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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Preserving family bonds: examining parent perspectives in the light of practice standards for out-of-home treatment.

Family participation is a core system of care value that is supported by previous research in medical, child welfare, and mental health settings. However, many parents with children receiving out-of-home mental health treatment experience restrictions on contact. This cross-sectional study examines the experiences of families (N = 102) regarding parent-child contact in relation to examples of national accreditation standards. Results of the national survey found that most respondents (79.4%) reported restrictions on contact, including limits based on behavioral contingencies (65.7%) and point and level systems (52.5%).

Accreditation↗
PubMed1986

Measurement of therapy outcome and maintenance of gains in the behavioral treatment of secondary orgasmic dysfunction.

Choice of therapeutic goals and criteria used for evaluation of therapeutic outcome represent fundamental conceptual and methodological issues. The present investigation examined the relationship between how data were obtained (by retrospective questionnaire or ongoing daily self-monitoring), what outcome criteria were used (behavioral or cognitive-affective), whose data were being analyzed (the female or male partner), and when measurements were taken (at posttherapy or follow-up) in a sample of 23 couples with the problem of secondary orgasmic dysfunction in the wife. The results indicate that retrospective measurement was more optimistic than ongoing; cognitive-affective changes were twice as likely to occur as changes in behaviors; females benefited more than males; and there were considerable losses of therapeutic gains at follow-up. These results underscore the need for multiple measurement techniques and highlight the multidimensional quality of the sexual experience.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation and long-term treatment of aberrant behavior displayed by young children with disabilities.

We trained parents to conduct functional analyses and functional communication treatment for 28 young children with developmental disabilities who displayed aberrant behavior. Of this sample, 22 parents conducted treatment for at least 3 months and 11 for 1 year. We conducted single-case analyses of the results of assessment and treatment. The functional analysis identified social functions (positive and negative reinforcement) for 86% (24 of 28) of the children. Treatment resulted in a pre/post decrease in aberrant behavior averaging 87% across the range of children, with the greatest decrease occurring at 3 months. Appropriate social responding increased, on average, by 69% across the range of children. Decreases in aberrant behavior were demonstrated in all children, and all except one child displayed increased social behavior during treatment. On a measure of parent-rated treatment acceptability, ranging from 1 (not at all acceptable) to 7 (very acceptable), the average overall acceptability was 6.35.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1999

Adaptation of dogs to the amputation of a limb and their owners' satisfaction with the procedure.

Forty-four Dutch dog owners were interviewed by telephone about their experiences with their dog after it had had a limb amputated. Most of the dogs adapted to walking on three legs within a month, sooner than most of the owners had expected. There were few complications after the amputation, although changes in behaviour were observed in approximately one-third of the dogs.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2006

Engaging parents in preventive parenting groups: do ethnic, socioeconomic, and belief match between parents and group leaders matter?

The authors evaluate the relation of ethnic, socioeconomic status (SES), and belief match between parents and group leaders and engagement in a preventive intervention for parents of preschoolers. Engagement was assessed through attendance, retention, and quality of participation in sessions with 171 parents and 11 group leaders. SES match predicted attendance, retention, and quality of participation. Parents attended more sessions, remained longer in the program, and participated more actively when their group leader came from comparable SES backgrounds. Ethnic match predicted retention only, with parents attending longer when their ethnicity matched their group leader's. Engagement was unrelated to the extent of match across different characteristics, nor was the link between ethnic match and retention mediated by SES or belief match. Results suggest that social, cultural, and belief similarities between parents and group leaders may be less salient in preventive parenting interventions than is assumed. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The relation between parental coping styles and parent-child interactions before and after treatment for children with ADHD and oppositional behavior.

This study examined the relation between parental coping styles, discipline, and child behavior before and after participating in a parent training program for parents of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and oppositional behavior. For mothers, use of more maladaptive and less adaptive coping styles was related to more self-reported lax and overreactive discipline, more observed coercive parenting, and more observed child misbehavior prior to parent training. No significant relations were found for mothers following parent training after controlling for pretreatment variables. For fathers, use of more maladaptive and less adaptive coping styles was related to self-reported lax discipline before and after parent training. Contrary to prediction, fathers who reported less seeking support and adaptive-focused coping showed the most improvement in their children's behavior. Most results remained significant after controlling for self-reported depression. Implications for improving parent training research and programs were discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Empirical support for a treatment program for families of young children with externalizing problems.

We evaluated the efficacy of a manualized multimodal treatment program for young externalizing children. Families were assigned randomly to an immediate 12-week parent and child treatment condition (n = 24) or to a delayed-treatment condition (n = 23). Parents had high attendance, high satisfaction with treatment, and increased knowledge of behavior management principles. Relative to the waitlist condition, treatment parents reported statistically and clinically significant reductions in child behavior problems, improved parenting practices (i.e., increased consistency, decreased power assertive techniques), an increased sense of efficacy, and reduced parenting stress. There was a trend toward parents improving their attitudes toward their children. In considering the process of change, we found evidence that improved parenting practices mediated reductions in child behavior problems and that child improvements mediated changes in parent attitudes and stress. Five months following treatment, teachers reported significant improvements in child behaviors, whereas parents reported that reductions in child behavior problems and parenting stress were maintained.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Contingent observation: an effective and acceptable procedure for reducing disruptive behavior of young children in a group setting.

Since a major task of childhood is learning to get along in a group without disrupting other children's activities, caregivers need explicit guidelines for gentle but effective procedures for dealing with disruptive behaviors in child-care settings. In a day-care center for normal 1- and 2-yr.-old children, an effort was made to develop a procedure that appeared sufficiently humane and educational to be acceptable to parents and day-care workers, and yet effective in reducing disruptive play behaviors. Caregivers used the occasion of disruptive behavior to instruct the child in appropriate alternatives, then had the child sit on the periphery and observe the appropriate social behavior of the other children "sit and watch", for a brief period before inviting him or her to rejoin the play activities. The effectiveness of this procedure was compared with a method commonly recommended for the use with young children: instructing the child, then distracting or redirecting the child to an alternative toy or activity. Contingent observation, combining instruction with a brief timeout (from being a participant in an activity to becoming an observer of the activity), proved considerably more effective in maintaining low levels of disruptions and was considered by caregivers and parents to be an appropriate and socially acceptable method of dealing with young children's disruptive behaviors. Therefore, contingent observation can be recommended for general use in day-care programs for young children.

Attention↗
PubMed1995

Competence in aspects of behavioral treatment and consultation: implications for service delivery and graduate training.

This study examined the extent to which competence in applying behavioral procedures (time-out from positive reinforcement) was sufficient to establish competence in teaching others to apply the same procedures. During baseline, graduate students attempted to instruct parents with a history of child abuse and neglect in the use of time-out. Students were then instructed in the use of time-out until they achieved proficiency in a role-play context. They then reattempted to instruct the parents. Finally, the students were instructed in certain consultation skills (i.e., teaching others to apply behavioral procedures) and again attempted to instruct parents in the application of time-out. Observations of students' consultation skills, parents' proficiency at administering time-out, and children's compliance to parental instructions revealed that explicit training in behavioral consulting skills was necessary to produce improvements in these behaviors. Students proficiency at administering time-out was insufficient to enable them to instruct others in its application. These results were corroborated by surveys of both students and staff. The implications for graduate training and service delivery are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parents' attitudes toward behavior management techniques during dental treatment.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the attitudes of parents toward behavior management techniques used during dental treatment of children. METHODS: One hundred and four parents who accompanied their children to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the Hebrew University, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine in Jerusalem, Israel, participated in the study. The techniques for managing the children's behavior were explained to the parents prior to treatment and parents were present in the operatory during dental treatment. At the end of the second appointment, parents completed a questionnaire requesting demographic, behavioral, and dental information as well as the parents' attitudes toward the management techniques. RESULTS: Most parents preferred an explanation as to the proper approach for treating their children. Voice control was totally accepted by most parents, Papoose Board by one-third of the parents and physical restraint by nearly one-fourth of the parents. Of the parents who were in favor of restraint, most children did not cooperate. CONCLUSION: Detailed explanations and witnessing children during dental treatment may raise parents' tolerance level to firm techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health care options in childhood ARI before hospital care.

A cross sectional study was conducted, to examine the pattern of health care options, exercised before seeking care at the district hospital in the event of ARI in under fives. One hundred fifteen under fives selected through systematic sampling technique, from two district hospitals were the subjects of study. Respondents were the care providers, who accompanied children to the Hospitals. Time delay in initiating care and reaching the district hospital was also recorded. Reasons for preferring a particular source as first choice were enquired. District Hospitals stood out as the most preferred source, as 52 (45.2%) of the children used it as the first step. Other sources of health care were Health Center (10.4%), Home Care (25.2%) General Practitioners (10.4%) and Drug Stores (8.7%). On an average a child took 1.8 steps before coming to the district hospital. Children experienced 13 unique treatment patterns. Children initially offered home care followed longer sequence and more variable pattern. Convenience (62.6%) and cost (37.4%) were the main factors in choosing a source of treatment. Children who received home care were brought to district hospital earlier than others.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Training GPs in parent consultation skills. An evaluation of training for the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program.

BACKGROUND: The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program is a behavioural family intervention program that aims to prevent severe behavioral, emotional and developmental problems in children by enhancing the knowledge, skills, and confidence of parents. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of training general practitioners in the use of the primary care version of the TPP on their consultation skills, satisfaction and confidence in conducting consultations with parents. STUDY DESIGN: Participants were assigned to an experimental condition that involved a brief behaviorally oriented parent consultation skills training program or to a wait-list comparison group. Thirty-two GPs participated in the training. Fifteen participants attended the first workshop (intervention group) and 17 attended the second (wait-list comparison group). RESULTS: GPs who participated in the training reported greater satisfaction with the outcomes of their parent consultations and showed significantly greater use of targeted parent consultation skills than GPs in the wait-list comparison group. Observations of GP consultation skills during simulated patient interviews with parents showed there was a significant overall improvement in their interactional skills during parent consultations. There was a high level of satisfaction with the quality of training received by the GPs. CONCLUSION: This was a brief, cost effective program that had significant effects on participating GPs' skills, confidence and satisfaction with child consultations involving behavioral problems. Implications for public health approaches to the prevention of child psychopathology are discussed.

Adult↗