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Results for “Eye Protective Devices”

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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Outpatient management of traumatic hyphemas in children.

OBJECTIVE: There are no outcome reports in the literature for outpatient management of traumatic hyphemas in children. Therefore we studied such cases at our institutions. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. PARTICIPANTS: 25 children less than 16 years of age with grade I traumatic hyphemas. INTERVENTION: Inactivity at home with frequent office visits to monitor progress and complications. Treatment otherwise varied but virtually all patients received protective eye shields and topical steroids. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rate of rebleeding and final visual acuity. RESULTS: Three patients (12%) suffered a rebleed; one required surgery for clot evacuation. One of the three did not receive topical steroids and if he is excluded, rebleed rate is 2/24 or 8.3%. The hyphema resolved without sequelae in the other 22 patients. All patients had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better except three patients (12%) who had concurrent vision-limiting ocular injuries and/or disease. Final visual acuity was 20/30 or better in all three patients with rebleeds. CONCLUSIONS: Our rebleed rate was within the broad range of rebleed rates reported in the literature. However, improved efforts to identify children at highest risk for rebleeding, to maximize compliance with treatments, and to consider systemic agents in selected cases, could further reduce the rebleed rate and increase acceptance and safety of outpatient management in pediatric traumatic hyphemas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Effective dose and dose to the crystalline lens during angiographic procedures].

Interventional radiology presents the highest dose levels for the staff and for the patient. For a total of 34 angiographic examinations the doses at the forehead and at the neck of a radiologist have been measured. The effective dose and the dose to the eye lens have been estimated over a period of one year. Doses to the lens of the eye close to the limit of 150 mSv proposed by the ICRP have been observed. There is an imminent need for the radiologist to wear also lead glasses to avoid formation of cataracts at long term.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ocular risks from sunlight exposure.

Relinquishing the desire to acquire a tan will be difficult for many people. To many individuals, a tan is a symbol of health, fashion and attractiveness. Even when informed about the risks of sunlight exposure, many people ignore the advice to change their behaviors and decrease their risks. Adoption of safe sunlight precautions depends on individual preference, age, work requirements, gender, and perception of personal risk. Many people selectively adhere to certain protective behaviors which do not conflict with social norms. Reinforcement of how sunlight can damage the eyes and skin needs to be continually provided so that public attitudes can adapt to all the necessary appropriate behaviors. Ophthalmic health care professionals have an important part in public education. They can customize their patient's personal protective requirements to match the type of risks uncovered in the clinical work up. The ocular and social history should include the patient's sunlight exposure risk profile and document pre-existing sunlight damage to the eyes and facial areas. All follow-up visits should reinforce sunlight exposure information and document compliance or non-compliance. Only in this way can the eye care delivery system support preventative measures to decrease ocular injuries from sunlight radiation.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2000

The incidence of potential conjunctival contamination in tonsillectomy.

A prospective study of 100 consecutive tonsillectomies was performed to assess the incidence of potential blood contamination of the surgeons' conjunctivae. Operating masks with plastic visors were used during these operations and examined by microscopy to detect blood contamination. 46% of visors were contaminated by blood. There was no significant difference with respect to how the operation was performed, or with the addition of adenoidectomy, but there was a significant difference between the rate of contamination between some surgeons. No surgeon performing more than three operations, however, escaped contamination. We recommend that eye protection be worn routinely in tonsillectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Aircrew visors and color vision performance: a comparative and preliminary pilot study analysis.

BACKGROUND: A very important aspect of visual performance to consider, for present and future recommendations regarding aircrew visors, concerns their impact on color vision. The literature has remained mostly inconclusive with respect to the human perceptual process of colors during actual mission employment. OBJECTIVE: This study uses active duty military aircrews to provide objective and valuable information on the effects of Short Wavelength Absorbing Filters (SWAFs), such as the High Contrast Visor (HCV), and some selected waveband type Laser Eye Protection (LEP) visors on color vision. It provides a direct comparison of several current and proposed aircrew eye protective visors with respect to their effects on color vision. The data analyzed in this study will also be used to support a recommendation regarding a new optimal visor for aircrew wear during air to air (and ground) engagements, for sun protection, and possible visual enhancement in order to improve user compliance. METHODS: Seven volunteers on active flying status each underwent comprehensive color vision testing with and without seven of the U. S. Air Force's (USAF's) current or proposed aircrew visors/filters. Spectral transmissions of these visors/filters were obtained to identify and determine their individual characteristics which included their ability to induce acquired color vision decrements in "color normal" individuals. RESULTS: The widely utilized USAF HCV significantly degraded color vision more than luminosity matched neutral density visors. Abrupt color vision decrements for specifically fielded LEP visors were also noted. Their objective data supported theoretical and speculated color vision effects. Even though low transmittance neutral density visors did have some effect on color vision, decrement severity was not considered significant enough to affect overall performance during color vision testing. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION: Because of their ability to significantly affect color vision, concerns regarding the use of HCV and LEP visors should entail age, baseline color vision, environmental, and mission factors. Further testing should be done to evaluate the definitive effects that these visors actually have on the recognition of color symbology of Multi Function and Electronic Flight Information Displays. Findings in this study also support theoretical opinions that encourage the fielding of a neutral density filter (mildly tinted) with an overall transmission of 25-49%. Its use by flyers during low and bright illuminant conditions may greatly enhance visual performance by encouraging wearer compliance while allowing colors to be perceived normally.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eye exposure to optical radiation in the glassblowing industry: an investigation in southern Ontario.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the levels of optical radiation hazards in glassblowing are well classified according to the hazard types defined in the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standard for industrial eye protectors. METHODS: We carried out radiometric measurements, and questionnaire survey in 4 university glassblowing laboratories, and 3 private studios. RESULTS: There is exposure to low levels of UV and IR radiation in all glassblowing operations. A supra-threshold IR radiation level exists in the craft glassblowing. The use of eye protectors is based on past experience regardless of the level of ocular exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Optical radiation hazards exist in both craft and scientific glassblowing. There seems to be an inadequate understanding about radiation types encountered by glassblowers.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Limits in the use of cobalt filters for protection against infrared radiation].

Cobaltic filters are widely used to protect eyes against infrared radiation. They absorb a greater part of the incident on the filter radiation. The radiation absorbed by the filter enhances its temperature and thus increases infrared radiation regenerated by the filter. This paper describes the study of the effect of Tk cobaltic filter exposed to infrared radiation in the range from 500 W/m2 to 3000 W/m2 on the quantity of infrared radiation regenerated by the filter. The results of the study show the increase in the filter temperature depending on the filter irradiance and the exposure duration. In the case of the filter exposure to irradiance of 3000 W/m2 lasting longer than 10 min the filter temperature may go over 120 degrees C. Radiation regenerated by such a filter reaches about 1250 which exceeds the safe value for ocular exposure. On the basis of the results obtained the conditions for protecting eyes against infrared radiation by cobaltic filters are described.

Cobalt↗
PubMed1975

Control of health hazards from airborne lasers.

The use of lasers in tactical military aircraft present eye hazards to personnel in aircraft and on the ground. Biomedical scientists and engineers are often asked for advice for controlling these hazards. Methods are given for applying ocular exposure criteria to the solution of practical field safety problems. Laser pointing accuracy and the extent of hazardous specular reflections from flat glass and from standing areas of water are the principal determinations required to develop safe laser operations. Special considerations may be required for scanning lasers and laser arrays.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed2000

The new AMA ratings.

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Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radioprotection to the eye during CT scanning.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The lens of the eye is sensitive to radiation. Children undergoing CT of the head and patients undergoing repeated CT scanning of the head are vulnerable to this complication. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of a heavy metal, bismuth, in reducing radiation to the lens of the eye during routine cranial CT. METHODS: Both phantom and human studies were done. Using a standard head-attenuating phantom, scanning was performed with detectors placed over the eye, first without the protectors, and then with shielding by one (1T), two (2T), or three thickness (3T) of bismuth-coated latex. The patient study included 30 patients randomized into one of three groups with eye protection provided by 1T, 2T, or 3T of the bismuth-coated latex. Control measurements were done using thermoluminescent dosimeters over the forehead above each eye. Image artifact from the bismuth shields was assessed. RESULTS: The phantom study demonstrated that the use of bismuth-coated shielding over the eyes decreased radiation dosage by 48.5%, 59.8%, and 65.4% using 1T, 2T, and 3T, respectively. The effect of eye shielding in decreasing radiation dosage to the eye was highly significant for all three thicknesses (P = 2.9 x 10(-81) to 1.9 x 10(-89)). In the patient study, the use of 1T, 2T, and 3T of bismuth-coated latex saved an average radiation dose of 39.6%, 43.5%, and 52.8%, respectively. While the use of shielding was statistically significant in saving radiation for all thicknesses (P = 2.2 x 10(-10) to 1.4 x 10(-21)), there was no statistical difference between 1T, 2T, and 3T of bismuth-coated latex shielding found in patients. However, the trend was for increased radiation savings to the eye with increased thickness of shielding used. A review of all 30 studies showed no significant artifact caused by the eye shielding, regardless of thickness. CONCLUSION: Bismuth-coated latex shielding of the eye during cranial CT is simple to apply, inexpensive, and causes up to a 50% reduction in radiation to the lens of the eye.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expo bandage--flat.

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Adhesiveness↗