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PubMed2004

High-speed treadmill videoendoscopic examination of the upper respiratory tract in the horse: the results of 291 clinical cases.

The purpose of the study was to describe the prevalence of upper airway abnormalities and establish if any significant associations existed between study variables and the two most frequently identified disorders; axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds and dorsal displacement of the soft palate. The clinical records and video-recordings of all horses referred for upper respiratory tract evaluation during high-speed treadmill videoendoscopy between November 1997 and September 2003 were reviewed. Of 291 horses included in the study, 265 underwent resting endoscopy and 42% (112/265) had a recognised abnormality. More than one abnormality was identified in 49% of horses. In general, horses referred specifically for evaluation of a respiratory tract noise were more likely to have an abnormality detected during exercise than those referred for high-speed treadmill videoendoscopy for poor performance (82% versus 49%). Axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (105/192, 55%) was the most common abnormality identified, followed by dorsal displacement of the soft palate (74/192, 39%) and idiopathic left laryngeal hemiplegia (65/192, 34%). Other abnormalities identified included arytenoid collapse, vocal fold collapse, dynamic pharyngeal collapse, epiglottic fold entrapment, epiglottic retroversion, rostral displacement of the palatopharyngeal arch and right laryngeal hemiplegia. In horses with axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds there was a significant association between the increasing severity of the deviation and the increasing number of abnormalities detected. There were no other associations found. High-speed treadmill videoendoscopy is an important component of the evaluation of poor performance, particularly in horses with a history of respiratory noise. The occurrence of multiple abnormalities in a large proportion of horses suggests that high-speed treadmill videoendoscopy should be recommended, where possible, to make an accurate diagnosis, advise on appropriate treatment options and provide a prognosis for affected horses.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

A case of primary bone lymphoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A 33-year old man with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was admitted to Severance hospital following 1 year of diarrhea and 2 to 3 months of low sternal pain. The patient had progressive generalized lymphadenopathy for the previous 3 years. Whole body bone scan for evaluation of bone pain showed multiple abnormal hot uptakes at the low sternal body and T8 and T10 vertebra. Chest CT showed multifocal cortical erosion of the bone with soft tissue mass at the low sternal body and spine MRI showed multiple low-signal density in T1WI and high-signal density in T2WI at the T8 and T10 vertebral body. Biopsy was performed at the sternochondral junction and it showed high-grade malignant lymphoma of the large cell immunoblastic type. Immunostaining showed positive for the B-cell markers (CD79a and L26) and negative for the T-cell marker (UCHL1). Radiotherapy of 3,000 cGy was delivered to the sternum and vertebra. Since then, systemic chemotherapy with m-BACOD regimen (except dexamethasone) and anti-retroviral therapy with a combination of 3 drugs (didanosine, lamivudine, indinavir) has been performed. This is the first case report of primary bone lymphoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Korea.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Birth prevalence of five congenital abnormalities of medium frequency in Budapest.

In Budapest, 1970-1977, the birth prevalence of isolated renal agenesis, exomphalos-omphalocele, anal atresia, tracheo-oesophageal fistula with oesophageal atresia or stenosis, and diaphragmatic hernia was 0.23, 0.20, 0.18, 0.18 and 0.16, respectively, per 1000 total births. The birth prevalences of multiple abnormalities which were sharply distinguished from the isolated cases were in the order of the above-mentioned abnormalities 0.13, 0.19, 0.18, 0.14 and 0.19, respectively, per 1000 total births. The last ones are partly associations (e.g. VAcTERL) and partly random combinations. The rates of the capital Budapest might be representative for the birth prevalences of these congenital abnormalities in Hungary in the 1970's.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed1989

Peripheral neurogenic mechanisms in deoxycorticosterone acetate--salt hypertension in the rat.

The finding of elevated circulating catecholamine levels in experimental and human hypertension suggests an active sympathoadrenal participation in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) the sympathoadrenal reactivity was found to be potentiated in response to various stimuli suggesting alterations in baroreflex functions or in local modulatory mechanisms. Several studies have suggested an attenuation of the alpha 2-presynaptic or local inhibitory mechanism and a potentiation of the beta 2-facilitatory presynaptic mechanism in the peripheral sympathetic system, thus possibly explaining the potentiated sympathoadrenal reactivity in those hypertensive animals. At postsynaptic adrenergic sites, beta-adrenoceptor numbers were reported to be decreased, whereas alpha 1-adrenoceptor numbers were unchanged in the cardiovascular system of DOCA hypertensive rats, thus favoring a dominance of alpha 1-postsynaptic responses in those animals. In support of this concept, the production of inositol monophosphate, used as an index of inositol triphosphate production, was found to be markedly enhanced following norepinephrine-induced alpha 1-stimulation in atria and ventricles as well as in mesenteric and femoral arteries of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats thus suggesting an increased reactivity of the second messenger system linked to alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Since similar abnormalities were also observed in SHR and in human hypertension, it thus appears that an imbalance between alpha- and beta-postsynaptic receptors may exist in various forms of hypertension. These studies therefore suggest the existence of multiple abnormalities in pre- and post-synaptic adrenergic mechanisms in experimental and human hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Desoxycorticosterone↗

PubMed1992

[Contribution of a hematologic cytogenetic laboratory to the diagnosis, classification and prognosis of various hematologic malignancies].

The presence of an haematological cytogenetic laboratory into a clinical unit allowed to realize a close collaboration between clinicians and cytogeneticists, and to achieve a maximal exploitation of the results of the bone marrow cytogenetic studies in some haematological malignancies. It made it possible to perform sequential bone marrow karyotypes studies during the different phases of a disease: We could thus establish: The diagnostic value of cytogenetic findings for chronic myelocytic leukaemia, secondary acute leukaemia, but not for dysglobulinemias. The prognostic value of cytogenetic abnormalities in chronic myelocytic leukaemia where additional abnormalities to the Ph1 are a hallmark of blastic transformation; in primitive dysmyelopoiesis where they represent a bad prognostic factor; in dysglobulinemias, where they are a signal of terminal evolution. In all these diseases, only complex and multiple abnormalities have a prognostic significance pointing out the emergence of a malignant clone, where as rare and single abnormalities are of no significance. Nowadays, haematological cytogenetic must be bound to molecular biology.

Cytogenetics↗

PubMed2005

The Syk tyrosine kinase localizes to the centrosomes and negatively affects mitotic progression.

We showed previously that the spleen tyrosine kinase Syk is expressed by mammary epithelial cells and that it suppresses malignant growth of breast cancer cells. The exact molecular mechanism of its tumor-suppressive activity remains, however, to be identified. Here, we show that Syk colocalizes and copurifies with the centrosomal component gamma-tubulin and exhibits a catalytic activity within the centrosomes. Moreover, its centrosomal localization depends on its intact kinase activity. Centrosomal Syk expression is persistent in interphase but promptly drops during mitosis, obviously resulting from its ubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation. Conversely, unrestrained exogenous expression of a fluorescently tagged Discosoma sp. red fluorescent protein (DsRed)-Syk chimera engenders abnormal cell division and cell death. Transient DsRed-Syk overexpression triggers an abrupt cell death lacking hallmarks of classic apoptosis but reminiscent of mitotic catastrophe. Surviving stable DsRed-Syk-transfected cells exhibit multipolar mitotic spindles and contain multiple abnormally sized nuclei and supernumerary centrosomes, revealing anomalous cell division. Taken together, these results show that Syk is a novel centrosomal kinase that negatively affects cell division. Its expression is strictly controlled in a spatiotemporal manner, and centrosomal Syk levels need to decline to allow customary progression of mitosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Imaging of propagated sites of epileptic discharges in repeated 123I-IMP SPECT scans.

Single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) brain scans with N-isopropyl-(iodine-123-p-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) were performed twice at an interval of about 2.5 years in the interictal period in an adult patient with occipital-lobe epilepsy. The first SPECT scan showed an abnormal image of decreased 123I-IMP uptake in the right occipital lobe. This abnormal image was regarded as the primary focus of his epilepsy on the basis of its regional agreement with right-occipital spikes consistently seen in interictal electroencephalographic recordings throughout his clinical history. In the second scan, he showed multiple abnormal images of decreased uptake in the right frontotemporal lobes and left occipital lobe together with the right occipital lobe. These additional abnormal images were considered to be propagated sites of epileptic discharges.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Chromosomal abnormalities in the newborn period.

Chromosomal abnormalities account for a significant percentage of congenital malformations in the neonate. While some of the syndromes can be suspected on clinical grounds, the clinician will need to have a high index of suspicion based on the presence of multiple abnormalities that cannot be accounted for by other causes. Chromosome analysis should be performed promptly in these cases. Cultured lymphocytes are the standard preparation at present. However, new non-isotopic hybridization techniques are becoming available that allow analysis of interphase cells, and these may become more widely used as clinical experience with them is gained. Prognosis can usually be better defined once the chromosome analysis is complete. The information acquired may also be used to provide risk estimates for chromosomal abnormalities in future pregnancies of the parents of the affected infant and for other relatives. Empathetic counseling of the parents and family must be provided once the diagnosis is known. It must take into account the knowledge the chromosome analysis provides, be respectful of the parent's need for support, and be accurate as to prognosis of the condition diagnosed. When Down syndrome and Turner syndrome have been diagnosed, care must be taken to emphasize the positive aspects of the prognosis. When a chromosomal abnormality with an extremely poor prognosis is identified, support for withdrawal of medical intervention must be sensitively provided. The diagnosis and care of an infant with a chromosomal abnormality will challenge all of the pediatrician's diagnostic, therapeutic, and communication skills.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Molecular genetic alterations as potential prognostic indicators in colorectal carcinoma.

The molecular genetic alterations in colorectal carcinoma are among the best understood of any common human cancer. Identified abnormalities include both dominant-acting oncogenes (ras, myc, src) and suppressor genes which undergo inactivation or deletion (deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene [DCC], p53, adenomatous polyposis coli gene [APC], and probably loci on chromosomes 1p and 22q). Accumulation of multiple abnormalities is evident in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence with a preferential order, and alteration of DNA methylation is an especially early event. Identification of molecular genetic markers useful for classification and staging of colorectal carcinoma is in its infancy. Deletion of the p53 gene on chromosome 17p, deletion of the DCC gene on 18q, and high fractional allelic loss (fraction of evaluable nonacrocentric autosomal arms with deletion) have been associated with distant metastases and with poorer prognosis in patients without initial evidence of disseminated disease. Additional studies are needed to determine the possible role of these alterations in clinical management.

Chromosome Deletion↗

PubMed1988

Random urine bile acids in prediction of liver abnormality in asymptomatic alcoholics.

We evaluated bile acids for prediction of abnormal serum liver profile in a random sample of urine (URNBA). Seventy-four subjects with excessive alcohol intake, self-referred for outpatient detoxification, had no history or physical findings of liver disease. Surprisingly, in 49% (36/74) of alcoholics, two or more of these were elevated: serum bile acids, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and/or total bilirubin. All subjects were subdivided into 39 URNBA normal and 35 URNBA abnormal, using 2.6 mumol/g of creatinine as a dividing value. Serum tests confirmed the subgrouping made with URNBA. Compared with alanine aminotransferase, URNBA had better sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy predicting abnormal serum bile acids, AST, and alkaline phosphatase values. A predictive potential for a multivariate discriminant function of laboratory tests, known to best identify biopsy-documented mild liver disease, was only mildly inferior for URNBA when compared with AST. Multiple abnormalities of liver test results are unexpectedly frequent in asymptomatic alcoholics. The URNBA are helpful in the detection of liver abnormality in its clinically latent phase, because of the convenience of testing a spot sample of urine.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Widespread radiopacity of jaw bones in familial adenomatosis coli.

Abnormalities of jaw bones and teeth were evaluated in 37 patients with familial adenomatosis coli (FAC) by means of orthopantomography. Osteomatous radiopaque lesions were evident in 75.7 percent of FAC patients (focal type: 62.2% and wide spread type: 13.5%), odontomes in 29.7% peripheral osteomas in 13.5%, unerupted teeth in 16.2% and supernumerary unerupted teeth in 16.2%. Five of the 37 FAC patients had an unusual widespread type of radiopacity with other abnormalities. Combined abnormalities were most frequent in patients with this type in comparison with patients with the focal type. Osteomas and peripheral osteomas were revealed in this type with statistical significance. Biopsy performed in one patient revealed an osteoma. These results suggest that the multiple abnormalities seen in oral X-ray examination may predict the occult existence of familial adenomatosis coli and these widespread radiopaque lesions probably represent the most extensive manifestation of FAC.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Changes in radiographic abnormalities in organ donors: associations with lung transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Only 20% of organ donors are considered suitable for lung transplantation. No extensive study exists that has evaluated changes in thoracic radiographic abnormalities in organ donors. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of radiographic abnormalities on successful transplantation. METHODS: In a retrospective survey of 110 organ donors, chest radiographs (N = 417) taken during the initial 24 hours after admission and just before organ harvest were evaluated for 9 radiographic criteria, radiographic diagnoses and clinical characteristics and their association with lung transplantation. RESULTS: Initial lung densities were present in 37% of lungs; there were bilateral infiltrates in 25% of cases. During evaluation (69.7 +/- 60 hours), 38% of right lungs and 28% of left lungs improved radiographically. Up to 51% of lungs with initial infiltrates resolved completely. Worsening of lung infiltrates was more common in the non-transplant group (p = 0.02); however, improvement in densities was not associated with transplantation (p = 0.6). Multivariate analysis determined that moderate and severe lung densities (OR 7.68, p = 0.01; OR 10.8, p = 0.004) and bilateral infiltrates (OR 4.79, p = 0.02) were independent predictors of rejection for transplantation. With densities removed from the model, the number of abnormal diagnoses on the final films was an independent predictor of rejection for transplantation (OR 3.23, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: More than 33% of proposed organ donors initially have lung infiltrates, with >33% showing improvement or resolution, but this improvement does not impact on procurement. Multiple abnormal radiographic diagnoses also contribute to transplant rejection.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Serum uric acid and related factors in 500 hospitalized subjects.

The study purpose was to determine the following in a large sample of hospitalized patients: (1) the prevalence of hyperuricemia, (2) the association of hyperuricemia with other metabolic disorders, and (3) the factors independently predicting hyperuricemia. Five hundred adult patients (250 men and 250 women) were randomly selected from those admitted as inpatients over a period of 5 months. In all patients, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and serum glucose, lipid, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and urate concentrations were measured. The presence of diseases or use of medications known to affect serum urate levels were recorded. The mean level of serum urate was 5.6 mg/dL in the whole sample, 6.0 mg/dL in men and 5.3 mg/dL in women (P = .003, men v women). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 27.6% (28.8% and 26.4% in men v women, P = nonsignificant). A definite or probable secondary hyperuricemia was found in 87.7% of the subjects. Hyperuricemia was rarely isolated (21%), whereas it was frequently associated with hypertension (60.1%), hyperlipidemia (31.2%), diabetes (28.3%), and obesity (21.7%). In 26.8% of the subjects, hyperuricemia was associated with two metabolic disorders, in 13.8% with three, and in 2.9% with four. Multiple metabolic disorders (three to four) were found in 16.7% of subjects with hyperuricemia. Serum urate levels progressively increased across a range of subjects from those without diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, or obesity to those with one, two, or a greater number of associated metabolic abnormalities. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that 43% of serum urate variability was explained by urea nitrogen levels, triglyceride levels, diuretic therapy, the inverse of creatinine (as an index linearly related to creatinine clearance), and BMI. These results indicate that in hospitalized subjects, hyperuricemia is (1) frequent, (2) a secondary phenomenon in most cases, and (3) frequently associated with other metabolic disorders. The major predictors of high serum urate levels are BMI, triglycerides, parameters of renal function, and use of diuretics. These variables explain a large proportion of serum urate variability.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

MRI of spring ligament tears.

OBJECTIVE: Surgical repair of the spring ligament is becoming recognized as an important management component of adult-acquired flatfoot, yet little literature exists on the MRI appearance of spring ligament abnormalities. In this article, we describe the MRI appearance of surgically proven spring ligament tears. CONCLUSION: MRI findings present in surgically proven spring ligament tears include an abnormal spring ligament caliber, signal intensity, waviness, a full-thickness gap, and posterior tibial tendonopathy. The finding unique to cases with surgically proven tears is a full-thickness gap in the ligament, seen in 79% of the cases in our series. When multiple abnormalities are seen in the spring ligament in conjunction with a full-thickness gap, the diagnosis of a tear can be made with confidence.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Implications of persistent T cell abnormalities for the etiology of Hodgkin's disease.

Untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease are known to have significant impairment of cellular immunity. Recent studies have demonstrated that effector T cells from these patients have increased sensitivity to the suppression mediated by two normal immunoregulatory cells, ie, suppressor monocytes and suppressor T cells. Thus, increased sensitivity to suppression may be a common cause of multiple abnormalities of cellular immunity. Patients achieving long-term disease-free survival after chemotherapy have also been studied. Although they are no longer anergic, they have persistent reductions in peripheral blood E rosettes and T cell proliferation. Increased sensitivity to suppressor monocytes and T cells also persists. These abnormalities do not appear to be caused by the treatment since they were not detected in diffuse histiocytic lymphoma patients surviving after similar chemotherapy. Immunologic studies in family members are required to determine whether these abnormalities are a permanent immunologic deficit acquired only with the development of Hodgkin's disease or an inherited characteristic that predisposes a patient to develop Hodgkin's disease.

Concanavalin A↗

PubMed1998

Sleep fragmentation in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize sleep patterns of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). METHODS: Sixteen patients with JRA aged 12+/-4 years and 9 controls aged 11+/-3 years underwent a comprehensive evaluation by self-report questionnaire and formal all night polysomnographic recordings. Multiple sleep latency test was performed in 7 patients. RESULTS: Patients had 90% more arousals and awakenings (p<0.01) and the median length of occurrences of uninterrupted sleep in stages 2 and 3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was 60% shorter than in controls (p<0.01). The overall amount of sleep stage shift from deeper to lighter sleep was 23.5+/-10.8 events in patients compared to 14.9+/-4.0 in controls (p<0.05). In 15 of 16 patients 15% of non-REM sleep consisted of alpha-delta (alpha-rating) sleep, compared with less than 1% in controls (p<0.001). Multiple sleep latency test for patients was 10.3+/-2.6 min. There were no differences between JRA and controls in self-reported questions. However, patients reported longer afternoon naps, 1.8+/-1.3 h compared to 0.3+/-0.8 h in controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Objective polysomnographic evidence of abnormal sleep has been confirmed in patients with JRA. Sleep disturbance was associated with daytime sleepiness as evidenced by abnormal multiple sleep latency test and longer afternoon naptime.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Morphological characterization of ejaculated cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) sperm.

The aim of this study was to give reference values for the frequency of morphological sperm abnormalities present in the semen from non-experimental cynomolgus monkeys as well as for the dimensions of sperm heads. Spermatozoa from the liquid portion of electroejaculates from 14 cynomolgus monkeys were air-dried as smears, fixed, and stained with Harris's Haematoxylin and subjected to visual analysis of morphology and computer-aided analysis of ten morphometric variables. The majority (83%) of sperm were morphologically normal. Tail defects were the most common (11%), and showed the highest variation between individuals, the values ranging between 4 and 23%. Head abnormalities consisted of large, tapering, and amorphous forms but were not frequent (0.4%), the values ranging between 0 and 1.3%. Midpiece imperfections were found in all the individuals; the mean percentage was 5%, and the range varied between 3 and 9%. Tail plus midpiece was the only multiple abnormality observed, with a mean value of 1.5% and a range between 0 and 8%. The majority of these double defects consisted of a coiled tail together with a coiled midpiece. Mean values for the morphometric parameters characterizing sperm heads were as follows: area 17.2 microm2, perimeter 15.2 microm, length 5.8 microm, width 4.0 microm, L/W ratio 1.5, gray-level 98, ellipticity 0.2, first shape factor 0.9, second shape factor 1.4, and third shape factor 1.1. Overall coefficients of variation for the majority of parameters were below 7%, showing the great homogeneity in the dimensions of cynomolgus sperm heads. Most useful parameters for sperm characterization, according to their low variability, were perimeter, length, width, L/W ratio, and shape factors. Differences in these parameters were, however, observed between monkeys.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Immunologic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome.

The chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), formerly known as chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome, is a clinical state of some complexity and uncertain etiology. In order to characterize in a comprehensive manner the status of laboratory markers associated with cellular immune function in patients with this syndrome, 30 patients with clinically defined CFS were studied. All of the subjects were found to have multiple abnormalities in these markers. The most consistent immunological abnormality detected among these patients, when compared with normal controls, was low natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. The number of NK cells, as defined by reactivity with monoclonal antibody NKH.1 (CD56), was elevated, but the killing of K562 tumor cells per CD56 cell was significantly diminished. Lymphoproliferative responses after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen were decreased in most patients when compared with those in normal controls, as was the production of gamma interferon following mitogen stimulation. Lymphocyte phenotypic marker analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed that there were significant differences between patients with CFS and controls. There was an increase in the percentage of suppressor-cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CD8, and a proportionally larger increase in the number of CD8 cells expressing the class II activation marker. Most patients had an elevated number of CD2 cells which expressed the activation marker CDw26. The numbers of CD4 cells and the helper subset of CD4+CD29+ cells in patients with CFS were not different from those in controls. There was, however, a significant decrease in the suppressor inducer subset of CD4+ CD45RA+ cells. The number of B cells, CD20 and CD21, were elevated, as were the numbers of a subset of B cells which coexpressed CD20 and CD5. The patterns of immune marker abnormalities observed was compatible with a chronic viral reactivation syndrome.

Adult↗