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PubMed1989

Construct validity of the adapted Questionnaire on Resources and Stress--short form.

The concurrent validity of the adapted version of Holroyd's (1982) short form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS) was examined with a sample of 103 mothers of children with mild to severe disabilities. A correlation matrix was generated using the QRS adapted short form total, its seven component factors, and six criterion measures. Results revealed significant relations among the criterion measures and their target factors as well as concurrence for the internal validity of the instrument.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

A new, short family function assessment questionnaire for use in family medical practice in Israel: construction, validation and preliminary application.

This report describes the compilation and initial steps in the field testing of a new questionnaire intended for Israeli family physicians wishing to rapidly assess the general level of family functioning of their patients as part of everyday routine history taking in practice. The questionnaire was shown to have reasonable reliability and validity in a nonrepresentative sample of 140 married Israeli adults in three different family medicine practices. The questionnaire yielded a sum score ranging from 0 to 20. Preliminary estimates, based on a comparison of the sum score of each patient's questionnaire with the doctor's assessment of the family's functioning, suggest that patients of families with poor function score 11 or less, with satisfactory function 12 to 17, and with good function more than 17. These ranges require further refinement and standardization by testing the questionnaire among other groups of the Israeli population.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Differences in memory retrieval: a construct validity investigation.

Long-term memory retrieval efficiency was investigated as a potential underlying source of individual and developmental differences in cognitive functioning. Fourth-grade, eighth-grade, and college-aged subjects participated in a task using the Posner letter-matching paradigm. Letter pairs were presented simultaneously under physical-match and name-match instruction conditions. Reaction times were used to estimate parameters of long-term memory retrieval efficiency, basic encoding, decision, and response time, and name and physical output interference. Psychometric tests of verbal and spatial ability were included to assess convergent and discriminant validity of hypothesized relationships between aptitude test performance and basic cognitive processes. Developmental differences were observed in most but not all of the processing variables. Individual difference analyses indicated that less confounded estimates of processing parameters were not systematically related to verbal ability at any age level. Basic encoding and response speed was the most consistent correlate of spatial ability. The results suggest difficulties in previous interpretations of NIPI-verbal ability relationships. The study of cognitive processes in interaction and embedded in meaningful tasks is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The concurrent and construct validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale among at-risk adolescent males.

Investigated the empirical validity of the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale as a measure of alcohol abuse and a bipolar personality dimension, hypothesized by MacAndrew (1979) to mediate addiction-proneness among males, in a sample of N = 160 adolescent male offenders, who were classified according to pattern of alcohol intoxication. Classification accuracy was comparable to studies of adult males, e.g., 75% correct, but only 53.1% correct for marijuana use. There were significant personality differences (as measured by the California Psychological Inventory) between true positives and false negatives. As predicted, the true positive group resembled the Emotional Extraversion (Secondary Psychopathy) character orientation. Contrary to predictions, the false negative group did not resemble the Emotional Introversion (Dysthymic or Neurotic) character orientation, although they were more inhibited, less angry, and less inclined to antisocial acts than were true positives. Some observed differences in reported uses of alcohol were unexpected, e.g., true positives were more inclined to drink when they were coping with feelings of inadequacy, dysphoric affect, or interpersonal problems. Some limitations of the test when used with young males were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Concepts of Schizo-affective psychoses. History, construct validity and some empirical data.

After offering a brief survey of some major unresolved contradictions in the field of clinical psychiatry, the author looks over the historical development of syndromatological entities related to the so-called schizo-affective psychoses. These syndromes were described with reference to somatogenic, endogenous, and psychogenic psychoses and as (relatively) distinct entities, respectively. For grasping these syndromes as independent entities it seems to be necessary to take into account a few holistic characteristics and to put aside the 'mixture model' while making research diagnostic criteria.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Indices of pain intensity: construct validity among preschoolers.

The methodologic study addressed the validity of subjective, physiologic, behavioral, and maternal indicators of pain intensity among 149 preschoolers who received immunizations at four clinics in the Southwest. Instruments used to measure children's responses included the Global Mood Scale (GMS) to measure anxiety, apical heart rate to measure physiologic response, the Wong and Baker Faces Scale to measure psychologic response, and the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (CHEOPS) to measure behavioral response. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure mothers' perceptions of their children's pain. Results demonstrated correlations ranging between r = .27 to r = .44, p < .01 among the child's physiologic response to pain, the child's behavioral activity, and the mother's perception of pain. Correlations ranged from r = .26 to r = .30, p < .01, n = 144 among the child's verbal report of pain as measured by the Faces Scale, the mother's perception of pain, and the child's behavioral activity. The child's behavioral activity, mother's perception, and change in heart rate correlated positively with the child's anxiety. Children discriminated between anxiety and pain using the Faces Scale. More than one method may be required to fully assess the pain intensity experience by young children.

Age Factors↗