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PubMed1992

Sling operation for male stress incontinence by utilizing modified Stamey technique.

A modified Stamey operative technique was applied to 3 men with stress incontinence due to transurethral prostatectomy or transurethral resection of bladder neck. Two pieces of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts (Gore-Tex) were positioned at the membranous and bulbous urethra as sling loops, and hung up by nylon sutures that were brought to the abdominal wall along each side of the urethra by means of a modified Stamey needle and tied over the rectus fascia. Postoperatively, maximum urethral closure pressure and functional urethral length were increased, and urinary continence was achieved in all 3 patients, however, urinary retention developed in 1 patient with bladder arefrexia.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Predictive value of cell cycle biomarkers in nonmuscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

PURPOSE: We determined whether the combined expression of p53, p21, p27 and pRB is associated with outcomes of patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for p53, p21, p27 and pRB was performed on archival bladder specimens from 9 normal controls and 74 patients who underwent transurethral bladder tumor resection for Ta, Tis and/or T1 transitional cell carcinoma. RESULTS: Normal urothelium had wild type status of p53, pRB, p21 and p27. p53 expression was altered in 34% of patients with transitional cell carcinoma, pRB in 39%, p21 in 35% and p27 in 47%. When analyzed separately, p53, pRB and p21 were each independently associated with tumor progression. Combination of biomarkers stratified patients into statistically significantly different risk groups for disease recurrence and progression. When tumor stage and grade were modeled with all 4 biomarkers, p53 and p27 were the sole independent predictors of disease recurrence and progression. After controlling for the effects of tumor grade and stage, the incremental number of altered biomarkers was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer recurrence (p for trend = 0.011) and progression (p for trend = 0.005). The risk ratio for disease recurrence and progression increased incrementally with the number of biomarkers altered. CONCLUSIONS: Combinations of p53, pRB, p21 and p27 had cooperative/synergistic effects stratifying patients into different risk groups. Higher total numbers of altered biomarkers were independently associated with an increased risk of disease progression and death. Prospective trials are necessary to usher bladder cancer management into the age of molecular biomarkers.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The importance of re-evaluation in patients with cystitis glandularis associated with pelvic lipomatosis: a case report.

Pelvic lipomatosis is a rare, proliferative disease involving an overgrowth of normal fat in the pelvic retroperitoneal space. Cystitis glandularis, cystitis cystica, or cystitis follicularis can be observed in 75% of patients with pelvic lipomatosis. We describe a 58-yr-old man with pelvic lipomatosis in whom adenocarcinoma of the bladder was diagnosed in the second transurethral resection of the bladder 1 month after the first operation. This proliferative disease can cause obstruction of the bladder drainage leading to a proliferative cystitis because of an altered environment rich in protein fluid. Because the association of this proliferative disease with adenocarcinoma of the bladder is frequent, we recommend close follow-up of these patients to detect the associated adenocarcinoma of the bladder.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Intravesical electromotive drug administration technique: preliminary results and side effects.

PURPOSE: We performed intravesical electromotive drug administration (EMDA) for various bladder disorders during a 3-year period and assessed the technique, possible applications, complications and outcomes of this procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intravesical EMDA was performed with local anesthetics for transurethral surgery and in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of noninfectious chronic cystitis (interstitial/radiation cystitis), with mitomycin C for recurrence prophylaxis of high risk superficial bladder cancer and with oxybutynin/bethanechol for the hyperreflexive/acontractile detrusor. A standardized power source and electrode catheter were used for 215 treatments in 84 patients. RESULTS: Transurethral bladder tumor resections were pain-free in 10 of 12 patients. Of the 25 patients with chronic noninfectious cystitis 15 were free of symptoms for a mean of 6.6 months, and there was a 73% increase in mean bladder capacity from 244 before to 421 cc after EMDA. Of the 16 patients with superficial bladder cancer 9 were free of recurrence for a mean of 14.1 months. In 10 of 14 patients with acontractile detrusors urodynamic examination showed detrusor contraction during EMDA of bethanechol. There were no contractions without electric current. EMDA of oxybutynin reduced detrusor hyperreflexia. A bladder ulcer was the single severe local complication and 4.6% of patients, mainly those with chronic cystitis, reported significant post-EMDA bladder/urethral pain. Minor side effects accounted for 23% of all treatments. No systemic side effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical EMDA is effective and innocuous. The therapeutic concept combines the advantages of increased drug administration without systemic side effects.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1996

Intravesical versus intravesical plus intradermal bacillus Calmette-Guerin: a prospective randomized study in patients with recurrent superficial bladder tumors.

PURPOSE: Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) induces various immunological reactions and decreases the recurrence rate of superficial bladder tumors. To determine whether additional immune stimulation with concomitant intradermal BCG applications could further lower the recurrence rate, 154 patients with superficial bladder tumors at high risk for recurrence were randomized to receive either 6 intravesical instillations of 120 mg. Pasteur strain BCG alone or combined with intradermal application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 76 patients received intravesical and intradermal BCG, while 78 received intravesical BCG only. Median followup was 41 months (range 2 to 89) and 36 months (range 2 to 86), respectively. Both treatment groups were comparable regarding patient age and number of previous transurethral bladder tumor resections, as well as tumor recurrence rate, stage and grade before BCG therapy. RESULTS: A highly significant decrease in the monthly tumor recurrence rate was observed in both arms after BCG compared to the pretreatment recurrence rates (p < 0.0001). Recurrence rate decreased from 0.73 +/- 1.07 (standard deviation) to 0.06 +/- 0.13 in the combined treatment group and from 0.71 +/- 0.90 to 0.074 +/- 0.17 in the intravesical treatment only group. However, we were unable to find any difference between the 2 groups regarding interval to initial recurrence or recurrence rates after BCG treatment. Changes in the purified protein derivative skin test performed before and after BCG therapy were not useful to predict response to treatment because 44% of our patients already had a positive test before treatment. Also, interpretation of the skin test was difficult and not always reliable. In the multivariate analysis, however, fever was an important prognostic factor. Patients with increased body temperature greater than 37.5C had a significantly lower recurrence rate than those without fever (37.5C or less) after BCG instillation (p = 0.009). Moreover, fever after BCG instillation was observed significantly more frequently in patients with a positive purified protein derivative skin test before treatment (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The therapeutic benefit from intravesical BCG apparently was not substantially improved by simultaneous intradermal BCG vaccination. Fever following intravesical BCG instillation is an important prognostic factor regarding superficial bladder tumor recurrence. Fever occurs predominantly in patients who were previously sensitized to mycobacteria (by BCG vaccination or infection) as shown by a positive pretreatment purified protein derivative skin test. This finding suggests that previously sensitized patients respond significantly better to a single course of intravesical BCG.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of bladder carcinoma.

The clinical staging of bladder carcinoma traditionally has relied on transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, urinary cytology, excretory urography and an examination with the patient under anesthesia. Recent evidence has shown magnetic resonance imaging to be effective in the staging of bladder cancer. Whether magnetic resonance imaging is more accurate than conventional clinical staging techniques has not been answered. To determine the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in this regard 34 patients with bladder carcinoma underwent staging by this technique before radical cystectomy. The magnetic resonance imaging stage and conventional clinical stage were compared to the final pathological stage. Magnetic resonance imaging had an over-all accuracy of 50 per cent versus 57 per cent for conventional staging techniques and it identified 2 of 5 patients with nodal disease. To date magnetic resonance imaging does not appear to be better than conventional clinical staging techniques in patients with bladder carcinoma.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1980

Adenocarcinoma of the appendix penetrating the bladder.

We report a case of a mucous papillary tumor in the bladder. Initial treatment was transurethral resection but open partial bladder resection became necessary. Operation revealed an appendix tumor penetrating the bladder. Histologically, it was primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed2006

[Immunohistochemical expression of p53, p21, p16, and cyclin D1 in superficial bladder cancer. A tissue microarray study].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively assess the relationship between immunohistochemical expression of p53, p21, p16, and cyclin D1, with recurrence, progression and survival in superficial bladder cancer. METHODS: 163 patients undergoing transurethral resection for superficial bladder cancer between February 1995 and March 2004. Tumor samples were included in a tissue microarray support that was serially sectioned for immunohistochemical staining. Grade and stage associations for each marker were evaluated by the Chi-square test. Assessment of the relationship with recurrence, progression, and survival Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in marker expression depending on tumor grade and stage, with the exception of Cyclin D1, that was significantly different depending on tumor stage (p=0.030). p21 expression was related to tumor recurrence (p=0.035), progression (p=0.008) and survival (p=0.034). p16 expression was also related to recurrence (p=0.048) and survival (p=0.047), but not to tumor progression (p=0.116). p53 and Cyclin D1 were not statistically associated with tumor recurrence, progression or survival. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, only p16 and p21 may be useful in the management of superficial bladder tumors, as they are predictors of recurrence and survival in Ta and T1 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Tuberculosis miliar in a patient treated with intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guérin].

Tuberculosis miliar is a very rare complication of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy that is associated to high mortality. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment is essential. At present, there is a polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) which is a rapid diagnostic method with elevated sensitivity. Treatment with tuberculostatic agents should be initiated as soon as possible, the combination of corticosteroids and cycloserine in serious cases being advisable. A case of a 75 year old patient with intravesical BCG instillations after a transurethral resection of bladder cancer is presented. He was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) due to severe acute respiratory failure evolving to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mycobacterium bovis DNA was identified by PCR in blood samples and bronchoaspirate (BAS). He was treated with tuberculostatic agents and corticosteroids, dying due to respiratory failure.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2004

Impact of neoadjuvant androgen ablation and other factors on late toxicity after external beam prostate radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the late toxicity profile of prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy, to investigate the possible risk factors for late toxicity, and to determine whether neoadjuvant androgen ablation (NAA) is a factor. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study population consisted of 1192 patients with > or =24 months' follow-up. Late GI and GU toxicities were scored with a modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/Subjective, Objective, Management, and Analytic scale. All patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy (52.5 Gy in 20 fractions to 72 Gy in 36 fractions), using either conventional or three-dimensional conformal techniques. Of the 1192 patients, 40% received NAA (median 5 months). Risk factors investigated on multivariate analysis were age, past medical history, use of pelvic fields, dose, fractionation, use and duration of neo- and adjuvant androgen ablation, and acute toxicity (Grade 2 or greater). RESULTS: The median follow-up for the group was 49 months (range 24-105). The incidence of late Grade 2-3 GI or GU toxicity was 30% at 5 years (GI 12% and GU 20%). The incidence of late Grade 3 GI or GU toxicity was 8% at 5 years (GI 2.7% and GU 5.5%). No Grade 4 toxicity occurred. The risk factors of significance in relation to the development of late Grade 3 GU toxicity were coexisting GU disease (p = 0.02), prior transurethral resection of the prostate or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (p <0.0001), and presence of acute GU toxicity (p = 0.012). For late Grade 3 GI toxicity, short-term (< or =2 months) NAA (p = 0.0002) and coexisting GI disease (p = 0.017) were risk factors. CONCLUSION: Short-term (< or =2 months) NAA, but not longer durations of NAA, increases the risk of developing Grade 3 GI late toxicity. The possible mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Prognostic factors in urothelial renal pelvis and ureter tumours: a multicentre Rare Cancer Network study.

To assess the prognostic factors in patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and/or ureter, a series of 138 patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and/or ureter was collected in a retrospective multicentre study. 12 patients with distant metastases were excluded from the statistical evaluation. All but 3 patients underwent radical surgery: nephroureterectomy (n = 71), nephroureterectomy and lymphadenectomy (n = 20), nephroureterectomy and partial bladder resection or transurethral resection (n = 20), nephrectomy (n = 10), and ureterectomy (n = 5). Sixty-one per cent (n = 77) of the tumours were located in the renal pelvis, and 21% (n = 27) in the ureter (both in 22 [17%]). Following surgery, residual tumour was still present in 33 patients (16 microscopic and 17 macroscopic). Postoperative radiotherapy was given to 45 (36%) patients. The median follow-up period was 39 months. In a median period of 9 months, 66% of the patients relapsed (34 local, 7 locoregional, 16 regional, and 24 distant). The 5- and 10-year survival were 29% and 19%, respectively, in all patients. In univariate analyses, statistically significant factors influencing the outcome were Karnofsky index, pT-classification, pN-classification, tumour localisation, grade, and residual tumour after surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent prognostic factors influencing outcome were pT-classification, the existence of residual tumour, and tumour localisation. In patients with urothelial renal pelvis and/or ureter tumours, a radical surgical attitude is mandatory; and the presence of tumour in the ureter is associated with a poorer prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Perivesical fat necrosis after adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To document the presence of extensive transmural and perivesical fat necrosis in a series of radical cystectomies, and associate the surgical and pathological findings with the administration of intravesical chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 12 patients with pT2+ transitional cell tumours who were referred to the West Middlesex University Hospital and who proceeded to primary radical cystectomy between November 1996 and April 1998. The association between the presence of widespread transmural and extravesical necrosis and the administration of a single dose of intravesical epirubicin or mitomycin C in the 24 h after the initial transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) was analysed using the two-tailed Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The association between the presence of transmural and extravesical fat necrosis and administration of intravesical chemotherapy was highly significant (P=0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The depth and extent of the mural muscle necrosis and perivesical fac necrosis in patients receiving intravesical chemotherapy within 24 h of TURBT is remarkable and more florid than the usual muscle necrosis seen after TURBT. Clinically, the necrotic tissue makes the cystectomy significantly more difficult technically, and may even mimic extravesical spread of malignant disease. This was not borne out by the histology of the specimens, which showed no extravesical spread of the tumour. Surgeons should be aware of the possibility that such operative findings might be the result of intravesical chemotherapy.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed2003

Long-term results of high-power holmium laser vaporization (ablation) of the prostate.

OBJECTIVE: To present the 7-year follow-up data from the initial series of patients treated by holmium laser ablation of the prostate (HoLAP) for symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia at our institution. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 79 patients underwent HoLAP in the initial series between September 1994 and May 1995. All patients were contacted by telephone and mail; those available for follow-up had their peak urinary flow rate, American Urological Association (AUA) symptom score, single-question quality-of-life (QoL) score and adverse events assessed. Patients were also assessed using the International Continence Society 'male short-form' (ICSmaleSF) questionnaire on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 89 months (7.4 years), 17 patients had died (21%), 28 could not be contacted or refused follow-up (35%), leaving 34 patients (43%) available for assessment. The mean (range) AUA score of the remainder was 10.0 (0-26), the maximum urinary flow rate 16.8 (5-35) mL/s and QoL score 2.1 (0-5). The mean ICSmaleSF voiding score was 5.8 and the mean incontinence score 3.2. The impact score of their current LUTS (QoL) was 0.68, implying a minimal effect. No patient required pads for incontinence. The reoperation rate was 15%, with one patient each undergoing transurethral resection or bladder neck incision, two undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and one having a bladder stone removed endoscopically. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term results of HoLAP were satisfactory in those patients who were available for the follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer -- results of a survey in Saxony].

For patients with superficial bladder cancer, adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is recommended in national and international guidelines. We analyzed whether the recommended therapeutic regimens are used in daily urological practice. Questionnaires concerning the adjuvant intravesical therapy were sent to 152 urologists in the German Federal State of Saxony. Of the surveyed physicians, 134 practiced in an outpatient medical facility and 18 in a hospital. Of the questionnaires, 73 (48.02 %) were returned and evaluated. An adjuvant intravesical therapy after transurethral bladder tumor resection was performed in every second patient (median value 50.07 %). The majority of the urologists (79.4 %) treated the bladder tumors with intravesical chemotherapy or BCG depending on tumor stage and grade of malignancy. Chemotherapeutic agents or BCG was exclusively used in 13.6 % and 4.1 % of treated patients, respectively. Chemotherapeutic agents were predominantly applied up to the primary tumor stage T1 and malignancy grade G2. In cases with recurrent T1 bladder tumors of G2 or higher grade of malignancy, BCG was the main agent for intravesical treatment. In patients with recurrent T1G3 tumors, the majority of urologist (57.1 %) preferred another therapeutic regimen than intravesical instillation. Only 23.2 % of the urologists believed that intravesical BCG is superior to chemotherapeutic agents. These data demonstrate that adjuvant intravesical instillation with chemotherapeutic agents and BCG is well established in urological practice. In contrast to the recommendations of national and international guidelines, chemotherapeutic agents are more frequently used in cases with a high risk of progression.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1993

p53 expression in incidental prostatic cancer.

Incidental prostate cancer is an indolent disease typically characterized by a benign clinical course. This is not clearly established, however, as recent reports suggest that up to 27% of cases progress with long-term follow-up. The indolent history of this disease led initially to the hypothesis that mutations of the p53 gene would be an infrequent event in this patient population. Archival specimens from 24 patients with Stage A1 carcinomas were evaluated for abnormal p53 expression. In 23 patients the disease was diagnosed after transurethral resection for bladder outlet obstructive symptoms, and in one patient after a radical prostatectomy. Using a monoclonal antibody (PAb 240) and an immunohistochemical technique, a total of 36 microfoci of tumor were evaluated. Thirteen (36%) microfoci were positive with an intense nuclear staining pattern (2+), and eight (22%) microfoci had an intermediate staining pattern. Four areas of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia also stained positively with a 2+ staining pattern. These results suggest that abnormal p53 expression is a feature of a significant number of incidental prostatic carcinomas and that this occurrence is an early event in the development of the malignant phenotype.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Return hospital visits and hospital readmissions after ambulatory surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the overall and complication-related readmission rates within 30 days after ambulatory surgery at a major ambulatory surgical center. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Currently in North America, 65% of the surgical procedures are carried out in ambulatory settings. The safety of ambulatory surgery is well documented, with low rates of adverse events during or immediately after surgery. The consequences of ambulatory surgery during an extended period, however, have not been studied extensively. METHODS: Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data were collected on 17,638 consecutive patients undergoing ambulatory surgery at a major ambulatory surgical center in Toronto, Ontario. With the use of the database of the Ontario Ministry of Health, the authors identified all return hospital visits and hospital readmissions occurring in Ontario within 30 days after the ambulatory surgery. Return visits were categorized as emergency room visits, ambulatory surgical unit admissions, or inpatient admissions. The readmissions were categorized as those resulting from surgical, medical, or anesthesia-related complications or those not related to the ambulatory surgery. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-three readmissions occurred within 30 days after ambulatory surgery (readmission rate 1.1%). Six patients returned to the emergency room, 178 patients were readmitted to the ambulatory surgical unit, and 9 patients were readmitted as inpatients. Twenty-five readmissions were the result of surgical complications, and one resulted from a medical complication (pulmonary embolism). The complication-related readmission rate was 0.15% (1 in 678 procedures). The complication rate was significantly higher among patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumor (5.7%). No anesthesia-related readmissions or deaths were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of complication-related readmissions was extremely low (0.15%). This result further supports the view that ambulatory surgery is a safe practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Obstructive leiomyoma of the female urethra: report of a case.

We report a case of leiomyoma of the female urethra and review the literature. A mass protruding from the urethral meatus during voiding caused dysuria. Urodynamic study showed an obstructive pattern with low maximum urine flow and high detrusor pressure in initiating voiding. Cystourethroscopy revealed a mass extending from the proximal segment of the left lateral urethral wall into the bladder. At transurethral resection of the tumor 12.2 gm. of tissue were excised. Histopathological studies confirmed urethral leiomyoma. Surgery completely resolved the original symptoms of dysuria.

Female↗