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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effects of a low birthweight infant formula containing human milk levels of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids.

Long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (LCP) are considered conditionally essential nutrients for low birth weight infants (LBWI). Therefore, enrichment of LBWI formulae with metabolites both linoleic (omega-6) and alpha-linolenic (omega-3) acids at levels typical for human milk has been recommended. However, previous feeding trials with LCP-enriched formulae evaluated only a dietary supplementation with omega-3 LCP from fish oils alone or with both omega-3 and omega-6 LCP at levels considerably lower than usual human milk contents. We studied the effects of an LBWI formula providing the major omega-3 and omega-6 LCP, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids, in amounts similar to those in average human milk. Twenty-seven LBWIs were enrolled in this study when they tolerated full enteral feeding (> or = 130 ml milk/kg/day). Infants either received their own mother's milk (n = 8, birthweight 1218 +/- 146 g, gestational age 30.2 +/- 1.5 weeks, mean +/- SD) fortified with protein and minerals (FM-85, Nestle Ag, Munchen, Germany; dosage 5 g/100 ml milk) or were randomly assigned to blinded batches of an LBWI formula (Prematil, Milupa AG, Friedrichsdorf, Germany) without LCP (n = 10, 1280 +/- 229 g, 31.1 +/- 3.1 weeks) or with LCP (n = 9, 1253 +/- 334 g, 30.4 +/- 3.3 wks.). During the study period of 21 days, the three feeding groups did not differ in growth and feeding tolerances as assessed by occurrence of gastric residuals, spitting, or abdominal distention; however, firms stools were noted more frequently in the two formula groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed2004

Long-term consumption of infant formulas containing live probiotic bacteria: tolerance and safety.

BACKGROUND: Nonpathogenic live bacteria are consumed as food by many children, particularly in the form of yogurt. The tolerance and safety of long-term consumption of specific types and strains of probiotic bacteria are not well documented. OBJECTIVE: The goal was to evaluate tolerance to formulas containing 2 levels of probiotic supplementation and effects on growth, general clinical status, and intestinal health in free-living healthy infants. DESIGN: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of healthy infants aged 3-24 mo. Infants were assigned to receive a standard milk-based formula containing 1 x 10(7) colony-forming units (CFU)/g each of Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus, formula containing 1 x 10(6) CFU/g each of B. lactis and S. thermophilus, or unsupplemented formula. Clinical outcomes included formula intake, gastrointestinal tolerance, anthropometric measures, daycare attendance, and history of illness. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen infants aged ( +/- SD) 7.0 +/- 2.9 mo at enrollment consumed formula for 210 +/- 127 d. There were no significant differences in age, sex, formula consumption, or length of study between groups. The supplemented formulas were well accepted and were associated with a lower frequency of reported colic or irritability (P < 0.001) and a lower frequency of antibiotic use (P < 0.001) than was the unsupplemented formula. There were no significant differences between groups in growth, health care attention seeking, daycare absenteeism, or other health variables. CONCLUSION: Long-term consumption of formulas supplemented with B. lactis and S. thermophilus was well tolerated and safe and resulted in adequate growth, reduced reporting of colic or irritability, and a lower frequency of antibiotic use.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed2002

Gastrointestinal tolerance of a new infant milk formula in healthy infants: multicenter study conducted in Taiwan.

The objective of this study was to test whether the gastrointestinal tolerance of a new infant formula equalled or exceeded the tolerance of other milk-based infant formulas, and to compare the tolerance of the new formula to that of human milk. This prospective, observational, multicenter, open-label study was conducted in Taiwan. Healthy, full-term infants aged 28-98 days were enrolled on their current feeding regimen (no treatment assigned). Feeding regimens included human milk (HM), a new infant formula (NF, Similac Advance), other marketed infant formulas (OF, mainly Enfalac or S-26, HM + NF and HM + OF. Data for stool frequency, stool consistency and gastrointestinal intolerance symptoms were recorded in study diaries by parents for a period of two weeks. Gastrointestinal tolerance was evaluated in 967 infants, of whom 481 (49.7%) received NF, 312 (32.2%) received OF, 101 (10.4%) received HM + NF, 41 (4.2%) received HM + OF and 32 (3.3%) received HM. Infants fed HM only had softer and more frequent stools than those who received NF only or OF only (P < 0.001). Infants fed NF only had softer stools than those fed OF only (P < 0.001), including those fed either Enfalac or S-26 (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between feeding groups for the incidence of general intolerance, spit-up or flatulence. All feeding regimens were well tolerated. We thereby concluded that NF is well tolerated in healthy infants and results in stool consistencies that more closely resemble those of infants fed human milk than those of infants fed other formulas.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Lead intoxication from lead-contaminated water used to reconstitute infant formula.

The lead found in drinking water can be a source of lead poisoning to young children, particularly those who consume large amounts of water. The authors describe a 13-month-old infant who was discovered to have plumbism during routine evaluation. The lead source was ultimately traced to the daily administration of powdered formula which was prepared with home tap water having a first-draw lead content of 130 parts per billion. This case suggests that whenever infants are fed powdered formula, consideration should be given to analysis of the home tap water for lead content.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Prebiotics in infant formulas: biochemical characterisation by thin layer chromatography and high performance anion exchange chromatography.

BACKGROUND: Breast-fed infants, unlike bottle-fed babies, have a microbic intestinal flora characterised by a marked predominance of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria. This is essentially due to the prebiotic effect of oligosaccharides in human milk. Recently, oligosaccharides with a prebiotic effect have been added to formulas. Aim. To characterise the mixture of oligosaccharides contained in these new formulas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The characterisation of oligosaccharides was performed using thin layer chromatography as well as high performance anion exchange chromatography. RESULTS: The mixture of oligosaccharides used in the formulas analysed was made up of oligosaccharides with low molecular weight (transgalactosylated oligosaccharides) and polysaccharides with high molecular weight (inulin). CONCLUSION: With the methods employed, it was possible to characterise the mixture of oligosaccharides used as prebiotics in the formulas now available on the market.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗