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Results for “Desensitization, Psychologic”

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PubMed1982

Behavioral treatment for the anticipatory nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy.

The nausea and vomiting experienced by one in four cancer patients in anticipation of chemotherapy is probably a learned response to treatment. To determine whether behavioral approaches for altering learned responses might be useful treatments for these symptoms, we compared the effects of "systematic desensitization" (a behavioral treatment in which relaxation is learned as a response to situations in which patients have had anticipatory nausea and vomiting) with those of counseling and of no treatment. Sixty ambulatory cancer patients with anticipatory nausea and vomiting before their third and fourth chemotherapy treatments were randomized equally to the three groups. Significantly more patients receiving desensitization reported no anticipatory nausea before their fifth and sixth chemotherapy treatments than patients given counseling (P less than 0.05) or no treatment (P less than 0.01). Desensitized patients also reported significantly less severe anticipatory nausea (P less than 0.01) and vomiting (P less than 0.05) and a shorter duration of anticipatory nausea (P less than 0.01). We conclude that systematic desensitization appears to have an antiemetic effect in cancer patients who receive chemotherapy, and may be useful in the management of these problems.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Validity and reliability study of three tinnitus self-assessment scales: loudness, annoyance and change.

CONCLUSIONS: The three tinnitus self-rating scales described herein can be employed as part of "minimal datasets" to reflect the patient's current tinnitus status. These tests are simple and easy to use and can be completed by the patient alone. The results are easy to interpret and provide a good foundation for an effective doctor-patient dialogue. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability and validity of three tinnitus self-rating scales: a six-point response scale for tinnitus loudness; an eight-point response scale for tinnitus annoyance; and a six-point response scale for tinnitus change. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data for 273 patients participating in 2 separate studies were assessed in terms of their validity and reliability. We used criterion validity to determine whether the scales had empirical associations with external criteria, in this case an already firmly established tinnitus questionnaire. In addition we examined construct validity, i.e. its subcategories convergent and discriminant validity, in order to find out how related or unrelated items or scales were. We tested the reliability and repeatability of the scales using patients on our waiting list for tinnitus desensitization. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability was 0.72 for tinnitus loudness and 0.62 for tinnitus annoyance. Calculations showed that all three scales correlated positively with validated complex scales and thus we considered convergent validity to be adequate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Accessing state-bound memories in the treatment of phobias: two case studies.

Two cases of simple phobia demonstrate the inadequacies of both behavioral and psychodynamic theories. These cases and their treatment outcomes provide support for the state-dependent memory and learning theory. Hypnosis and ideomotor signaling proved to be not only effective treatments but also useful means of illuminating the role and nature of symptom function. Issues of symptom removal and substitution are also discussed in relation to these cases.

Desensitization, Psychologic↗