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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Serotonergic mediation of spinal analgesia and its interaction with noradrenergic systems.

Serotonin was administered intrathecally onto cat spinal cords to evaluate the pharmacology by which it suppresses noxiously evoked activity of wide-dynamic-range (WDR) neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Doses of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 micrograms serotonin produced significant suppression of the mean noxiously evoked activity of WDR neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (21, 44, and 69% at 30 min, respectively). The dose-dependent effects were partially reversed by the intravenous administration of the serotonin antagonist methysergide (1 or 2 mg). Intravenous administration of the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) produced a significant antagonism of the effects of serotonin. In contrast to the effects of methysergide and yohimbine, intravenous administration of naloxone or the alpha 1-antagonist corynanthine had no effect upon the suppressive effects of serotonin. The combination of low-dose serotonin and low-dose clonidine produced a supraadditive effect (30% at 30 min). These data support the concept that noradrenergic systems, possibly through an alpha 2-adrenergic mechanism, are involved in the modulation of spinal WDR neurons by serotonin.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed1980

Respiratory depression after intrathecal narcotics.

Three out of six patients who had received 1 mg of morphine and 0.22 ml plain bupivacaine 0.5%/segment as a subarachnoid spinal anaesthetic developed serious and delayed respiratory depression on several occasions. This was reversed by intravenous naloxone. It is postulated that the morphine had diffused to the level of the cisterna magnum and thence through brain tissue around the fourth ventricle. Naloxone did not reverse the analgesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Leukemia inhibitory factor induces sympathetic sprouting in intact dorsal root ganglia in the adult rat in vivo.

1. The role of the cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in axotomy-induced sprouting of postganglionic sympathetic fibres into the dorsal root ganglia was examined in the adult rat. 2. Immunocytochemistry was used to study the distribution and density of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) fibres within the lumbar dorsal root ganglia and lumbar spinal nerves 14 days following continuous intrathecal infusion of LIF (0.33 mg ml-1), or 14 days following unilateral peripheral nerve axotomy. 3. In LIF-treated animals, numerous pericellular TH-IR basket-like structures were observed surrounding sensory neurones, which were absent from controls. 4. The number of TH-IR fibres within the L3, L4 and L5 spinal nerves was significantly higher in LIF-treated animals than in control or saline-treated animals (P < 0.01, Student's t test). 5. Unilateral ligation of the L4 spinal nerve or unilateral sciatic nerve ligation was also associated with the formation of TH-IR baskets around sensory neurons and a significant increase in the number of TH-IR fibres within the lumbar spinal nerves (P < 0.01, Student's t test). 6. The percentage of neurones surrounded by TH-IR baskets within the L3 and L4 dorsal root ganglia following sciatic axotomy was significantly reduced in animals treated continuously for 2 weeks with a monoclonal antibody against the LIF receptor motif, gp130 (0.833 mg ml-1) (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Antibody treatment did not reduce the axotomy-induced increase in TH-IR fibres within lumbar spinal nerves. 7. These results demonstrate that exogenous application of the axotomy-associated cytokine LIF is associated with sprouting of uninjured postganglionic sympathetic neurones around sensory neurones within the dorsal root ganglion. It is likely that increased LIF expression following peripheral axotomy plays an important role in the novel sympathetic sprouting observed within sensory ganglia following peripheral nerve injury.

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed2006

Intrathecal administration of Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 antisense oligonucleotide reverses tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats following chronic compression of dorsal root of ganglion.

AIM: The present study aimed to elucidate the role of T-subtype calcium channels (Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3) in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain at spinal level. METHODS: The chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion (CCD) rat model was adopted. The antisense oligonucleotide of Cav3.1, Cav3.2, and Cav3.3 or normal saline (NS) were intrathecally administered twice per day from the first day to the fourth day after operation. Paw mechanical withdrawal threshold and paw thermal withdrawal latency were measured to evaluate the tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, respectively. RESULTS: CCD rats developed reliable tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia after operation. Intrathecal administration of antisense oligonucleotide of Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 significantly relieved tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCD rats, but not Cav3.1. CONCLUSION: Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 subtype calcium channels in the spinal cord may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, which may contribute to the management of the neuropathic pain.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Cauda equina syndrome after induction of spinal anesthesia.

In this report the authors present a case of cauda equina syndrome that developed following induction of spinal anesthesia in a patient who had no apparent preexisting bleeding abnormality. An acute subdural hematoma caused the syndrome and was believed to have resulted from direct vascular trauma during administration of spinal anesthesia or from vascular trauma combined with thrombocytopenia in the postoperative period.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Perispinal TNF-alpha inhibition for discogenic pain.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential of etanercept, a biological inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), delivered by perispinal administration, for the treatment of pain associated with intervertebral disc disease. METHODS: Charts from 20 selected patients treated at our private clinic by perispinal delivery of etanercept 25 mg for severe, chronic, treatment-resistant discogenic pain were reviewed. Therapeutic benefit was assessed clinically and was documented by changes in a validated pain instrument, the Oswestry Disability Index. The patients were treated off-label with etanercept as part of our usual practice of medicine. Five detailed case reports are presented, including three additional patients. RESULTS: Rapid, substantial and sustained clinical pain reduction was documented in this selected group of patients. The cohort of 20 patients had a mean age of 56.5 and mean duration of pain of 116 months. Nine of the patients had undergone previous spinal surgery; 17 had received an epidural steroid injection or injections (mean 3.2). This group of patients received a mean of 1.8 doses (range 1-5, median 1.0) of etanercept during the observation period. The mean length of follow-up was 230 days. Clinical improvement was confirmed by a decrease in the calculated Oswestry Disability Index from a mean of 54.85 +/- 12.5 at baseline, improving to 17.2 +/- 15.3 (p <0.003) at 24 days and ending at 9.8 +/- 13 (p <0.003) at 230 days. CONCLUSIONS: TNF inhibition by etanercept delivered by perispinal administration may offer clinical benefit for patients with chronic, treatment-resistant discogenic pain. Further study of this new treatment modality is warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Spinal and interpleural bupivacaine for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

The promising interpleural block (IPB) technique stimulated the comparison of its adjuvant effect to spinal analgesia for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with that of meperidine-diazepam. Twenty five patients receiving spinal analgesia 15 mg 0.5% heavy bupivacaine for PCNL were randomly allocated to receive the adjuvant effect of either meperidine 1 mg/kg IV and diazepam 10 mg total dose (n = 10) or IPB with 10 ml 0.5% plain bupivacaine (n = 15). It was found that IPB produced a totally pain free operation and needed less frequent administration in the postoperative period, while meperidine-diazepam produced a pain free in 20% of patients and needed more frequent postoperative meperidine (1 mg/kg IM) administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Changes in the excitability of motor neurons and synaptic effects on them during the formation of a locomotor generator in the cat].

It is shown on decorticated (high-decerebrated) and spinal cats and on spinal cats injected with DOPA that the activation of the spinal locomotor generator is accompanied by an increase of the extensor and a decrease of the flexor motoneurons' excitability, an increase of the recurrent and reciprocal Ia inhibition, a decrease of Ib and flexor reflex afferent influences on motoneurons. The possible physiological role of changes in tuning of the spinal segmental apparatus in the generation of the locomotor rhythm is discussed.

Animals↗