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A simple non-distillation method for the estimation of Ru-106 in urine.

A simple method has been developed for estimating Ru-106 in urine. Urine samples spiked with 3-50 Bq of Ru-106 and 200 micrograms of ruthenium carrier were initially oxidized using an HNO3-H2O2 mixture. Attempts to recover ruthenium by various preconcentration methods after the initial oxidation resulted in recoveries ranging from 10-54% depending on the experimental conditions. For near quantitative recoveries, the organic matter in urine was completely destroyed by wet ashing with HNO3-H2O2 (method A) or HNO3-H2O2 followed by H2SO4 treatment (method B). The ruthenium was oxidized to RuO4 using potassium periodate and allowed to react in situ with polyethylene powder. The polyethylene powder was separated, washed and its beta activity was counted. The recovery of ruthenium was 86.9 +/- 4.6% (RSD 5.3%) in method A; and 94.4 +/- 2.6% (RSD 2.8%) in method B. The minimum detection limit achieved was 0.59 Bq/dm3. Interferences due to Cs-137 and Sr-90 were studied.

Humans↗

Settling of paraffin crystals in cooled middle distillate fuels.

The mechanism of action of additives that control the sedimentation of paraffin crystals after their crystallization in model diesel oil has been studied by means of a new experimental approach. The chemical analysis of the crystals and detailed measurements of the sedimentation phenomenon give new insights into this complex process. Thus, the wax antisettling additives used for preventing wax crystal sedimentation adsorb at the surfaces of wax particles and provide them with enhanced colloidal stability. The settling rate is not related to the size of the crystals or the viscosity of the liquid medium, but to the ability of the additives to prevent the aggregation of wax crystals. The reported methodology makes it possible to investigate the fundamental mechanisms, but also to evaluate structure-activity relationships of the various additives used in the petroleum industry.

Journal Article↗