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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Facial and oral reconstruction following trauma and failed chin implant: a case report.

Functional and esthetic reconstruction of a patient with microgenia who sustained traumatic injury was successfully accomplished using Brånemark System osseointegrated implants (Nobel Biocare USA, Inc., Yorba Linda, CA) to support a permanent dental prosthesis following mechanical and biologic reconstruction of the anterior mandible and chin. A 25-year-old glycine chin implant previously used for facial esthetic enhancement had eroded the anterior cortical plate and migrated through the medullary bone, compressing the periosteum into the apex of the anterior tooth roots. Further destruction of the lingual cortex with risk of fracture was imminent. After removal of the chin implant, a cancellous bone graft was held in place with a titanium mesh frame. The prosthetic rehabilitation consisted of two phases of mandibular implant placement followed by the construction of a porcelain-fused-to-gold implant-supported fixed prosthesis, restoring the occlusal vertical dimension as well as appropriate lip support. Restoration of function was superior to the pretreatment condition.

Bone Resorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Subcutaneous emphysema as a complication of tooth extraction].

Subcutaneous emphysema is a rare complication in dentistry, which may lead to diagnostic errors and inadequate therapy. A 17 year old female patient, in whom the separation of tooth roots was performed by the use of air-powered drill during the extraction of the first right lower molar, is presented in this paper. During the intervention, swelling of the right half of the face and the lower eyelid suddenly occurred, accompanied with simultaneous feeling of choking, and pressure in the neck and chest. Because of the suspicion of the allergic reaction, the patient was administered antihistaminic agent, together with parenteral corticosteroid, and was sent to an institution where she was treated as an in-patient. During hospitalization, subcutaneous emphysema of the face and neck was diagnosed by physical and x-ray examination. The emphysema completely disappeared after the use of oxygen and antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Odontoclastic resorption of the superficial nonmineralized layer of predentine in the shedding of human deciduous teeth.

Resorption by odontoclasts of a superficial nonmineralized layer of predentine that occurs in prior to the shedding of human deciduous teeth was studied by light and electron microscopy. As resorption of the tooth roots neared completion, multinucleate cells appeared on the predentine surface of the coronal dentine between the degenerated odontoblasts, excavated characteristic resorption lacunae in the nonmineralized predentine. These multinucleate cells had the same ultrastructural characteristics as odontoclasts and histochemical demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in the multinucleate cells revealed intense staining in numerous small granules identified as lysosomes. Occasionally, the multinucleate cells simultaneously resorbed both nonmineralized and calcospherite-mineralized matrix in the predentine. The study demonstrates that multinucleate odontoclasts can resorb nonmineralized predentine matrix in vivo, probably in the same way as they resorb demineralized organic matrix in the resorption zone underlying their ruffled border.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Porous polysulfone as an attachment vehicle for orthopedic and dental implants.

The mechanical properties of porous polysulfone (PSF) were determined and its performance as a surface coating on orthopedic and dental implants evaluated. Ten coated femoral prostheses were implanted in nine dogs. A second series of four uncoated "control" prostheses and all of the acetabular cups were implanted using conventional bone cement techniques. Six porous PSF coated tooth roots were implanted in healed mandibular premolar extraction sites in three Rhesus monkeys. The shear strength of porous PSF (6 MPa) was comparable to that of trabecular bone. Pushout tests of 1cm. thick sections of the prostheses yielded interfacial shear strength values over 1.4 MPa for the PSF coated hips after 14 weeks and mean values under 0.7 MPa for the bone cemented specimens after 3 and 36 weeks. Bone and fibrous tissue was identified in the pores of coated specimens. Preliminary clinical evaluation of the functioning dental implants revealed zero mobility and other favorable clinical and radiographic indications after 2 months.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2006

Craniofacial and dental phenotype of Smith-Magenis syndrome.

The aim of this study was to assess and characterize dental and craniofacial findings in individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS). Extraoral and intraoral examination including dental and craniofacial radiographs and three-dimensional facial photoimaging were performed for 15 cases between ages 4 and 19 years old. Tooth agenesis (13/15 cases) affecting primarily the mandibular second premolars and taurodontism (13/15 cases) were common findings. Dilaceration of the tooth roots was present in one-third of the cases. At least one dental anomaly was present in each case. These findings occur with greater frequency than in the general population (P < 0.001). An age-related increase in decayed and restored teeth was found. Poorer oral hygiene, increased dental plaque, and increased gingival inflammation progressed from childhood to teenage years. Radiographic findings suggest the prognathic appearance is not caused by excessive mandibular growth. Other findings including protrusion of the mandibular anterior teeth, increased bony chin size, and macroglossia were noted, which may contribute to the prognathic appearance. The high prevalence of dental anomalies (>90%) further expands the phenotype and indicates that dental evaluation may aid in the diagnosis of SMS.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

Reliability of panoramic radiography in evaluating the topographic relationship between the mandibular canal and impacted third molars.

BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a study to evaluate the predictive value of five radiographic markers on the panoramic radiograph, or PR, to point out the relationship between the mandibular canal and the impacted third molar. METHODS: The authors evaluated the accuracy of the radiographic markers by comparing the PR with an axial computed tomographic, or CT, scan. They identified a sample of 73 third molars that showed a close relationship between the tooth roots and the mandibular canal on the PR, and then classified them on the basis of five radiographic markers. They also detected contact between the third molar and the mandibular canal on the CT scan. RESULTS: The distribution of the five radiographic markers was as follows: 37 teeth exhibited increased radiolucency, 13 exhibited superimposition, 14 exhibited interruption of the radiopaque border, 14 exhibited narrowing of the canal and seven exhibited diversion of the canal. In 11 cases, two or more markers were recognizable. The predictive values of a positive test result were as follows: increased radiolucency, 73 percent; superimposition, 38.5 percent; interruption of the radiopaque border, 71.4 percent; narrowing, 78.6 percent; and diversion, 100 percent. The authors detected contact in all of the cases that exhibited two or more markers. CONCLUSION: Increased radiolucency, narrowing and interruption of the radiopaque border, as well as the concomitant presence of two or more radiographic markers, on the PR were highly predictive of contact between the third molar and the mandibular canal. An axial CT scan probably is indicated in such cases. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study may lead to some guidelines for oral surgeons evaluating whether to obtain an axial CT scan for further investigation after examining an impacted mandibular third molar via PR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The presurgical workup before third molar surgery: how much is enough?

PURPOSE: We sought to assess the indications for patient referral for computed tomography (CT) scan before third molar extraction. The influence of the data obtained from the CT scans on the surgical outcome and morbidity was also evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: There were 189 patients in the study (120 females and 69 males). Sixty-five patients were referred to receive CT and formed the study group. The remaining patients were included in the control group. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to demographic data and tooth and root angulations. Indications for tooth extraction such as pain, swelling, pericoronitis, caries, endodontic problems, pathology, and prosthetic considerations were similar. The proximity of the tooth root to the inferior alveolar canal was the only statistically significant difference between the 2 groups (P <.001). The treatment plan outcomes for extraction, surgical extraction, and follow-up were comparable. The surgeon changed the initial decision from "surgical extraction" to "follow-up" in only 1 case after CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that the main reason for CT scan referral is the proximity of the third molar root to the inferior alveolar canal (<1 mm). The data obtained from the CT scan had minimal effect on the final surgical outcome. The routine use of CT scan in cases of third molar extractions cannot be recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Interventions for treating asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth in adolescents and adults.

BACKGROUND: The prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth is defined as the (surgical) removal of wisdom teeth in the absence of local disease. Impacted wisdom teeth have been associated with pathological changes, such as inflammation of the gums around the tooth, root resorption, gums- and alveolar bone disease, damage of the adjacent teeth, the development of cysts and tumours. Several other reasons to justify prophylactic removal have also been given. Wisdom teeth do not always fulfil a functional role in the mouth. When surgical removal is carried out in older patients the risk of more postoperative complications, pain and discomfort increases. Nevertheless, in most developed countries the prophylactic removal of trouble-free wisdom teeth, either impacted or fully erupted, has long been considered as 'appropriate care'. Prudent decision-making, with adherence to specified indicators for removal, may reduce the number of surgical procedures by 60% or more. It has been suggested that watchful monitoring of asymptomatic wisdom teeth may be an appropriate strategy. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth in adolescents and adults compared with the retention of these wisdom teeth. SEARCH STRATEGY: The following electronic databases were searched:The Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register (4 August 2004), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (1966 to 4 August 2004), PubMed (1966 to 4 August 2004), EMBASE (1974 to 4 August 2004). There was no restriction on language. Key journals were handsearched. An attempt was made to identify ongoing and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised or controlled clinical trials (RCTs/CCTs) comparing the effect of prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth with no-treatment (retention). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Assessment of relevance, validity and data extraction were conducted in duplicate and independently by three reviewers. Where uncertainty existed, authors were contacted for additional information about randomisation and withdrawals. A quality assessment of the trials was carried out. MAIN RESULTS: Only three trials were identified that satisfied the review selection criteria. Two were completed RCTs and both assessed the influence of prophylactic removal on late incisor crowding in adolescents. One ongoing RCT was identified, but the researchers were unable to provide any data. They intend to publish in the near future and information received will be included in updates. Although both completed trials met the inclusion criteria of the review, regarding participants characteristics, interventions and outcomes assessed, different outcomes measures were assessed which prevented pooling of data. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: No evidence was found to support or refute routine prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth in adults. There is some reliable evidence that suggests that the prophylactic removal of asymptomatic impacted wisdom teeth in adolescents neither reduces nor prevents late incisor crowding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cytotoxicity evaluation of 43 metal salts using murine fibroblasts and osteoblastic cells.

Metallic biomaterials are generally used for replacement of structural components of the human body such as bones, joints, and tooth roots. When they are implanted inside a body, metallic biomaterials may corrode and/or wear, releasing metal ions and debris which may have toxic effects on tissues and organs. Since it is important for biomaterials to have no toxicity against a living body, a systematic and quantitative evaluation of the cytotoxicity of metallic elements is required for the development of new metallic biomaterials with superior biocompatibility. In this study, the cytotoxicity of 43 metal salts were evaluated by the colony formation method using two kinds of cultured cells. The effects of the difference in valence numbers of metallic elements in the salts on cytotoxicity were examined. The cytotoxicity of the salts of metallic elements' oxo acids was also investigated. As a result, the intensity of metal salts' cytotoxicity tends to be quite similar between MC3T3-E1 and L929 (the correlation coefficient of metal salts' IC50s is 0.82). The intensity of metal salts' cytotoxicity depends on the kinds of metallic elements, their chemical states, and concentrations. The IC50 of the highest toxic salt is 1.36 x 10(-6) mol L-1, which differs four orders of magnitude from the IC50 of the lowest toxic salt. K2Cr2O7, CdCl2, VCl3, AgNO3, HgCl2, SbCl3, BeSO4, and InCl3 are high toxic salts in which IC50s are smaller then 10(-5) mol L-1 for both or either of the cell lines. HgCl, Tl(NO3)3, GaCl3, CuCl2, MnCl2, CoCl2, ZnCl2, NiCl2, SnCl2, IrCl4, TlNO3, CuCl, RhCl3, Pb(NO3)2, Cr(NO3)3 and Bi(NO3)3 are relatively high toxic salts in which IC50s are smaller than 10(-4) mol L-1 for both or either cell lines.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Ancient DNA profiling by megaplex amplications.

Simultaneous amplification of nine human short tandem repeat (STR) DNA sequences and the amelogenin locus allows reducing to an absolute minimum the amount of sample material that is necessary for genetic identification or kinship analysis. Valuable remains can be studied this way without any visible damage, as is demonstrated by typing the DNA of a tooth root from the Saxon warrior Widukind, who died about 1200 years ago. The broad applicability of the megaplex approach is shown by typing bone and teeth specimens ranging from a few months to 3000 years of age employing AmpFISTR Profiler Plus. Additionally, megaplex STR typing is the method of choice for proving the authenticity of molecular results derived from ancient degraded DNA.

Amelogenin↗
PubMed2002

Van der Woude syndrome with sensorineural hearing loss, large craniofacial sinuses, dental pulp stones, and minor limb anomalies: report of a four-generation Thai family.

A four-generation Thai family affected with Van der Woude syndrome is reported. The disorder appeared to be originally inherited from a person who was half Thai and half Pakistani. The lip lesions found in this family were varied and did not appear to be related to other phenotypes. There were some clinical manifestations possibly specific for the condition in this family. They included sensorineural hearing loss, prominent frontal bone, large frontal/sphenoidal/maxillary sinuses with increased mastoid air cells, long tooth roots, dental pulp stones, ankyloglossia, brachydactyly of hands, brachyphalangy, and hyperphalangy of toes, and single flexion crease of the fifth fingers. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis revealed no visible deletion at a 1q32-41 region.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2003

Multiple macrodontic multituberculism.

Ekman-Westborg and Julin [1974: Oral Surg 38:217-222], described multiple macrodontia and multituberculism affecting the teeth without other anomalies (E-WJ). We describe a Chilean case in a 12-year-old with the typical dental alterations and with histopathologic findings that include absence of predentin layer and prominent reduced enamel epithelium. E-WJ is not a syndrome and we propose "multiple macrodontic multituberculism" as a better name for this anomaly of uncertain etiology affecting only the crowns of the teeth.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2004

Tooth cementum annulation for age estimation: results from a large known-age validation study.

Recent research indicates that tooth-cementum annulations (TCA) may be used more reliably than other morphological or histological traits of the adult skeleton to estimate age. Until now, however, confidence intervals for age estimated by this method have not been available for paleodemographic and forensic applications. The present study addresses this problem. Based on a large known-age sample, age estimates by TCA were conducted in a blind study involving 363 teeth. Tooth-root cross sections were made using a refined preparation technique. Improved digital graphic procedures and enhancement strategies were used to produce digital images with a specially adapted software package. This resulted in high concordance between the TCA age estimates and chronological age. Assessment of the method's accuracy, as expressed by 95% confidence intervals, showed that error bounds for age estimates do not exceed 2.5 years. Sex differences, intraindividual correlations, and the effects of periodontal disease were studied. None of these indicators had a quantitative effect on the number of TCA bands when the proposed methodological standard was followed. We conclude that the TCA technique is a reliable method for estimating a subject's age from cementum annulations.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

New Australopithecus boisei calvaria from East Lake Turkana, Kenya.

The calvaria of an adult Australopithecus boisei from Area 104, Koobi Fora, Lake Turkana, is described. The specimen, KNM-ER 23000, comes from sediments dated to about 1.9 Ma. It consists of the frontal, both parietals, both temporals, most of the occipital as well as two small pieces of sphenoid, and a mandibular tooth root. The specimen is presumed to be an adult male, based on its size and the great development of features associated with the masticatory apparatus. KNM-ER 23000 is close in general size and shape to KNM-ER 406, KNM-ER 13750, and Olduvai Hominid 5 and it has a mixture of features seen in these three roughly contemporaneous crania. The frontal, especially the tori, resembles that of OH 5; the parietals are most like those of KNM-ER 13750; the occipital is like those of the two other Turkana specimens, and the temporals have a mixture of features from all of these, This specimen adds to our knowledge of variability in A. boisei.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Deciduous dental morphology of the prehistoric Jomon people of Japan: comparison of nonmetric characters.

Morphological variations of the deciduous dentition are as useful as those of the permanent dentition for determining the biological affinities of human populations. This paper provides material on morphological variations of deciduous teeth of the prehistoric Japanese population from the Late and the Latest Jomon Period (ca. 2000-ca. 300 B.C.). The expression of nonmetric traits of the deciduous teeth in the Jomon sample shows a closer affinity with modern Japanese and Native American samples than with American White, Asiatic Indian, and African samples. However, the frequency of shoveling in deciduous upper incisors in the Jomon sample is lower than those in modern Japanese and Native American samples. The Jomon sample also expresses a much higher frequency of cusp 6 in deciduous lower second molars than seen in modern Japanese, Ainu, and Native American samples. The frequency in the Jomon sample is equal to that in the Australian Aboriginal sample, which shows cusp 6 most frequently among the samples compared. A somewhat low incidence of incisor shoveling in the Jomon sample was also reported in the permanent dentition (Turner [1976] Science 193:911-913, [1979] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 51:619-635, [1987] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 73:305-321, [1990] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 82:295-317; T. Hanihara [1992] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 88:163-182, 88:183-196). However, the frequency of cusp 6 in the Jomon sample shows no significant difference from those of Northeast Asian or Native American samples in the permanent dentition (Turner [1987] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 73:305-321; T. Hanihara [1992] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 88:163-182, 88:183-196). Evidently, some nonmetric traits express an inter-group difference only in the deciduous dentition.

Africa, Southern↗
PubMed1995

Age determination from dental microstructure in juveniles.

The crypts outside St Bride's Church, London, contain a documented collection of skeletal remains dating from the mid-18th century. Some of these remains became mixed during post-war restoration work on the church. The worst example of such mixing involves ten infants that were boxed all together with their corresponding coffin plates. All the infants were aged between 1 and 4 years at death. Recognized skeletal aging criteria proved unsuccessful in identifying the bodies. A more precise method of age estimation was utilized in order to separate these individuals. Age was determined using the incremental markers found in dental microstructure which are thought to be formed in circadian and circaseptan rhythms. The resulting age estimates were compared with the real ages obtained from the coffin plates and death certificates. Confident identification was achieved in eight out of ten cases. This study illustrates the potential value of a little-known aging method in circumstances where commonly used methods have proved unsuccessful.

Age Determination by Teeth↗