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PubMed2006

Effects of audience awareness on procedural text writing.

Effects of audience awareness were examined. Some participants acted as writers and the others acted as readers. Writers wrote a text describing a geometrical figure. Readers read the text and tried to draw the figure according to the description. In Exp. 1, audience awareness was manipulated among undergraduate students, 11 men and 34 women. Writers in the high audience-awareness condition spent more time planning and writing texts than writers in the low audience-awareness condition. Texts in the high audience-awareness condition consisted of more letters and sentences with descriptions elaborating the texts. In Exp. 2, prototype texts were constructed based on the results of Exp. 1. Undergraduate students, 11 men and 47 women, who read the prototype text in the high audience-awareness condition could draw the figure more accurately. In Exp. 3, effects of feedback from readers were examined. Ninth-grade students, 22 boys and 34 girls, participated as writers and 7th-grade students, 22 boys and 34 girls, participated as readers. Merely being told to attend to an audience did not improve the quality of texts written by 9th-grade students. However, feedback from the readers who were 7th-grade students was effective. Writers could revise the texts appropriately according to feedback and improve the quality of texts. In addition, the experience of revising the text according to feedback transferred to later writing. Educational implications of the results are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Relation of hand performance and preference in male and female left-handers to familial sinistrality and writing hand.

The relations of hand performance to the degree of left-hand preference, and left- minus right-hand performance were studied in left-handed male and female subjects considering familial sinistrality and writing hand. Hand performance was assessed by a dot-filling test; hand preference was assessed by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. It was established that there were fundamental differences in relationships between performance and preference measures to sex, familial sinistrality, and writing hand, which also created different patterns in the relationships between hand performance and the difference in performance between hands.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

How to write your first book.

Many doctors have, at some time or other, the idea of writing a book. This article considers some of the practical problems involved, including dealing with publishers, the formulation of a book proposal, writing individual chapters and desirable features of computer software.

Books↗

PubMed1992

The paperless essay: one way to teach writing and computer skills in medical school.

We designed an assignment for first-year medical students that included instruction in writing and in computer use, two important subjects that are usually neglected in the traditional curriculum. As part of a neuroscience course, students wrote an essay using a word processor and submitted it to the instructor via the campus computer network. If requested by the instructor, the students submitted a revision of their essays without a grade penalty. As a result of completing the assignment, students learned the importance of revision and were stimulated to learn more about computers. With only slight modification of medical school courses, faculty can place more emphasis on writing skills and computer literacy.

Computer Literacy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Writing for publication in biomedical journals.

Although not as significant as the dissemination of your results, the sense of accomplishment associated with publishing a manuscript in a medical journal is a welcome reward for working through the research process. Three basic strategies will help you produce a better manuscript. Careful consideration of a target audience and adherence to the journal's instructions for authors is the first. Secondly, the manuscript must describe a well-designed and conscientiously conducted study. No amount of creative writing can disguise a poorly designed study. Lastly, writing to inform rather than to impress, and doing so using clear and purposeful prose that is accurate and concise, is crucial. Adherence to these strategies will guide you in your work and will ultimately lead to successful publication.

Authorship↗

PubMed1994

Temporal invariance for picture-word translation: evidence from drawing-writing and naming-reading tasks.

In two experiments, picture-word processing was investigated using graphic (drawing-writing) and verbal (naming-reading) production tasks. In both experiments, the subjects drew a picture or wrote a word upon presentation of a picture or a word stimulus. Additionally, the subjects in Experiment 2 named a picture or read a word stimulus. Production onset latency was assessed. In both experiments, drawing production was initiated more slowly than was writing production. In Experiment 2, graphic production was initiated more slowly than was verbal production. Equivalent latency increases were found for cross-modality trials (e.g., drawing a picture given a word stimulus) relative to within-modality trials (e.g., drawing a picture given a picture stimulus), independent of stimulus modality (word or picture), production modality (word or picture), or task (graphic or verbal production). These results strongly support a mathematical model which incorporates temporal invariance for pictures and words concerning encoding, cross-modality transfer, and retrieval.

Attention↗

PubMed2003

Read all about it: writing health articles for the student newspaper.

The thrust of health care is prevention. Individuals are encouraged to become better informed about health issues and to assume more responsibility for their own health. Health has become a popular topic in the press, on radio and television, and on the Internet. Like other health care professionals, nurses are placing increased emphasis on health promotion and consumer education. Expanding the nurse educator role means oral and written communication skills are assuming greater importance, and nursing students need the opportunity to continuously develop these skills as part of their educational experience. Writing for the student newspaper gives students the opportunity to broaden and improve their writing skills and to share their expertise while promoting health.

Communication↗

PubMed1999

[Mood congruency and incongruency effects on sentence writing].

This study investigated the influence of positive and negative moods on sentence writing. Short animated video clips, inducing either a positive or negative mood, were shown to 60 female undergraduates. Then, they wrote five sentences under one of two conditions: the sentences were to begin with "I" or "M" (a third person) as the subject. Main results were as follows: with the first person pronoun as the subject, the negative mood group showed a mood-congruency effect for the first sentence, and a mood-incongruency effect for the second to fifth sentence, with "M" as the sentence subject, the negative mood group showed a mood-incongruency effect for all the five sentences. The positive mood group showed a mood-congruency effect for all the sentences, regardless of "I" or "M" condition. Furthermore, under "I" condition, the students in the negative mood group reported their desire to change their mood. It is concluded that mood-incongruency effect on writing depended on the subject of the sentence.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Successful proposal writing.

Skillful proposal writing is an art of persuasive communication that can be an asset for therapists who must cope with recent cuts in government and private support. This article provides an overview of funding agencies, the basic principles of proposal writing, and the components of a proposal. Even rejection of a proposal can be educational and can contribute to eventual mastery.

Research Support as Topic↗

PubMed1990

A sensorimotor program for improving writing readiness skills in elementary-age children.

This article discusses a writing readiness program used with three groups of children aged 5 to 7 years. The program combines occupational therapy treatment with a supplementary program implemented by school personnel or parents. The Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration-Revised (Beery, 1982) was used to measure the developmental level of the children's writing readiness skills before and after treatment. The group of children with a significant verbal performance IQ discrepancy (greater than 15 points) showed a 17-month growth in readiness skills within 1 year. The group of children with mental retardation (IQ less than 80) showed a significant sex effect: The boys showed more gains than the girls. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Child↗

PubMed2005

Reflections on how to write and organise a research thesis.

Writing up research projects and presenting a thesis are among the most challenging and time-consuming elements of the research process. The authors provide a structured guideline to help students, particularly those undertaking Master's degrees while still practising in clinical areas, to overcome the challenges of writing their thesis and produce a cogent, logical and reflective piece of work.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Assignment writing skills.

This article offers students on diploma and degree courses a constructive step-by-step guide to planning, writing and critically reviewing their module assignment papers. Guidance is accompanied by a selection of practical activities designed to enhance students' information gathering and assignment writing skills.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1999

Extensive writing projects: tips for completing them on time.

Have you considered writing a book, preparing a grant, editing a "topic" issue for a journal, or completing a thesis or dissertation? Some nurse authors are interested in large projects like these, but hesitate because of the project size. This experienced author, who has just finished her eighth book, gives you tips for completing extensive writing projects on time.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

Writing organization and funder profiles for a grant proposal.

Writing profiles that catch the uniqueness of your organization and of the foundation from which you would like to receive a grant are essential to developing the right fit between the organization and funder. This author, an experienced grant writer, describes how to write both an organization and a foundation profile that will guide you in successfully raising money for an innovative project.

Foundations↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Grant writing in the home health arena: the proposal.

If at first you don't get funded, try, try, try again. Match your program with another funder. Some funders, such as private foundations, have ongoing deadlines. Grant funding is extremely competitive and can be political. Network with funders. Also network with board members, businesses, etc., who may know someone who serves on the grant funders review committee. Take a grant writing workshop and have your proposal reviewed by someone who can provide feedback. Gather grant-writing resources in the form of books, workshop materials, and Websites. Lastly, try to keep abreast of the trends in the grant field. The latest trend I have heard is an interest in having the problem statement become more positive. Focus on the strengths upon which you can build rather than the weaknesses of a community. Grant money is available from many resources in differing amounts. Test your ability at a local level. Begin developing a track record, then work to the state and federal levels. It is an exciting and challenging opportunity to better your community.

Community Health Nursing↗

PubMed1999

[Writing and publication of a medical article].

To advance in their strategies to manage patients, clinicians need new research results. To be accessible, medical research must be published. Writing and publishing medical articles should respect principles that are described in this article. Good writing is based on a logical organization and the application of scientific style. Organization according to the IMRD structure (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion) allows one to present the reasons for and objectives of the study (Introduction), details on whatever has been done to answer the question (Methods), data on the actual study population and answers to the main question (Results), and a critical appraisal of these results, given the limits of the study and current knowledge (Discussion). The main elements of scientific style are precision, clarity, fluidity and concision. Finally, submitting a paper to a scientific journal implies presenting the work in a covering letter and respecting rules for formatting a manuscript (order of presentation, typography, etc.).

Guidelines as Topic↗

PubMed1999

Getting heard: writing opinion pieces for the newspaper.

Many nurse authors think about writing in terms of articles or book chapters. Skilled writers should also consider writing letters to the editor and short opinion pieces as a way to promote nursing and educate the public. In this article, the author shares tips on getting letters to the editor or short opinion articles published in local or national newspapers.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reflective writing: a strategy to foster critical inquiry in undergraduate nursing students.

Whilst nursing has recognised the importance of reflective practitioners, few strategies designed to achieve this outcome are currently apparent in nursing education literature. Writing, forwarded as one way to enhance the development of critical thinking and reflection in undergraduate nursing students, is the focus of this article. The article describes a project undertaken to explore the ways writing could be incorporated into an undergraduate curriculum as a strategy to enhance and extend personal and professional meaning-making. It examines a number of strategies utilised in the project and offers some insightful understandings developed by the team.

Curriculum↗