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Results for “Elimination Disorders”

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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed1976

[Conservative treatment of arterial occlusive diseases with naftidrofuryl hydrogen oxalate (author's transl)].

Naftidrofuryl hydrogen oxalate was used for 4 1/2 years in 216 patients with chronic arterial occlusive disease in a surgical clinic. An increase of 1 to 10 times the walking distance could be obtained in over 77% of cases in Fontaine's stage II by a genuine combination treatment with active vascular muscle training and continuous intravenous drip lasting for an average of 28 days. The continuous drip treatment was made possible by a specially designed infusion rucksack 19% of the cases still showed a moderate effect on the walking capacity. By elimination of pain at rest and healing of trophic disorders, it was possible to transfer over 68% of the patients in Stages III and IV to Stage II.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Alkaptonuria, prostatic calculi, and ectopic ureter].

Alkaptonuria is an uncommon tyrosine metabolism disorder. Deficit of homogentisic acid oxidase leads to the elimination of large amounts of homogentisic acid in the urine with accumulation of homogentisic acid oxidized pigment in the connective tissue (ochronosis). The ultimate evolution of ochronosis is degenerative arthritis. The clinical case reported is a 57-year old male diagnosed with alkaptonuria in an early stage of the connective tissue disease who comes to the clinic due to a lower urinary obstructive syndrome secondary to benign prostate hyperplasia but is diagnosed with giant prostate lithiasis. The patient undergoes retropubic adenomectomy with lithiasis removal and re-implantation of ectopic ureter from a dual left excretory system. Clinical evolution is completely successful. The rarity of the case calls for circulation and revision of the clinical and therapeutical aspects of this entity.

Alkaptonuria↗

PubMed1998

Update on the role of epoetin alfa in hematologic malignancies and myelodysplastic syndromes.

Anemia is a frequent complication in hematologic malignancies. In advanced stages of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and myeloma, anemia usually develops in parallel with marrow involvement. However, anemia may occur in the absence of overt infiltration of bone marrow by malignant cells. When all other causes of anemia (such as chronic bleeding, vitamin deficiency, hemolysis, and pure red blood cell aplasia) are eliminated, anemia can be related to "anemia of chronic disorders." Myelodysplastic syndromes are characterized by cytopenias. Anemia is very frequent, and nearly 90% of patients present with anemia during the evolution of the disease. In this disorder, erythroid progenitors are defective for their proliferation and maturation, as shown by in vitro culture techniques. Moreover, these patients often have a high endogenous serum erythropoietin level. The rationale for treating these patients with epoetin alfa is the possibility of overcoming the defective proliferation by pharmacologic doses of epoetin alfa. The response rate was rather low with epoetin alfa alone. Combinations with earlier-acting cytokines, such as recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, have been tested in an attempt to improve response rates.

Epoetin Alfa↗

PubMed1998

Recovery from arrhythmias in lambs infected with Strongyloides papillosus following worm elimination.

Calves and lambs heavily infected with Strongyloides papillosus develop cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation which is preceded by continuous sinus tachycardia and prolongation of the PQ interval during the patent infection. In the present study, cardiac rhythms following anthelmintic treatment were investigated in lambs infected with S. papillosus to ascertain whether cardiac disorders due to the infection are based on a reversible and curable change. Eight lambs were given a lethal dose of S. papillosus. Five of the animals were injected with ivermectin when they developed continuous sinus tachycardia and prolongation of the PQ interval. The other three animals served as untreated controls. In the treated animals, elevated heart rates and PQ intervals began to decrease between 10 and 21 h, then continuous sinus tachycardia and prolongation of PQ interval disappeared within 39 h of treatment. No arrhythmias were detected after the disappearance of sinus tachycardia. Faecal egg counts became negative within 61 h of treatment. Only a few worms were collected from the small intestine at necropsy. The control animals developed ventricular fibrillation by 349 h after infection, having high faecal egg counts and intestinal worm burdens. These results indicate that cardiac disorders generated by S. papillosus infection are reversible and curable following worm elimination.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

A treatment program for functional paraplegia/Munchausen syndrome.

Two patients, referred following lengthy, extensive and frequent medical evaluations, were diagnosed as suffering from chronic factitious disorder with physical symptoms (DSM III). A treatment plan to eliminate the positive reinforcements apparently operating in the hospital and home environment, while preventing "loss of face" of the patient, was formulated and successfully carried out. Two detailed case histories to provide evidence for the diagnosis, the "faradic massage" treatment, patient response, and follow-up are documented.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1992

Now is the time to retire the term "organic mental disorders".

The organic/nonorganic distinction in contemporary classifications of mental disorders such as DSM-III and DSM-III-R has important prognostic and treatment implications, because it directs the clinician to pay special attention to the possibility of an underlying "physical" disorder as the cause of the mental disturbance. However, the term "organic" raises serious and intractable problems, since the connotative meaning of the term always returns to its historical roots, which imply an outmoded functional/structural, psychological/biological, and mind/body dualism. The authors present a proposal being considered for DSM-IV that would eliminate the term "organic" and reorganize the classification of organic mental disorders. Disorders previously referred to as "organic mental disorders" would be renamed as either "secondary disorders" (if they are due to "physical" disorders) or "substance-induced disorders." The entire classification of mental disorders would be reorganized to distribute the secondary and substance-induced disorders into the major groups with which they share phenomenology. The traditional organic mental disorders--delirium, dementia, and amnestic disorder--would be grouped together under the rubric of "cognitive impairment disorders." While acknowledging problems with the suggested new terminology and reorganization of the classification, the authors argue that the potential benefits of the proposal for clarity and for facilitating differential diagnosis justify putting to rest the familiar but now anachronistic term "organic mental disorders."

Humans↗

PubMed1996

Fluvoxamine treatment in clozapine-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenic patients.

Interest in the association of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms and schizophrenia has been reawakened since the introduction of clozapine for treatment of schizophrenia. We describe the appearance of this disorder and examine the efficacy of adding fluvoxamine to ongoing clozapine treatment of the OC and schizophrenic symptoms. Four patients with DSM-III-R schizophrenic disorder, in whom OC symptoms appeared during the course of clozapine treatment, are reported. In two patients, fluvoxamine, a serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was added to clozapine under open-trial conditions. The patients were serially assessed by using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms. The de novo occurrence and eventual spontaneous reduction of OC symptoms were noted in two schizophrenic patients treated with clozapine. In the other two patients, one with previous and the other with a family history of OC disorder, the addition of fluvoxamine to clozapine was effective in eliminating the OC symptoms. A concomitant improvement in the schizophrenic symptomatology was seen as well. It appears that disabling OC symptoms may occur as in response to clozapine treatment in chronic drug-resistant schizophrenic patients. Some of the latter may benefit from the addition of an SSRI to the ongoing clozapine regimen.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: prevalence in patients with anxiety disorders and in healthy comparison subjects.

The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) has not yet been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to analyze DSM-IV OCPD prevalence rates in OCD and panic disorder (PD) patients to test for the specificity of the OCPD-OCD link, and to compare them to OCPD prevalence in a control group of subjects without any psychiatric disorder. A total of 109 patients with a principal diagnosis of DSM-IV (SCID-I) OCD and 82 with PD were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II) in order to assess the prevalence of OCPD. All patients with a coexisting axis I diagnosis were excluded from the study to eliminate confounding factors when evaluating the association between prevalence rates of OCPD and anxiety disorder diagnoses. An exclusion criteria was also a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score >/=16. A sample of comparison subjects (age 18 to 65 years) without any psychiatric disorder was recruited from people registered with two general practitioners (GPs), whether or not they consulted the doctor, in order to evaluate OCPD prevalence rate in the community. A significant difference was found between the prevalence of OCPD in OCD (22.9%) and in PD (17.1%) on one hand, and that in the comparison sample (3.0%) on the other. No differences were found between the two psychiatric groups, even when splitting the samples according to gender. Our study failed to support the hypothesis of a specific relationship between OCPD and OCD; we confirmed the higher prevalence rate of this personality disorder in OCD subjects with regard to the general population, but we also confirmed the higher rate of OCPD in another anxiety disorder which is phenomenologically well characterized and different from OCD, such as PD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

[Indications for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in functional disorders of hemodialysis shunts].

With adequate indication, PTA is an effective technique for eliminating functional restrictions of hemodialysis shunts. PTA is indicated both in stenoses which occur above all at the venous shunt arm near to fistula and in occlusions over short distances. In thrombotic occlusions over long distances, PTA is indicated when prior thrombectomy did not produce any improvement of shunt function and dilatation should eliminate a causal stenosis. Stenoses of the arterial side of the shunt can also be successfully dilated: the dilation catheter should be introduced via the venous arm of the shunt in order to avoid damage to the proximal brachial artery. PTA is not indicated in all primarily insufficient shunts.

Angiography↗

PubMed2003

[Method for measuring respiration in sleep: capnography for determining ventilation].

Ventilation serves the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment. Oxygen uptake and CO2 elimination are controlled by feedback loops, that keep fluctuations in arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) within narrow limits Disorders in the central regulation of breathing, or impairment of the respiratory apparatus, may result in a mismatch between metabolic CO2 production and ventilatory CO2, elimination and thus in fluctuations in the PaCO2: inappropriately increased ventilation (hyperventilation) causes hypocapnia, and reduced ventilation (hypoventilation) causes hypercapnia. In order to detect such disorders during sleep, PCO2 measurement is of great importance, but direct and continuous measurement of the PaCO2 is invasive and thus unsuitable in the clinical setting. An alternative is capnography, the continuous measurement of PCO2 in inhaled and exhaled air on the basis of ultrared light absorption. This paper reviews the method, its features and limitations, and the possibilities of improving capnography to better detect sleep-related breathing disorders. In addition, data obtained from 57 patients with predominantly normal lung function, but suspected sleep disordered breathing are presented. Simultaneous measurements of capnography PETCO2) and capillary PaCO2 revealed a PETCO2 difference of +0.63 +/- 3.3 (SD) Torr. PaCO2 (38.8 +/- 4.1 Torr) and PETCO2 (38.1 +/- 4.3 Torr) were not significantly different with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.68 (p < 0.001). Thus 46% of the variation in PETCO2 was explained by changes in PaCO2. Currently the literature contains few further data on capnography during sleep. It is concluded that, provided the limitations of the method are respected and comparison with the PETCO2 is made, capnography may be a useful, noninvasive and continuous measuring method for assessing ventilation during sleep in patients with suspected sleep related breathing disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Apolipoprotein E genotype in diverse neurodegenerative disorders.

While the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4 allele is a recognized risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), an association of epsilon 4 with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) has not been extensively explored. We examined 51 cases of neuropathologically confirmed ND. After eliminating 18 cases exhibiting pathology sufficient to warrant an additional diagnosis of AD, three disorders characterized by tau-related cytoskeletal pathology, i.e., Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration, and progressive supra-nuclear palsy, showed increased epsilon 4 frequencies. Since the number of cases within each category was small, these increased epsilon 4 frequencies were not statistically significant. beta-Amyloid (beta A4) immunoreactive diffuse plaques were observed in many of these cases. While we cannot eliminate the possibility that these patients were destined to develop AD, these changes may merely reflect an independent association of epsilon 4 with amyloid deposition. These preliminary data affirm the need for further study of well-characterized cases to explore the relationship of ApoE to cytoskeletal pathology and ND.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

A kinetic model of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase transmigration in hepatobiliary disorders.

A hypothetical kinetic model of transmigration of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (m-AST) from liver to blood and its elimination from blood was constructed and assessed for prediction by computer simulation. The elimination of m-AST from plasma in healthy rats followed first-order kinetics. Depletion of m-AST from the liver after induction of hepatobiliary disorders in rats with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) also followed first-order kinetics. In contrast, the changes in metabolic rate in the liver after ANIT administration, as estimated from the plasma indocyanine green clearance, approximated to a second-order time function. Based on these data, the time-dependent change in plasma m-AST activity after ANIT administration was simulated by computer according to a hypothetical kinetic model. The result of computer simulation of the change in plasma m-AST coincided well with that obtained experimentally, suggesting that continuous measurements of m-AST may be helpful to the clinical diagnosis of liver injury.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate↗

PubMed2006

No evidence of persisting measles virus in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with autism spectrum disorder.

OBJECTIVES: Despite epidemiologic evidence to the contrary, claims of an association between measles-mumps-rubella vaccination and the development of autism have persisted. Such claims are based primarily on the identification of measles virus nucleic acids in tissues and body fluids by polymerase chain reaction. We sought to determine whether measles virus nucleic acids persist in children with autism spectrum disorder compared with control children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 54 children with autism spectrum disorder and 34 developmentally normal children, and up to 4 real-time polymerase chain reaction assays and 2 nested polymerase chain reaction assays were performed. These assays targeted the nucleoprotein, fusion, and hemagglutinin genes of measles virus using previously published primer pairs with detection by SYBR green I. Our own real-time assay targeted the fusion gene using novel primers and an internal fluorescent probe. Positive reactions were evaluated rigorously, and amplicons were sequenced. Finally, anti-measles antibody titers were measured by enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The real-time assays based on previously published primers gave rise to a large number of positive reactions in both autism spectrum disorder and control samples. Almost all of the positive reactions in these assays were eliminated by evaluation of melting curves and amplicon band size. The amplicons for the remaining positive reactions were cloned and sequenced. No sample from either autism spectrum disorder or control groups was found to contain nucleic acids from any measles virus gene. In the nested polymerase chain reaction and in-house assays, none of the samples yielded positive results. Furthermore, there was no difference in anti-measles antibody titers between the autism and control groups. INTERPRETATION: There is no evidence of measles virus persistence in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Antibodies, Viral↗

PubMed2001

Elimination of alloantibodies by immunoablative high-dose cyclophosphamide.

BACKGROUND: Alloimmunization is a major problem for patients being considered for solid organ transplantation and in patients who require blood transfusion support. We previously demonstrated that high-dose cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation leads to durable complete remissions in aplastic anemia and other autoimmune disorders. We now examine the ability of high-dose cyclophosphamide to eliminate alloreactivity. METHODS: IgG-specific antibodies to HLA class I were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 18 consecutive patients with severe aplastic anemia before and after treatment with high-dose cyclophosphamide. RESULTS: Anti-HLA antibodies were detected before or shortly after therapy in 5 of the 18 patients studied. Complete remission of aplastic anemia was achieved in four of these five patients. High-dose cyclophosphamide markedly reduced anti-HLA antibody titers in these four patients; they were completely eradicated in three patients. Only one patient did not achieve significant reduction in the alloantibody titer after high-dose cyclophosphamide. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose cyclophosphamide without stem cell transplantation can eradicate HLA-specific alloantibody.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders.

Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders such as DeQuervain's tendonitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and rotator cuff tendonitis have become increasingly common among working people in the United States. Extensive epidemiological investigation indicates that the adverse ergonomic exposures of force, repetition, vibration and certain postures are risk factors for development of many of these disorders. Assessment of patients with possible work-related upper limb disorders requires eliciting information about the illness, performing an examination about the illness, and obtaining information about adverse ergonomic exposures on and off from work. Treatment can only be successful when exposure to adverse ergonomic risk factors is reduced or eliminated.

Arm↗

PubMed1986

Efficacy of chemical dependency treatment as a function of combat in Vietnam.

Traumatized combat veterans frequently attempt to escape the chronic anxiety, insomnia and nightmares characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder by self-medicating with alcohol and drugs. The elimination of alcohol and drugs through chemical-dependency treatment, therefore, might be expected to precipitate an exacerbation of stress symptoms and predispose veterans to new cycles of abuse. The relationship between combat and post-treatment substance abuse has not been subjected to empirical study. This paper examines treatment-completion and post-treatment abstinence rates (treatment efficacy) as a function of level of combat when combat veterans are provided trauma-oriented therapy concurrently with treatment for chemical dependency. The experimental results suggest that, under these conditions, treatment efficacy does not vary with level of combat. The absence of combat-level effects is explained in terms of the interactive dynamics of chemical-dependency and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Potential treatment paradigms for anxiety disorders.

The current classification system of anxiety disorders allows us to match treatment with the particular form of disorder presented. The first part of this paper presents the main features of each anxiety disorder with the approved pharmacological treatment. Despite progress in this field, treatment has to be improved to resolve resistant symptoms and to eliminate adverse side effects of the drugs currently used. The efficacy of antidepressants in chronic anxiety disorders as compared to classic 'anxiolytics' has been shown. For treatment of acute phase of anxiety, new drugs have been proposed as an alternative to benzodiazepines (BZD), but to date, no individual agent has demonstrated a better effectiveness. Interesting results may be provided by drugs acting on CCK receptors or with 5HT blockers. Preliminary results are listed and prospects in the field are proposed. The discussion focuses on an improved definition of anxiety and on the overlap of anxiety symptoms with those of depression.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1985

[Endogenous toxicity in acute hepatic failure and ways of eliminating it].

The structure of causes of the endogenous intoxication in 39 patients with acute hepatic insufficiency is studied. Eleven toxic compounds of an organic nature were found responsible for genesis fo the disorders and outcomes of acute hepatic insufficiency. Possible use of hemosorption and hyperbaric oxygenation for the elimination of toxic products is analysed. A combination of them is proved to be expedient. The selectivity of sorption for each toxin separately in various types of hepatic insufficiency is established.

Acute Disease↗