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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Telemedicine-friendly, portable tonometers: an evaluation for intraocular pressure screening.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings from two portable, telemedicine-friendly tonometers for suitability in glaucoma screening. METHODS: 213 eyes of 107 consenting patients attending an eye clinic were tested with an I-care tonometer and a Pulsair-Easy Eye puff-air tonometer. Gold standard IOP was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). Effect of central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and refractive errors on IOP measurements were also analysed. RESULTS: The mean difference of IOP by GAT and both the portable tonometers was +/- 2.2 mmHg. The analysis indicates minimal difference between IOP readings of both the portable tonometers. The mean difference between two consecutive readings by I-care was 0.01 mmHg. Using 21 mmHg as a threshold for suspected glaucoma, both the portable digital tonometers reported a sensitivity of 38% and specificity of >95%. In the subjects studied, central corneal thickness had statistically significant influence on IOP measurements while refractive errors and anterior chamber depth had no significant influence on IOP measurements with any tonometry. CONCLUSION: The IOP readings by both portable tonometers are comparable and were within clinically acceptable range from GAT. These portable tonometers are useful tools for IOP screening.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Atropine versus glycopyrrolate. A study of intraocular pressure and pupil size in man.

Following control observations of intraocular pressure and pupil size, in doses suitable for pre-anaesthetic medication, glycopyrrolate (0.004 mg/kg) and atropine (0.01 mg/kg) were given intramuscularly to healthy volunteers in a randomised, cross-over fashion. No significant change in either intraocular pressure or pupil size was noted 45 min after drug administration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anomalous intraocular pressure changes in Chagas' disease elicited by postural test.

We compared the effects of postural changes on intraocular pressure, systemic blood pressure, and pupil size with and without induced mydriasis in 15 chronic chagasic patients and 20 healthy age-matched controls. The chagasic patients showed a marked fall in intraocular pressure on rising. However, systemic systolic blood pressure changes and pupil size in patients did not differ from those measured in controls. Our findings may be explained by an alteration in the autonomic ocular system that regulates homeostasis of ocular pressure and the probable existence of a baroreceptor arc-reflex that restores the equilibrium of sudden changes in the intraocular pressure.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2003

Ultrasound activates the TM ELAM-1/IL-1/NF-kappaB response: a potential mechanism for intraocular pressure reduction after phacoemulsification.

PURPOSE: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), the major causal risk factor for glaucoma, often decreases after cataract removal by phacoemulsification ultrasound. In this study, the hypothesis that ultrasound energy propagated through a fluid medium induces a stress response with the potential to lower IOP was investigated. METHODS: Normal and glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM) cell culture lines were initiated from tissue isolated from human cadaveric eyes or trabeculectomy specimens. Cultured cells were treated for 60 seconds with a phacoemulsification ultrasound probe set to a power of 70%. Activation of the TM cell-specific stress response was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunolocalization. RESULTS: Normal TM cell cultures did not release detectable levels of the stress response protein, IL-1alpha, into their culture medium. In contrast, IL-1alpha was easily detected after treatment with ultrasound energy. Consistent with earlier findings, glaucomatous TM cells produced IL-1alpha constitutively, and the level of expression was increased after treatment with phacoemulsification ultrasound. As was previously demonstrated, the stress-regulated transcription factor NF-kappaB was present in the cytoplasm of normal cells, but in the nucleus of glaucomatous cells. After treatment with ultrasound energy, NF-kappaB translocated to the nucleus in the normal cells. Endothelial leukocyte-adhesion molecule (ELAM)-1 was not detected in normal TM cells, but was constitutively present on glaucomatous TM cells, consistent with findings in previous work. ELAM-1 expression was induced in normal cells by ultrasound treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A potentially IOP-lowering stress response is induced in TM cells by ultrasound. The findings suggest that this response may be induced clinically during cataract removal by phacoemulsification, and may be one mechanism responsible for the reduction in IOP that often follows this procedure.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1977

Unilateral gonadectomy does not alter contralateral intraocular pressure in rabbit eyes.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether unilateral gonadectomy caused any change in intraocular pressure. Repeated measurements in 22 male and nine female rabbits after unilateral gonadectomy were made by three different methods of determining intraocular pressure. We were unable to find a decrease in intraocular pressure on the side opposite to the side of the removed gonad, as had been previously reported. Neither were any ipsilateral changes observed. A calibration curve (rabbit) for the applanation pneumatonograph is also presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Changing therapy from timolol to betaxolol. Effect on intraocular pressure in selected patients with glaucoma. Timolol-Betaxolol Study Group.

Three hundred fifty-three patients whose intraocular pressure was controlled with a timolol maleate ophthalmic solution were studied. Following a baseline period, half were switched (masked and randomized) to treatment with a betaxolol hydrochloride ophthalmic solution and were followed up for 12 weeks. Intraocular pressure, signs, and symptoms were recorded at weeks 1, 4, 8, and 12. Those patients switched to the betaxolol ophthalmic solution had a significant increase in both ocular side effects (burning/stinging and tearing) and intraocular pressure at weeks 4, 8, and 12 when compared with those patients who continued to receive timolol.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed2002

[Intraocular pressure elevation after subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide during uveitis].

INTRODUCTION: New therapeutic concepts in the management of ocular inflammation have led to the development of periocular and intravitreal injections. Such treatment modalities can induce intraocular pressure elevation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Periocular injections have been given to patients suffering from strictly unilateral or bilateral but asymmetrical and noninfectious posterior uveitis. A history of corticosteroid-induced glaucoma was a contraindication to such treatment. A retrospective review of cases who were given subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection between May and October 2001 was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment and the risk of intraocular pressure elevation. Ocular pressure was measured before and after the injection and the efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by measurements of visual acuity and fluorescein angiography. RESULTS: One or several injections were given to 61 patients. Intraocular pressure rose in 13 patients (21.3%). Medical treatment was unsuccessful in three cases and surgical excision of periocular corticosteroid deposit was required. Therefore, intraocular pressure was controlled with no other medication. Treatment was considered effective in 32 patients (52.45%): improvement of visual acuity (more than two lines) or control of inflammation on fluorescein angiography. DISCUSSION: and conclusions: Periocular subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide in posterior noninfectious uveitis is a safe procedure. Intraocular pressure elevation is not frequent and can be controlled through medical treatment or surgical excision of a residual deposit, in which pharmacologically active triamcinolone can be present several months after the injection.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in intraocular pressure with the use of topical nasal mometasone furoate].

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to valuation if the use of topical Mometasone Furoate for the treatment of rhinitis provokes an elevation of the intraocular pressure. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It was comparative, double blind, experimental, prospective and longitudinal. To measure the intraocular pressure of the patients at the third week, sixth week, three month, six month and one year. RESULTS: There were some modifications in the intraocular pressure, but without exceeding the normal parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Mometasone Furoate is safe and does not cause an increment in the intraocular pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

New device for artificial increasing intraocular pressure.

BACKGROUND: For certain special investigations, particularly in glaucoma diagnostics, intraocular pressure has to be increased. Mostly, a suction cup apparatus is used for that purpose. These devices, however, have some disadvantages. They are at least uncomfortable, sometimes risky for the patient and induce a strong astigmatism which can influence the results of the corresponding investigation. METHOD: A very simple mechanical device has been constructed and tested, by means of which the intraocular pressure can be increased for diagnostic purposes. A ring on a lever, which is moved towards the eye by small weights, compresses the eye through the lids without the need of even local anesthetics. The device can be easily mounted to any head fixation which is normally used in combination with ophthalmological equipment. e.g. slit lamp, visual field analyzer or fundus camera. Tests have been performed in four different groups: one group of 19 healthy volunteers, one of 21 patients with Graves' disease, one of 21 patients with high myopia and one of 20 patients with open-angle glaucoma. RESULTS: Pressure elevations could be achieved in all patients with very good reproducibility with respect to the applied forces. However, in patients with exophthalmos (Graves' disease), the elevation effect was somewhat higher than in normal eyes. The induced astigmatism was only about 0.5 dpt for pressure elevations of about 20 mmHg. CONCLUSION: The tests performed showed that the new device is easy to handle and comfortable for the patients. If very high accuracy is needed concerning the pressure values achieved, an individual calibration should be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Does extended wear of a tight necktie cause raised intraocular pressure?

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect that extended wear of a tight necktie has on the intraocular pressure (IOP), measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry in a normal and aged-matched glaucoma group. METHODS: One eye of 18 normal and 19 primary open-angle glaucoma patients was included in this prospective study. The intraocular pressure of each patient's randomly selected eye was measured with the patient dressed in an open shirt collar, again 3 minutes after their collar was fastened and necktie tightened, again after a further 12 minutes, and finally 3 minutes after the necktie was loosened and collar unfastened. The same examiner performed all measurements in a masked fashion. RESULTS: The mean intraocular pressure in the normal group (n = 18) increased by 0.56 mm Hg (P = 0.30) and increased significantly (*) in the glaucoma group (n = 19) by 1.58 mm Hg (P = 0.001*) after tightening the necktie for 3 minutes. The mean IOP then decreased after leaving the necktie on for a further 12 minutes, by 0.89 mm Hg (P = 0.08) in the normal group and decreased significantly by 0.94 mm Hg (P = 0.04*) in the glaucoma group. Finally after loosening the necktie for 3 minutes (immediately after 15 minutes of continuous necktie wear) the mean IOP decreased in the normal group by 0.89 mm Hg (P = 0.02*) but only minimally in the glaucoma group by 0.16 mm Hg (P = 0.72). The patient's age or collar size showed no significant correlation with the change in mean IOP following tight necktie wear. CONCLUSION: A significant increase in IOP after 3 minutes of tight necktie wear occurred only in the glaucoma group, but this increase was followed by a significant decrease in IOP after 15 minutes of tight necktie wear. Avoidance of wearing a tight necktie over an extended period is therefore not necessary in patients with glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The effect of timolol and acetazolamide on transient intraocular pressure elevation following cataract extraction with alpha-chymotrypsin.

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) early after cataract extraction with alpha-chymotrypsin is a well-described, common occurrence. To study the incidence of pressure increase and the efficacy of medical therapy, IOP was monitored every 12 hours beginning on the first postoperative day in 68 patients after otherwise uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction performed with one milliliter of alpha-chymotrypsin and wound closure with multiple sutures. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: treatment with oral acetazolamide, treatment with topical timolol, or no treatment. Without prophylactic treatment, the prevalence of pressure elevation at 24 hours postoperatively was 69% with IOP greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg; 29% with IOP greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg. This was independent of the type of sutures used (10--0 nylon or 9--0 silk). The patients of four different surgeons had similar rates of occurrence of postoperative glaucoma. Both timolol and acetazolamide were essentially equally effective in lowering IOP in these patients. No adverse side effects were observed. With these effective treatments available if needed, we believe that routine monitoring of the IOP by applanation tonometry during the early postoperative course provides a good opportunity for reducing the risk of complications from excessive intraocular pressure.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1994

Trabeculectomy for traumatic hyphema with increased intraocular pressure.

We reviewed the medical records of 11 consecutive patients who underwent trabeculectomy with anterior chamber washout and peripheral iridectomy as the primary surgical treatment for traumatic hyphema that was unresponsive to medical management. The mean intraocular pressure before surgery was 48 mm Hg. In ten of the patients the intraocular pressure was lowered to 21 mm Hg or lower after surgery and remained below that level up to the most recent follow-up visit, which ranged from eight to 97 months. One patient required a topical beta-blocker and oral acetazolamide to lower pressure to this level after surgery. Eight patients had visual acuity of 20/60 or better at last follow-up. Corneal blood staining occurred in eight patients. Compared with other techniques for surgical management of traumatic hyphema, trabeculectomy provides a means to keep intraocular pressure lowered while the remaining blood is clearing from the anterior chamber. Trabeculectomy with anterior chamber washout and peripheral iridectomy appears to be a safe and reliable procedure in the management of traumatic hyphemas in which medical management fails to control intraocular pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Epidemiological aspects of intraocular pressure in an onchocerciasis endemic area.

A field investigation of intraocular pressure in populations in onchocerciasis endemic areas of West Africa revealed a normal pressure distribution in individuals without signs of ocular onchocerciasis or with only microfilariae or reversible lesions in the eye. Females showed a significantly higher mean ocular tension, and in both sexes tension decreased with age. Patients with irreversible onchocercal ocular lesions and signs of anterior uveitis showed a significantly lower and abnormally distributed intraocular pressure. The prevalence of glaucoma was significantly higher in this group, thus indicating that a high intensity of onchocercal infection may be associated with a risk of secondary glaucoma. The presence of microfilariae in the ocular tissues and consequent inflammatory reactions may possibly give rise to an abnormal distribution of ocular tension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effect of increased intraocular pressure on visual acuity and corneal curvature after radial keratotomy.

To detect the effect of increased intraocular pressure on visual acuity and corneal curvature after radial keratotomy, we measured these variables in the sitting and inverted positions in 18 patients who underwent radial keratotomy (Group 1) and compared their results with those from the unoperated on eyes of seven patients (Group 2). We also compared the results before and after inversion within each group. Intraocular pressure increased to approximately two times normal in each group. Significant improvement in visual acuity and reduction in central keratometry were noted only in Group 1. By multiple regression analysis, visual improvement correlated with the number of incisions but not the time since surgery. Our study provides evidence that increased intraocular pressure may account for transient changes in vision and corneal curvature after radial keratotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Reduction of intraocular pressure by topical administration of an inhibitor of the Rho-associated protein kinase.

PURPOSE: Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase (ROCK) is a downstream target of a small GTPase, Rho. The kinase has been reported to regulate actomyosin-based contractility of smooth muscles by modulation of myosin phosphatase activity. Contractility of ciliary muscle could be implicated in regulation of intraocular pressure while that of ocular vessels could affect blood flow to retina. The present study has been performed to investigate the effect of a ROCK inhibitor on intraocular pressure in rabbits. METHODS: An inhibitor of ROCK, Y-27632, was dissolved in an ophthalmic solution and topically administered to the eye of a Japanese white rabbit. Intraocular pressure was measured by pneumatonography (n = 12, 24 eyes). Constriction of ciliary muscle was measured by the Magnus method using 12 eyes. RESULTS: Topical application of 0.1 and 0.03% Y-27632 significantly decreased the intraocular pressure, with maximum decreases of 5.3 and 4.3 mm Hg after 90 minutes compared with the control eye. Y-27632 inhibited the carbachol-induced constriction of rabbit ciliary muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The ROCK inhibitor reduced intraocular pressure in rabbits by topical instillation. The inhibitor relaxed the excised ciliary muscle which was previously constricted by carbachol suggesting that the inhibitor acts to increase the uveoscleral outflow. Our results suggest that the ROCK inhibitor is a promising treatment for glaucoma therapy in the next generation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Intraocular pressure after small incision cataract surgery: temporal sclerocorneal versus clear corneal incision.

PURPOSE: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation using a temporal sclerocorneal or clear corneal incision. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany. METHODS: One hundred patients (100 eyes) with cataract having phacoemulsification with posterior chamber IOL implantation were randomly assigned to receive a temporal sclerocorneal or clear corneal tunnel incision. Intraocular pressure was measured preoperatively and 6 hours, 1, 2, and 3 days, and 5 months postoperatively. Statistical significance was determined by nonparametric group comparisons using 2-sample random Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: Six hours postoperatively, the median IOP increase was significantly higher in the sclerocorneal tunnel group (57%) than in the clear corneal incision group (18%) (P <.001). No significant between-group difference in IOP was found at 1, 2, or 3 days or 5 months. At 5 months, IOP was 0.6 mm Hg lower than preoperatively in the sclerocorneal tunnel group and 1.5 mm Hg lower in the clear corneal group. CONCLUSIONS: After phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation, the immediate postoperative IOP increase was higher in eyes having a sclerocorneal incision than in those having a clear corneal tunnel incision. These results could be important in eyes with decreased outflow facility or preexisting optic nerve damage.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Continuous assessment of intraocular pressure - telematic transmission, even under flight- or space mission conditions.

Fluid shift after entering into microgravity, but also under equivalent flight conditions leads to enormous increase of intraocular pressure. To assess this precisely position - and gravity independent, handsome, automatic tonometers have been developed (German-Spacelab D1-Mission, German-Spacelab D2-Mission, German-Russian-MIR-Mission) telemetric transmission of measuring results of course would find scientific but also functional interest. The same is true for recently designed automatic intraocular pressure sensors, registering intraocular pressure continuously, day and night. Also recently designed new automatic ophthalmodynamometer, allowing directly to assess the intracranial pressure, but also perfusion pressure within the eye also could benefit from a direct telemetric transmission. New technical solutions allowing for the first time even telematic data transmission, are reported.

Humans↗