[Traumatic injuries to the teeth of children].
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In endodontics, the microscope is indispensable. Clinicians are discovering that every facet of endodontics is better, safer, and easier. Microscopic endodontics is a new technology that emphasizes visual information, rather than tactile information. The learning curve can be fairly steep, but it is one worth climbing. Future controlled studies should document an improvement of endodontic outcomes. This is becoming more true as dentistry becomes more extensive and expensive, and needs to last longer and longer. The days of "easy cases" are much fewer, even for the general practitioner. Lastly, there is a groundswell conversation, at least in the endodontic community, that the benefits of the microscope are beyond biology. Clinicians experience a greater sense of personal and professional fulfillment because they are not achieving what is "good enough," but aspiring to "what is possible."
This case represents how predictable results can be obtained in a difficult situation if a tried-and-true protocol is closely followed. An atraumatic surgical technique, followed by controlled healing through correct implant placement and the use of a custom-healing abutment, set up the success of the soft tissue component of the case. Meticulous laboratory communication, combined with correct restoration selection, was the final step in the creation of lifelike results.
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PURPOSE: To evaluate the durability of a new open sandwich restoration with, as shown in a previous scanning electron microscope study, improved interfacial adaptation. A polyacid-modified resin-based composite (PMRC; compomer) was placed as an intermediate layer and covered with resin composite (RC). A direct RC restoration was used as control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 57 patients, each received at least one pair of Class II restorations, one PMRC/RC open sandwich and one RC control. In total, 75 pairs of Class II restorations, 68 premolars and 82 molars, all in occlusion, were placed by two dentists. Most of the cavities were surrounded by enamel. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months by a slightly modified USPHS criteria. RESULTS: Five of 148 restorations evaluated during 3 years were rated as unacceptable. Two, one in each group, because of endodontic treatment and one RC restoration was replaced because of tooth fracture. Secondary caries was observed contiguous to one restoration in each group at the 36-month recall. Except for the two patients with pulpitis, none of the others reported postoperative sensitivity. No significant differences were seen between the restoration techniques. For marginal adaptation a significant change occurred between baseline and 6 months in both groups. For marginal discoloration, a significant change was observed at 6 months in the sandwich group and at 36 months in the RC group. Color match of the resin composite material changed significantly in both groups at 36 months. It was concluded that both techniques showed good durability during the 3-year follow up.
Traumatic injuries require a vast and complex treatment methodology. This manuscript although in a "cookbook" format will still require from the practitioner sound clinical judgment prior to treating a traumatized tooth.
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There have been many advances in orthodontic and restorative procedures. These can be combined to provide a very powerful tool in providing the optimum results. This article describes when a combined approach would be appropriate and discusses how the various problems are overcome.
Trauma to primary incisors is common and poses a challenge to dentists who treat children. Often, the clinical appearance of such teeth does not indicate the underlying pathosis. In this case, a dentigerous cyst developed in association with an injured primary incisor, resulting in loss of a permanent tooth.
Contemporary adhesive restorations allow clinicians to deliver minimally invasive, functional, and aesthetic treatment for compromised dentition in the anterior and posterior regions. Part 1 of this article discussed the state-of-the-art relating to composite restorations, both in situations deemed to be relatively uncomplicated and those that are more complicated. This second part discusses the clinical protocol for the placement of direct composite materials as well as the tooth preparation considerations that must be addressed when providing minimally invasive treatment options.
This paper demonstrates that an intact extraction socket is not necessary for the successful integration of a titanium implant fixture. Several case reports are used to describe the immediate placement of fixtures into compromised sockets, some in conjunction with bone grafting and/or guided tissue regeneration techniques to enhance the surgical result. Advantages of immediate implant placement are threefold: (1) treatment time is significantly reduced; (2) ridge contour can be preserved; and (3) it is possible to place the fixture in a more ideal axial position, thus enhancing fabrication, esthetics, and biomechanics of the subsequent restoration.
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Successful treatment of traumatic injuries depends on timely action by the patient and a quick and accurate diagnosis by the dentist. Although most injuries are minor and of an urgent nature, displaced or missing teeth are true emergencies. The mismanagement of dental traumatic injuries has provided much information as well as questions for research that have resulted in the increased retention of teeth with as little treatment as possible. Maintaining pulp vitality when possible, utilizing the therapeutic effects of calcium hydroxide, and returning teeth to function as soon as possible are keys to predictable prognosis.