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At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The medical communications officer. A resource for data collection, quality management and medical control.

Pinellas County EMS' Medical Communications Officers provide a wide variety of services to patients, field clinicians, managers and their medical director. The concurrent data collection processes used in the MCO program for performance measurement of resuscitation efforts, intubations, submersion incidents and aeromedical transports for trauma cases have been very effective in the integration of data from multiple computer databases and telephone follow-ups with field crews and receiving emergency department staffs. This has facilitated significant improvements in the performance of these and many other aspects of our EMS system.

Administrative Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Development and use of a population based injury surveillance system: the all Wales Injury Surveillance System (AWISS).

This report details the development and use of a population based emergency room surveillance system in the UK. Despite some difficulties in accessing high quality data the system has stimulated a considerable number of research and intervention projects. While surveillance systems with high quality data collection and coding parameters remain the gold standard, imperfect systems, particularly if population based, can play a substantial part in stimulating injury prevention initiatives.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2004

The Swiss-Prot protein knowledgebase and ExPASy: providing the plant community with high quality proteomic data and tools.

The Swiss-Prot protein knowledgebase provides manually annotated entries for all species, but concentrates on the annotation of entries from model organisms to ensure the presence of high quality annotation of representative members of all protein families. A specific Plant Protein Annotation Program (PPAP) was started to cope with the increasing amount of data produced by the complete sequencing of plant genomes. Its main goal is the annotation of proteins from the model plant organism Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition to bibliographic references, experimental results, computed features and sometimes even contradictory conclusions, direct links to specialized databases connect amino acid sequences with the current knowledge in plant sciences. As protein families and groups of plant-specific proteins are regularly reviewed to keep up with current scientific findings, we hope that the wealth of information of Arabidopsis origin accumulated in our knowledgebase, and the numerous software tools provided on the Expert Protein Analysis System (ExPASy) web site might help to identify and reveal the function of proteins originating from other plants. Recently, a single, centralized, authoritative resource for protein sequences and functional information, UniProt, was created by joining the information contained in Swiss-Prot, Translation of the EMBL nucleotide sequence (TrEMBL), and the Protein Information Resource-Protein Sequence Database (PIR-PSD). A rising problem is that an increasing number of nucleotide sequences are not being submitted to the public databases, and thus the proteins inferred from such sequences will have difficulties finding their way to the Swiss-Prot or TrEMBL databases.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2004

Cross-site comparison of gene expression data reveals high similarity.

Consistency and coherence of gene expression data across multiple sites depends on several factors such as platform (oligo, cDNA, etc.), environmental conditions at each laboratory, and data quality. The Hepatotoxicity Working Group of the International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute consortium on the application of genomics to mechanism-based risk assessment is investigating these factors by comparing high-density gene expression data sets generated on two sets of RNA from methapyrilene (MP) experiments conducted at Abbott Laboratories and Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. using a single platform (Affymetrix Rat Genome U34A GeneChip) at seven different sites. This article focuses on the evaluation of data quality and statistical models that facilitate the comparison of such data sets at the probe level. We present methods for exploring and quantitatively assessing differences in the data, with the principal goal being the generation of lists of site-insensitive genes responsive to low and high doses of MP. A combination of numerical and graphical techniques reveals important patterns and partitions of variability in the data, including the magnitude of the site effects. Although the site effects are significantly large in the analysis results, they appear to be primarily additive and therefore can be adjusted in the statistical calculations in a way that does not bias conclusions regarding treatment differences.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Performance of techniques for measurement of therapeutic drugs in serum. A comparison based on external quality assessment data.

Ten assay techniques were compared using measurements of a range of 15 drugs spiked in freeze-dried samples of serum reported to the Heathcontrol External Quality Assessment Scheme between November 1988 and January 1991. Three measures of performance were studied: frequency of outliers greater than 3 standard deviations from the sample mean, the coefficient of variation (CV) of sample measurements, and the difference of the sample mean from the spike value. The most consistently precise technique was polarisation fluoroimmunoassay (PFIA). It was in the group of techniques producing significantly fewer outliers and lower CVs than other techniques for all its target analytes. However, a specific interaction with the animal serum used as sample matrix resulted in significant negative bias in PFIA measurements of carbamazepine. Other immunoassay techniques and high-performance liquid chromatography also performed well for a range of analytes, in most cases giving less than 6% of outliers with CVs of less than 13% and less than 5% bias. The least satisfactory techniques were nephelometry and gas-liquid chromatography with derivatisation, which for several analytes gave significantly more outliers and higher CV values than other techniques. In samples containing carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide, immunoassay measurements of carbamazepine showed cross-reactivity with the epoxide metabolite of between 7 and 15%.

Carbamazepine↗
PubMed2006

PRIMA: peptide robust identification from MS/MS spectra.

In proteomics, tandem mass spectrometry is the key technology for peptide sequencing. However, partially due to the deficiency of peptide identification software, a large portion of the tandem mass spectra are discarded in almost all proteomics centers because they are not interpretable. The problem is more acute with the lower quality data from low end but more popular devices such as the ion trap instruments. In order to deal with the noisy and low quality data, this paper develops a systematic machine learning approach to construct a robust linear scoring function, whose coefficients are determined by a linear programming. A prototype, PRIMA, was implemented. When tested with large benchmarks of varying qualities, PRIMA consistently has higher accuracy than commonly used software MASCOT, SEQUEST and X! Tandem.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

An examination of the hexokinase method for serum glucose assay using external quality assessment data.

Hexokinase methods for serum glucose assay appeared to give slightly but consistently higher inter-laboratory coefficients of variation than all methods combined in the UK External Quality Assessment Scheme; their performance over a two-year period was therefore compared with that for three groups of glucose oxidase methods. This assessment showed no intrinsic inferiority in the hexokinase method. The greater variation may be due to the more heterogeneous group of instruments, particularly discrete analysers, on which the method is used. The Beckman Glucose Analyzer and Astra group (using a glucose oxidase method) showed the least inter-laboratory variability but also the lowest mean value. No comment is offered on the absolute accuracy of any of the methods.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2006

Statistical analysis of real-time PCR data.

BACKGROUND: Even though real-time PCR has been broadly applied in biomedical sciences, data processing procedures for the analysis of quantitative real-time PCR are still lacking; specifically in the realm of appropriate statistical treatment. Confidence interval and statistical significance considerations are not explicit in many of the current data analysis approaches. Based on the standard curve method and other useful data analysis methods, we present and compare four statistical approaches and models for the analysis of real-time PCR data. RESULTS: In the first approach, a multiple regression analysis model was developed to derive DeltaDeltaCt from estimation of interaction of gene and treatment effects. In the second approach, an ANCOVA (analysis of covariance) model was proposed, and the DeltaDeltaCt can be derived from analysis of effects of variables. The other two models involve calculation DeltaCt followed by a two group t-test and non-parametric analogous Wilcoxon test. SAS programs were developed for all four models and data output for analysis of a sample set are presented. In addition, a data quality control model was developed and implemented using SAS. CONCLUSION: Practical statistical solutions with SAS programs were developed for real-time PCR data and a sample dataset was analyzed with the SAS programs. The analysis using the various models and programs yielded similar results. Data quality control and analysis procedures presented here provide statistical elements for the estimation of the relative expression of genes using real-time PCR.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

The role of the chief information officer in the health care organization in the 1990s.

During the next decade, the role of the CIO will change in two major areas: 1. The relative importance of the CIO as the person who translates business and clinical needs into information technology ideas will diminish. Although this portion of the CIO role will not disappear, this role will be increasingly filled by senior management, clinicians, and other members of the hospital staff. 2. The CIO role will need to shift from an emphasis on managing implementations and projects to developing and advancing the infrastructure. CIOs need to distinguish between the expression of the asset (the application portfolio) and the information technology infrastructure (the remaining four components of the asset). While being pressured to deliver more applications, they can fail to invest in and manage the infrastructure. This is a mistake. By neglecting management of and investment in the infrastructure (e.g., staff training and data quality) or by failing to take advantage of new technologies, they can hinder the ability of an organization to deliver superior applications. Poor data quality will cripple an executive information system and a too-permissive stance toward hardware and operating system heterogeneity will hinder the ability to deliver a computerized patient record. Although some management of the infrastructure is in place, in general it is insufficient. Few organizations have both a distinct data management function and a technical architecture plan, and also develop and enforce key technical, data, and development standards. This insufficiency will hinder their ability to effectively and efficiently apply their information technology infrastructure. The role of the CIO will evolve due to several powerful forces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed2006

Quality measurement across borders: needs and options.

It is very clear that, when given a choice, patients will travel across national borders to obtain healthcare. Cost, access and proximity are the most frequently sited reasons. It is less clear however, to policy makers, the payer for the services and health professionals, what the level of quality will be when patients cross borders. The traditional regulatory approaches such as licensure, accreditation and certification vary within and between countries, and private sector approaches to quality vary as frequently. The source of this variation is that private and public quality evaluation systems vary widely and produce non-comparable quality data. A survey conducted by Joint Commission International demonstrated wide country variation exists in use of the electronic medical record, the best source of quality data and in the collection of adverse event information, a rich source for understanding the frequency and type of unwanted events. The use of international standards that focus on the processes that most directly determine outcomes is described for understanding risks and quality across borders.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1995

Constituting a receptor-ligand information base from quality-enriched data.

Many different resources are needed for analyzing relevant experimental data in drug design. Currently this data is difficult to access, because it is stored in heterogeneous databases, spread over many platforms, poorly interconnected, incomplete, erroneous, or just not electronically available. In order to establish a high quality database for drug design we have developed a new demand-driven methodology for integrating and semantically enriching heterogeneous data from different research areas and for migrating the data into an object-oriented database management system. In this way we have established a database containing well-prepared, relevant data needed for drug design and offering the advantages of modern database technology, like a comprehensive object-oriented data model, a flexible declarative query language and support for persistent storage and sharing of data in a multi-user environment.

Amino Acid Sequence↗