension in orthodontics].

In the first part of the presentation, the content of orthodontics has been briefly explained by means of some clinical cases. The main part of the presentation consisted of discussing patient treatment by means of autogenous tooth transplantation with special emphasis on its indications and contra-indications. When a tooth transplantation is carried out properly, a success percentage of 90%, even forty years after treatment, can be expected. This high percentage has been reported in a recent study. The success of tooth transplantation is mainly due to the timing of the transplantation and the non-traumatic handling during surgery. According to the literature, the ideal moment for tooth transplantation is when half to three quarters of the root has been formed. One of the indications for tooth transplantation is the transplantation of a tooth in the cleft of a cleft palate patient. Two cleft palate patients have been presented in which tooth transplantation was carried out after bone grafting in the alveolar cleft. Finally some findings of a recent study, carried out at our department, dealing with cryopreservation of teeth before transplantation, has been presented. According to the findings of this study, cryopreservation, after removal of the pulp tissue does not inhibit the normal ingrowth of new pulp tissue after transplantation.

Bone Transplantation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Incisal tooth wear and self-reported TMD pain in children and adolescents.

PURPOSE: Incisal tooth wear may be a sign of long-term bruxing behavior. Bruxism is purported to be a risk factor for temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this population-based cross-sectional study was to determine if anterior tooth wear is associated with the self-report of TMD pain in children and adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a population sample of 1,011 children and adolescents (mean age 13.1 years, range 10 to 18 years; female 52%; response rate 85%), TMD cases were defined as subjects reporting pain in the face, jaw muscles, and temporomandibular joint during the last month according to RDC/TMD. All other subjects were considered controls. Incisal tooth wear was assessed in the clinical examination using a 0 to 2 scale (no wear, enamel wear, dentin wear) for every anterior permanent tooth. The mean wear score for the individuals was categorized into 0, 0.01 to 0.20, 0.21 to 0.40, and 0.41+. A multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for the effects of age and gender, analyzed the association between the categorized summary wear score and TMD. Specifically, the hypothesis of a trend between higher tooth wear scores and higher risk of TMD was tested. RESULTS: An odds ratio of 1.1 indicated, after adjusting for gender and age, no statistically significantly higher risk of TMD pain with higher tooth wear scores. CONCLUSION: Incisal tooth wear was not associated with self-reported TMD pain in 10- to 18-year-old subjects.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Postoperative bleeding after tooth extractions in patients controlled with warfarin--a clinico-statistical study on the factors influencing postoperative bleeding].

There are many reports about tooth extractions of patients taking warfarin, however PT-INR level is used to examine the postoperative bleeding in patients. To investigate other factors, postoperative bleeding, age, gender, PT-INR level, combined use of anti-platelet drugs, conditions of extracted tooth, a number of tooth extractions at a treatment, methods of management for warfarin therapy, degree of the alveolar bone loss and size of radiolucency of apical region were examined in this study. To apply Mann-Whitney U-test and chi2-test, ninety-three patients (38 male and 55 female) who took warfarin and visited our clinic for tooth extractions from April 1994 to November 2002 were classified into 2 groups: One group showed hemostasis by the next day (77 patients), the other showed the continuous bleeding after the next day (16 patients). These analyses indicated that PT-INR level, a number of tooth extractions at a treatment, methods of management for warfarin therapy, and size of radiolucency of apical region influenced postoperative bleeding. In addition, stepwise logistic regression analysis was applied to all of the factors, obtained from 77 patients out of 93 patients. This data showed that PT-INR level, a number of tooth extractions at a treatment and methods of management for warfarin therapy influenced postoperative bleeding. These results suggest that before the tooth extractions not only PT-INR level but methods of management for warfarin therapy and size of wound could be important to control the postoperative bleeding in warfarin taking patients.

Female↗

PubMed2004

New laboratory methods to study tooth surface coverage and interproximal plaque control by dentifrice products.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and test an in vitro tooth model for use in conjunction with laboratory methods to study interproximal effects and efficacy of dentifrices. The application of the model should offer visual evaluation of dentifrice coverage of the tooth surface, and measure dental plaque control at posterior interdental spaces with a dentifrice. METHODOLOGY: The dentifrice products tested with the model were: Colgate Total 2 in 1 Toothpaste and Mouthwash (CTTM), Colgate Total dentifrice (CTD), and Colgate Regular dentifrice (CRD). Extracted human posterior teeth were disinfected, cleaned, aligned, and mounted in denture acrylic. In the area coverage method, tooth surface coverage and penetration of two different forms of dentifrice products (CTTM and CRD) were compared using digital photography. In the interproximal plaque control method, the teeth were coated with human saliva and incubated anaerobically with a mixture of representative oral bacteria for six hours at 37 degrees C. In vitro dental plaque was assessed after brushing the facial surface with one of the three dentifrice products using a clinical plaque scoring index. RESULTS: The area coverage method demonstrated that both dentifrice products tested covered approximately 70% of the facial tooth surface; the CTTM dentifrice coverage on the lingual tooth surface was significantly higher than the coverage for the CRD dentifrice. With the interproximal plaque control method, in the presence of an active ingredient, the CTTM dentifrice had equivalent efficacy to the CTD dentifrice. Both CTTM and CTD were significantly superior to the CRD for interproximal dental plaque control. CONCLUSION: Using the developed tooth model, two assessment methods have been shown to have the potential to demonstrate tooth surface coverage, and to assess the potential efficacy of a dentifrice for the control of interproximal dental plaque. This process can indicate potential clinical evaluation of an oral care product, and support clinical findings with controlled evidence.

Bacteria↗

PubMed2005

Tooth loss, denture wearing and oral health-related quality of life in elderly Chinese people.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between tooth loss, denture wearing and oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) among community-dwelling elderly people in Hong Kong. METHODS: A questionnaire study of elderly people aged 60-80 years who were recruited at neighborhood social centres for the elderly. The Chinese version of the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used and information about natural tooth number and denture wearing were obtained. RESULTS: 233 elderly subjects were recruited and interviewed. Around 20% of the partially dentate subjects had their last tooth loss within the previous year and a quarter within the last five years. Significantly fewer edentulous subjects had their last tooth loss within the previous year (3%) and within the last five years (12%, p < 0.001). Twenty two percent of the subjects had difficulty in accepting tooth loss. More edentulous subjects (69%) were satisfied with their dentures than partially dentate denture wearers (37%, p < 0.001). Edentulous elderly subjects had a higher mean GOHAI score (53.0) than partially dentate denture wearers (49.1, p < 0.001). Results from a multiple factor ANOVA revealed that elderly subjects who had loose teeth, difficulty in accepting tooth loss and were not satisfied with their removable dentures had a lower mean GOHAI score. CONCLUSIONS: In general, tooth loss and denture wearing did not have a major impact on OHQoL in elderly Chinese people. However, partially dentate denture wearers experienced a greater adverse impact on OHQoL than edentulous subjects most probably due to less satisfaction with their dentures and discomfort associated with loose teeth.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Primary tooth fluorosis in 5-year-old schoolchildren in Ireland.

AIM: This was to determine the prevalence of primary tooth fluorosis in the dentitions of 5-year-old schoolchildren. A subsidiary aim was to investigate whether an association existed between the presence of primary tooth fluorosis, fluoridation status, infant feeding practices or the oral hygiene practices of the child. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional and stratified by fluoridation status study. METHODS: Fluorosis was recorded using a modification of the Tooth Surface Index of Fluorosis (TSIF). Demographic data, information on infant feeding practices and oral hygiene practices were collected via a parental questionnaire. STATISTICS: Stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Fluorosis prevalence in the fluoridated group (n=208) was 32%; 29.3% (n=61) had a modified TSIF score of 1; 2.4% (n=5) had a modified TSIF score of 2; and 1% (n=1) had a modified TSIF score of 5. In the non-fluoridated group (n=86) one child had a modified TSIF score of 1. Primary tooth prevalence of fluorosis in the entire sample (n=294) was 23%. Factors that were associated with primary tooth fluorosis were: fluoridation status (p= 0.0003, 95% CI = 5-281) and the age at which toothbrushing with toothpaste commenced (p = 0.016, 95% C.I. 1.1 - 3.8). No association with infant feeding practices was identified. CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of primary tooth fluorosis was 23%. Lifetime residence in a fluoridated area and commencement of toothbrushing with toothpaste between 12 and 18 months of age were associated with primary tooth fluorosis. No association with infant feeding practices was identified.

Bottle Feeding↗

PubMed2005

Primary reason for tooth extraction in a Brazilian adult population.

PURPOSE: To identify the primary reasons for tooth extraction in a Brazilian adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Interviews and oral examinations were conducted with 466 subjects aged from 18-76 years in the city of Maceió, Brazil. Frequency distributions, means and medians were calculated and the chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the variables associated with reasons for tooth extraction. RESULTS: Of the 466 extractions, 295 (63.3%) were due to dental caries, 61 (13.1%) due to periodontal disease, 56 (12.0%) for orthodontic reasons, 32 (6.9%) at the patient's request, 15 (3.2%) for pre-prosthetic reasons, four (0.9%) due to pericoronitis, two (0.4%) due to trauma and one (0.2%) for other reasons. Tooth extraction due to caries and other causes (excluding periodontal disease) shows a significant association with family income, toothache, type of health centre (public or private), educational level (P < 0.001) and marital status (P = 0.002). The logistic regression model has shown that patients undergoing treatment at a public health centre, those suffering from toothache or with an incomplete secondary education were more likely to lose their teeth due to caries, with educational level as the strongest indicator. For tooth extraction due to periodontal disease and other causes (excluding dental caries) the variables age, family income, type of health centre, tooth types (anterior or posterior), educational level (P < 0.001) and toothache (P = 0.006) were statistically significant, and age was the only associated variable in the logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: Dental caries was the main cause of tooth extraction in the study group, following tooth extraction due to periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Risk of tooth loss after cigarette smoking cessation.

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the effect of cigarette smoking cessation on risk of tooth loss. We examined how risk of tooth loss changed with longer periods of smoking abstinence in a prospective study of oral health in men. METHODS: Research subjects were 789 men who participated in the Veterans Administration Dental Longitudinal Study from 1968 to 2004. Tooth status and smoking status were determined at examinations performed every 3 years, for a maximum follow-up time of 35 years. Risk of tooth loss subsequent to smoking cessation was assessed sequentially at 1-year intervals with multivariate proportional hazards regression models. Men who never smoked cigarettes, cigars, or pipes formed the reference group. Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, education, total pack-years of cigarette exposure, frequency of brushing, and use of floss. RESULTS: The hazard ratio for tooth loss was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-3.1) among men who smoked cigarettes during all or part of follow-up. Risk of tooth loss among men who quit smoking declined as time after smoking cessation increased, from 2.0 (95% CI, 1.4-2.9) after 1 year of abstinence to 1.0 (95% CI, 0.5-2.2) after 15 years of abstinence. The risk remained significantly elevated for the first 9 years of abstinence but eventually dropped to the level of men who never smoked after 13 or more years. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that smoking cessation is beneficial for tooth retention, but long-term abstinence is required to reduce the risk to the level of people who have never smoked.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Tooth colour selection: the application of colour science to dental colour matching.

Existing dental shade guides are not arranged logically or scientifically and do not even correspond to measured tooth colour. Shade guides of all dental restorative materials are based on the long established porcelain shade guides which evolved to represent the available shades of porcelain teeth. The shades developed by a process of popular selection by which shades perceived to be nearer tooth colour were added and the least popular eliminated. This concept has not changed since the introduction of porcelain over two hundred years ago. The approach presented is fundamentally different with the colours evolved from measured tooth colour. By applying colour science a system for colour selection is developed specifically for tooth colour. Existing methods and problems are evaluated and the difficulties of colour matching quantified. A tooth colour order system is developed resulting in the construction of a tooth colour atlas assembled for easy use offering the accurate measurement of tooth colour and the potential of perfect colour matching.

Color↗

PubMed1991

[Analysing the effects of tooth extraction under acupuncture anesthesia in 825 cases of senior].

It has been found that the effects of tooth extraction under acupuncture anesthesia (AA) for the old patients are generally quite good. In order to verify this result, the authors had statistically analysed 825 cases aged over 60 years (Group A) and equal quantity whose age were between 18-40 years old (Group B) out of more than 4000 cases whose records of AA were rather completely during 1973 to 1988. 1. There was no significant difference under AA for different sexes. 2. The differences of the excellent rate of AA between Group A and Group B were extremely evident either in the positions of the tooth or the reason of tooth extraction. The former was 89.04% and the latter 76.20% (P less than 0.005). 3. Although a low rate in excellence of tooth extraction under simple AA (only 75.58%), not so good as the effect by AAA (an average about 88.21%), the simple AA was more common and more easier to be accepted by patients. 4. Tooth extraction under AA has been proved to be safe, effective and without any complications. 5. The reasons for the senior to extract their teeth were almost for the broken crowns and of roots or the purposes of prosthetic restoration. Even though the pain thresholds in the senior were commonly higher. It is still an important factor of the good effect and good rate of tooth extraction under AA. Referring to the statistics in this study the authors suggest that the hospitals which can use the AA for tooth extraction adopt the method as the first choice of anesthesia method to the senior who intends to accept it.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗

PubMed1990

[Effects of local application of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on experimental tooth movement in rats].

The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of local application with Vitamin D metabolite, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2D3), on experimental tooth movement in rats. 1. According to Waldo's method, a piece of orthodontic elastic band was inserted between the upper first and second molars of Wistar male rats weighing 200 g. The amount of 20 microliters of 1,25 (OH)2D3(10(-12)-10(-7) M) was injected locally in the submucosal palatal area of the root bifurcation of the right first molar. The left side was injected with vehicle. The number of osteoclasts was counted in a 700 x 1050 micron 2 area of the inter-radicular septum. The number of osteoclasts was dose-dependently increased 2-fold at 10(-10) M 1,25 (OH)2D3 compared to that in the vehicle-injected side. The maximal increase of osteoclast number was observed 3 days after local injection of 10(-10) M 1,25 (OH)2D3 on experimental tooth movement. 2. The upper first molar of Wistar male rats was moved in a buccal direction by a helical spring. The amount of 20 microliters of the local administration of 10(-10) M 1,25 (OH)2D3 was repeated every 3 days until sacrifice at day 20. The tooth movement in the 1,25 (OH)2D3-treated rats was accelerated about 2-fold compared to that in the control rats. 3. The effect of bone formation in the rats receiving experimental tooth movement was examined by fluorescent labeling and quantitative histology. Thus, the local application of 10(-10) M 1,25 (OH)2D3 tended to prevent the decrease of the mineral apposition rate of the alveolar bone following orthodontic tooth movement. 4. Serum samples of these 1,25 (OH)2D3-treated rats was obtained from abdominal aorta 3 hours after the final injection. Serious effects were not found in the values for parameters such as calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. These findings suggested that the local use of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on experimental tooth movement in the rats caused increase in osteoclasts number and accelerated tooth movement. However, no obvious side effects were noted. 1,25 (OH)2D3 was expected to stimulate mineral apposition rate of alveolar bone on the tension side.

Alveolar Process↗

PubMed1990

Automatic diagnosis system of tooth mobility for clinical use.

The examination of tooth mobility gives valuable clinical findings on pathological change in the periodontium. An automatic diagnosis system has been developed for the quantitative evaluation of tooth mobility. Tooth mobility was determined from the vibration characteristics of the periodontium and expressed in terms of such objective biomechanical parameters as stiffness and two damping coefficients. These were displayed on a monitor CRT as a triangular figure. This system is composed of a probe, which comprises a vibrator and acceleration transducers, and a data analysis unit using a personal computer. A dentist can measure the tooth mobility without assistance with a foot-switch to trigger the computer operation. The reliability and the operational facility of the system are considered to be sufficient that it may be used in daily clinical practice. Data were collected from healthy and pathological teeth. The tooth mobility of the pathological tooth and the time course of the change in the mechanical parameters after implantation of the tooth were measured by this system. The advantages of this system compared with previous one, which was also developed by the authors, are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Age and sex distribution of tooth mortality among Nigerians.

The second part of a study of tooth mortality among Nigerians is reported. In an earlier report (Odusanya, 1985), five major causes of tooth loss were identified. Periodontal disease and dental caries accounted for 90% of all losses. The present report however, focussed on the age and sex distribution of tooth mortality. It was discovered that tooth mortality in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life was the highest. Within this short interval, 46.7% of the entire tooth loss recorded in this study took place. Of this percentage, dental caries accounted for 34%. The results of this study suggest an impending dental disease epidemic in Nigeria which can be avoided if early attention is paid to the prevention of an imminent dental caries explosion. Maximum benefit is likely to be derived from paying particular attention to the population below the 2nd decade of life. During the 4th decade of life the incidences of dental caries and periodontal disease were approximately equal. After the 4th decade however, periodontal disease was the primary aetiologic factor for tooth mortality among Nigerians. The average tooth loss per patient was 1.48 for males and 1.53 for females.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Biomechanical study on orthodontic tooth movement by means of numerical simulation. Effects of principal stresses in periodontal membrane].

The effect of biomechanical factors on tooth movement has not been clarified in a quantitative manner. This study was designed to investigate the stresses affecting tooth movement, using a numerical simulation. The influence of decrease in Young's modulus of the periodontal membrane on canine retraction was also examined through the simulation. A two-dimensional finite element model was constructed based on the average anatomic morphology of Japanese canine. A numerical simulation program based on the finite element method was developed for the orthodontic tooth movement. The stresses in the periodontal membrane were evaluated. The principal stress of which absolute is larger was selected as a reference stress. Each nodal point at the alveolar bone-periodontal membrane interface was repositioned in the direction of reference stresses, in response to discrepancy between assumed thresholds and the reference stresses. Moment to force (M/F) ratios at the bracket position of this model were examined for evaluating force conditions. Simulation of tooth movement were executed under three force conditions with different M/F ratios for distal movements and two force conditions for vertical movements. Three types of canine retraction, tipping movement, bodily movement and root movement, were displayed with the numerical simulation. Extrusion and intrusion were also displayed. Analytic movements of the canine were close to the actual tooth movements that have been reported, utilizing the principal stresses with the thresholds of the maximum and minimum principal stresses being about +0.4 gf/mm2 and -0.4 gf/mm2. The decrease in the Young's modulus of the periodontal membrane changed bodily movement to tipping movement under the same force conditions. These results indicate that the value and the direction of the principal stress in the periodontal membrane are key determinants of tooth movement and this numerical simulation is useful for investigating the influence of the biomechanical factors on tooth movement.

Dental Stress Analysis↗

PubMed1995

Orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption with special reference to force magnitude and duration. A clinical and histological investigation in adolescents.

The purpose of orthodontic treatment is to move teeth as efficiently as possible with least damage to teeth and their supporting tissues. Root resorption may occur as an unwanted side effect and may in some instances jeopardize an otherwise successful treatment. The general aim of this series of clinical investigations was to study the association between applied force, achieved tooth movement and related root resorptions. In 144 adolescents, the maxillary first or second premolar was buccally moved with a fixed orthodontic appliance. The variables studied were duration, magnitude and type of force. Moreover, both the occurrence of orthodontically induced root resorptions and the reparative potential were investigated in histological preparations of the teeth. When a continuous force of a clinically relevant magnitude (50 cN approximately 50 g) was applied, tooth movement increased gradually over time. Root resorptions were recorded in all test teeth but 4 (93%). After 3 weeks a few teeth revealed root resorptions extending half way to the pulp or more in the apical third of the root. No association was found between root resorptions and tooth movement. Doubling the force magnitude (100 cN approximately 100 g) affected neither the tooth movement nor the severity of root resorptions. However, when the force was increased 4 times (200 cN approximately 200 g), tooth movement increased 50% but still with no significant increase in the occurrence or severity of root resorptions. Tooth movement was achieved more efficiently with a continuous force than with an interrupted type of force of the same magnitude (50 cN). Root resorptions, though, did not seem to be affected differently by the two types of forces. Reduction of all types of applied forces was considerable, about 25-30%, already within one week. Repair with secondary cementum was recorded almost 3 times more often after 8 weeks (75%) of retention than after 1 week (28%). Irrespective of magnitude and type of force, large individual variations were observed regarding tooth movements and root resorptions as well as their reparative potential. The possible clinical consequences of the results obtained are discussed with regard to cost-benefit effects, convenience to the patient and risk of complications.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Tooth wear in three ethnic groups in Sabah (northern Borneo).

The prevalence and associated aetiologies of tooth wear were investigated in three ethnic groups in Sabah (Northern Borneo) using the Tooth Wear Index (TWI). The number of surfaces with enamel wear only, dentine exposed for less than a third or dentine exposed for more than a third were categorised into the TW minimal, moderate or severe respectively. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit medical/dental history, oral hygiene practices, satisfaction with body image, diet and other personal habits/details. The sample comprised of a self selected sample of 148 dental hospital attenders; 47 (32 per cent) each of ethnic Chinese and Malay and 54 (36 per cent) of ethnic Kadazan, matched for age and with a similar number of scoreable teeth per subject. Dentine exposure within the total sample was a common finding (95 per cent TW with moderate, 41 per cent TW severe). The Kadazan group had significantly (P < 0.05) more surfaces with severe tooth wear than the Chinese or Malay. Tobacco chewing was positively associated (rho = +0.4, P < 0.05) with both moderate and severe tooth wear, as was the habit of crushing/eating bones. Neither carbonated beverages or fresh fruit intake were associated with tooth wear, but their frequency of consumption was low. The buccal and occlusal surfaces of the posterior teeth were the most severely worn. Generally, wear was greater in the upper anterior sextant compared to the lower anterior sextant, with the exception of the lower incisal edges in the Kadazan group. Tooth wear into dentine was a common occurrence, especially among the Kadazan subjects and least among the Chinese subjects. The aetiological factors associated with this tooth wear are different to those encountered in Western cultures.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Tooth diseases in the medieval population of Gracanica near Valjevo].

The analyses of the pattern of dental disease in the Late Medieval Serbian population from cemetery excavations in the archaeological site Grachanica were based on the study of tooth wear, ante-mortem tooth loss, caries, hypoplasia, alveolar resorption, abscesses and calculus. The total sample of all available skeletons with almost complete permanent dentition numbers 45 individuals. Dental sample comprises 178 maxillary teeth and 337 mandibular teeth. The presence of dental caries was scored taking into consideration the size of the lesion (four degrees) and its position on the tooth. The degree of tooth wear was graded into one of four categories: atrition of enamel only; atrition involving dentin; atrition up to the level of fissure at the occlusal surface of the molar teeth, and exposure of the pulp chamber. The cystic defects within the alveolar bone were recorded according to their aetiology, size and position. Radiographic study had not been done in order to detect periapical destruction, so the presence of such destruction was recognizable in advanced stages associated with the appearance of fistula penetrating the compact alveolar bone usually at the buccal side. The condition of the alveolar crest resorption, as the evidence of periodontal disease, was graded into three categories, and the distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar crest was measured. The analysis of dental pathology profile consisted of the two reporting methods: individual count method (prevalence of disease based on the number of individuals affected) and tooth count method (distribution of lesions frequency on tooth type and class). The Grachanica dentition exhibits a dental pathology profile typical of agricultural medieval populations in this region. Tooth wear was the most frequent, affecting 95% of individuals. Dental caries and ante-mortem teeth loss exhibit also high frequency (51% and 69%). Dental pains of low prevalence include abscesses (13%) and enamel hypoplasia (20%). In the material examined, the carious process was responsible for pulp exposure to infection in all cases of abscess formation. The results obtained suggest that food processing technology and nature of diet allowed use of abrasive in the food and that oral hygiene was at the low level. On the other hand, there were not a lot of people who were subjected to stress-induced growth disruptures. The findings reported here contribute to understand how dietary change and life conditions are related to the changing patterns of dental diseases in medieval populations.

History, Medieval↗

PubMed2005

Investigation of maxillary tooth sizes in patients with palatal canine displacement.

AIM: The aim of this retrospective trial was to investigate differences in mesiodistal and vestibulo-oral crown sizes of naturally, fully-erupted permanent maxillary teeth between patients with and without palatal canine displacement. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 115 patients (mean age: 14 years 10 months; females: 77 males: 38) treated in the Department of Orthodontics, University of Munich were included in the study. 65 of the patients showed at least one palatally-displaced canine. Diagnosis and the location of the displacement were determined on the basis of standardized radiographs and confirmed by surgical documentation. Each maxillary tooth's mesiodistal and vestibulo-oral width was measured using a dial caliper on each dental cast. Excluded were partially-erupted teeth and surfaces with caries or restorations that had to be measured. An analysis of available space was made by evaluating the pre-treatment dental casts of all patients included in the study. RESULTS: Comparing the tooth widths of patients with unilateral canine displacement with the corresponding contralateral quadrants, we noted a statistically significant difference, namely that the central and lateral incisors and the canines of the affected side were narrower than those of the non-affected side in the same patient. Moreover, the displaced upper canines showed an increase in vestibulo-oral dimension. Overall tooth width (including all tooth groups) in patients with palatally-displaced canines was significantly less than that in the control group. However, when comparing the crown diameters of unilaterally- and bilaterally-affected patients, no differences in tooth-size were observed. The space-analysis showed excessive dental-arch space in patients with a palatally-displaced canine. CONCLUSION: Patients affected by palatal canine displacement showed significantly smaller maxillary tooth size.

Adolescent↗