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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Interventions for trachoma trichiasis.

BACKGROUND: Trachoma is a leading cause of avoidable blindness. The World Health Organization recommends eliminating trachoma blindness by the SAFE strategy incorporating Surgery, Antibiotic treatment, Facial cleanliness and Environmental hygiene. OBJECTIVES: This review examined the evidence for the effectiveness of different interventions for trachoma trichiasis. SEARCH STRATEGY: We identified trials from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library (2005, Issue 3), MEDLINE (1966 to September 2005) PubMed (searched on 21-09-06; last 90 days), EMBASE (1980 to September 2005), LILACS (March 2004) and the reference lists of included studies. We also contacted authors for details of other relevant studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised trials of any intervention intended to treat trachoma trichiasis and trials comparing different methods of delivering the same intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed trials. We contacted trial authors for missing data when necessary. MAIN RESULTS: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Three studies compared different surgical interventions. These trials suggest the most effective surgery is full-thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the terminal tarsal strip 180 degrees. One study showed that bilamellar rotation was more effective than unilamellar rotation but the other two studies did not. One trial found double-sided sticking plaster more effective than epilation for the immediate management of trichiasis but required frequent replacement (odds ratio (OR) 0.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00 to 0.22). Another trial found community-based surgery increased convenience for patients without increasing the risk of complications or recurrence when compared to health centres. One trial found no difference between trichiasis surgery performed by ophthalmologists and integrated eye workers (OR 1.32, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.11). A trial comparing trichiasis surgery with and without concurrent administration of azithromycin found no difference in success rates at one year (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.46). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: No trials show interventions for trichiasis prevent blindness. Certain interventions have been shown to be more effective at eliminating trichiasis. Full thickness incision of the tarsal plate and rotation of the lash-bearing lid margin through 180 degrees is probably the best technique and is preferably delivered in the community. The use of double-sided sticking plaster is more effective than epilation as a temporary measure. Surgery may be carried out by an ophthalmologist or a trained ophthalmic assistant. The addition of azithromycin treatment at the time of surgery does not appear to improve outcomes.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

[Long-term results of implantation of hydroxylapatite as artificial eye].

BACKGROUND: Since its first implantation as an eyeball replacement in the United States in 1985, hydroxyapatite has been rarely used as an orbital implant in Germany. The aim of the study was to collect data on long-term tolerance, postoperative complications and the cosmetic end results. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the spring of 1997, 52 patients underwent a follow-up examination at our hospital. The average post-operative follow-up period was 23 (12-41) months. RESULTS: The subjective tolerance was considered good by 3/4 of the patients. In the comparison of position and prominence of the artificial eye, 8 patients achieved complete equalization. As regards defective lid position, 8 patients had a ptosis, 6 an ectropium, and there was one case of entropium. Changes in conjunctiva stretched from muciferous secretion to follicular squamous hyperplasia. There was no case of implant extrusion in the series examined. With reference to the method of implantation, far superior motility was observed in primary implantations. Statistically significant motility differences could not be shown regarding muscle attachment because of the small number of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the series examined, hydroxyapatite proved to be a generally well-tolerated orbital implant with few postoperative complications and good motility. Primary implantation with attachment of all six eye muscles gave the best results.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous anthrax on eyelids.

BACKGROUND: Ophthalmologists should be aware of the signs and symptoms of anthrax, although it is a rare disease in humans. We report our successful treatment of three patients with cutaneous lesions in the periorbital area. CASES: In this study, we report on the treatment of three female patients who were initially diagnosed as having preseptal cellulitis. OBSERVATIONS: Gram-positive robs were revealed in the microscopic examination of scrapings taken from the lesions. Bacillus anthracis was found in only two of the three scraping-material cultures. Intravenous penicillin G was administered in all cases. Black and necrotic eschar, which is characteristic of anthrax, developed on the eyelids of all three patients during treatment. At the final examinations of the patients after the completion of treatment, we recognized the development of cicatrisation, lagophthalmos, and slight ectropion in the upper eyelid of the first patient, and, in the second patient, restriction of upper eyelid movement and development of a corneal scar from exposure keratopathy and ectropion. The cutaneous lesions healed without any eyelid pathology in the third patient. CONCLUSION: Although it is a rare disease in humans, anthrax should be considered in the differential diagnosis of preseptal and orbital cellulitis.

Anthrax↗
PubMed1956

Tarsectomy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Entropion↗
PubMed1985

Changes in lower eyelid resting position, movement, and tone with age.

In a study of lower eyelid movement, resting position, and tone in 185 normal white patients ranging in age from 15 to 89 years, the mean vertical eyelid excursion from downgaze to upgaze was 5.29 mm. There was, however, a decrease in vertical eyelid movement with age of 0.05 mm/yr. The mean horizontal lower eyelid excursion with eyelid closure or gentle blink was 3.3 mm and horizontal eyelid movement decreased 0.015 mm/yr. The decrease in vertical and horizontal eyelid movement with aging was closely correlated with the increase in eyelid laxity in elderly patients (P less than .001). The lower eyelids of elderly patients rested against the globe at a position inferior to that of younger patients, a finding that correlated with increased eyelid laxity (P less than .001).

Adolescent↗