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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[A critical analysis of experimental models of alcoholic cardiomyopathy].

Numerous experimental data on alcoholic cardiomyopathy were reviewed and classified basing on the mode of alcohol taking: 1) voluntary alcoholization; 2) semivoluntary alcoholization; 3) forced introduction of alcohol. The advantages and shortcomings of the methods in similating alcoholic cardiomyopathy were assessed. Efforts were made to identify the underlying pathogenetic factors of the disease. The most perfect simulation was achieved in liquid alcohol diet (semivoluntary model) combined with inhibition of the defence enzymes of the myocardium, for instance, inhibition of catalase activity. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is shown to develop more rapidly in high doses of ethanol and long-lasting alcoholization.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hemispheric cerebral blood flow in various types of brain injuries].

The method of intravenous and inhalation administration of 133Xe was used to study the hemispheric cerebral blood flow in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma in 39 patients. The authors revealed the peculiarities of changes in cerebral hemodynamics depending on the type of the brain trauma (diffuse, localized contusions, compression of the brain by extracerebral hematomas). The prognostic significance of some parameters of hemispheric cerebral blood flow in various types of damage is determined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

The acute toxicity and primary irritancy of 1-propoxy-2-propanol.

1-Propoxy-2-propanol, a widely used industrial chemical, was found to have acute peroral LD50 values in the rat of 4.92 ml/kg (males) and 2.83 ml/kg (females), with the signs of systemic toxicity being principally related to narcosis. Acute percutaneous LD50 values in the rabbit (24-hr occluded) were 4.29 ml/kg (males) and 4.92 ml/kg (females); signs of systemic toxicity were related to narcosis, and local effects were severe inflammation and corrosion. There were signs of sensory irritation of the eye during a 6-hr exposure to a dynamically generated saturated vapor atmosphere, but no signs of toxicity during exposure or in a 14-hr day postexposure observation period. A 4-hr occluded cutaneous application with 0.5 ml PP in rabbits produced mild to moderate erythema and edema of about 3 days duration, but no signs of corrosion. Contamination of the eye (0.005 to 0.1 ml PP) produced moderate to severe conjunctivitis (hyperaemia and chemosis), with mild iritis and diffuse mild keratitis; spontaneously healing occurred within 3 days (0.005 ml) to 7 days (0.1 ml). The major acute hazards with PP are by swallowing, splash contamination of the eye, and sustained skin contact.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

Effect of corticosteroids on the toxic pulmonary oedema induced by nitrogen dioxide inhalation in the rat.

Various corticoid derivatives administered by inhalation or intraperitoneally were investigated for a preventive effect on the pulmonary oedema of the rat induced by the 30-min inhalation of 100-105 ppm NO2. After inhalational administration in the form of an aqueous aerosol, dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate showed a considerably greater efficacy than beclomethasone-17,21-dipropionate or dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen phosphate. With prophylactic intraperitoneal administration dexamethasone (free alcohol), dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen phosphate and 6 alpha-methylprednisolone-21-dihydrogen succinate had to be given in much higher doses than dexamethasone-21-isonicotinate to achieve the same effects on the toxic pulmonary oedema.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1987

The comparative acute toxicity and primary irritancy of the monohexyl ethers of ethylene and diethylene glycol.

Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether (EGHE) and diethylene glycol monohexyl ether (DGHE) are glycol ethers used as industrial solvents and coating materials, and whose acute handling hazards were investigated. Acute peroral LD50 values in the rat were for EGHE 1.67 ml/kg (males) and 0.83 ml/kg (females), and for DGHE 4.92 ml/kg (males) and 3.73 ml/kg (females). Acute percutaneous LD50 values in the rabbit were for EGHE 0.81 ml/kg (males) and 0.93 ml/kg (females), and for DGHE 2.14 ml/kg (males) and 2.37 ml/kg (females). There were neither deaths nor signs of toxicity or irritancy during or following a 6-hr exposure of rats to a statically generated substantially saturated vapor atmosphere from either EGHE or DGHE at ambient temperature. Occluded dermal application with 0.5 ml test material for 4-hr in rabbits produced moderate inflammation of several days duration, and half of the animals developed necrosis; with DGHE there was minor erythema and edema of about 24-hr duration. In the more demanding conditions of the acute percutaneous toxicity study (24-hr occlusions with up to 4.0 ml/kg) both EGHE and DGHE produced persistent erythema, edema, necrosis, and ecchymoses. Rabbit eye irritation studies showed severe effects (conjunctivitis and corneal injury) with both EGHE and DGHE. The major acute handling hazards with both EGHE and DGHE are by swallowing, sustained skin contact, and splash contamination of the eye.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1987

[Characteristics of the complex effect of benzo(a)pyrene on the body after simultaneous administration via the respiratory organs and digestive tract].

The data on the carcinogenic activity of different benz(a)pyrene (BP) doses depending on the mode of administration are presented. Carcinogen was introduced to 418 female mice in the doses from 0.5 to 10 mg intratracheally, perorally or simultaneously. It is established that the complex administration of BP is more dangerous as compared with the intratracheal and with the peroral one, which was indicated by an increase of the tumour incidence and in a shortening of the latent period. Calculation of the contribution or a share of the complex dose from the isoeffective value under isolated entry of BP has shown that the coefficient of complex action is 0.6, that evidences for the effect of the dose potentiating.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1986

[Gas exchange in the bronchopulmonary system during inhalation of 133Xe by patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

The paper is concerned with the results of a comparative study of pulmonary ventilation, perfusion and alveolar gas exchange in 155 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases. In view of the shortcomings of conventional RPG with 133Xe the discrepancy between clinico-roentgenological findings and ventilation indices was 38%, that between the former and perfusion was 20%. It was concluded that a study of gas exchange in the bronchopulmonary system during inhalation administration of 133Xe provided an opportunity for objective diagnosis of a pathological process in the lung parenchyma, to outline a further adequate plan of the patient's examination and to assess the efficacy of his treatment.

Adolescent↗