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Results for “Intention”

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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Intentional body clipping of wide-necked basilar artery bifurcation aneurysms.

OBJECT: Neck clipping or coil embolization cannot always achieve complete neck obstruction in wide-necked basilar artery (BA) bifurcation aneurysms. Clipping of the aneurysm body, leaving a small aneurysm rest, is one clipping method used for this kind of aneurysm to maintain the patency of the posterior cerebral arteries and perforating vessels. However, the long-term efficacy of intentional body clipping has not been well investigated. The authors reviewed their experience with intentional body clipping of wide-necked BA bifurcation aneurysms to determine suitable clipping techniques and the long-term efficacy of the procedure. METHODS: Complete neck occlusion was abandoned and body clipping intentionally performed in 17 patients with BA bifurcation aneurysms; wrapping of the aneurysm rest was made in seven cases. There were 10 ruptured aneurysms (58.8%), and the size of the aneurysm was larger than 10 mm in 11 patients (64.7%). The width between the clip blades and the base of the aneurysm neck was 1 mm in 11 cases, 2 mm in four, and 3 mm in two. Favorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale [GOS] Score 4 or 5) was obtained in 13 cases (76.5%) and unfavorable outcome (GOS Scores 1-3) in four cases (23.5%). Major causes of unfavorable outcome included injury to perforating arteries and major vessel occlusion following surgical manipulation, in addition to the primary damage caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage did not occur during a mean follow-up period of 7.4+/-5.6 years (range 0.7-18.1 years) after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intentional body clipping of wide-necked BA aneurysms proved to be effective to prevent subarachnoid hemorrhage, although injury to perforating arteries remains problematic. The choice of complete neck clipping or body clipping should be established early during the microsurgical procedure to reduce the risk of injury to perforating vessels.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Social cognitive predictors of sun protection intention and behavior.

The authors investigated sunbathing behavior and intention prospectively using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Before summer, 85 young adults who intended to sunbathe completed a TPB questionnaire. After summer; 46 of them completed a second questionnaire about their summertime sunbathing behavior The proposed model was successful in predicting both behavior and intention to use sun protection, with 45% of the variance of self-reported sunscreen use and 32% of the variance in intention explained by the TPB. Items designed to measure self-efficacy and perceived control loaded onto different factors and demonstrated discriminant validity. Self-efficacy predicted both intention and behavior (after controlling for all other TPB variables), but perceived behavioral control did not. The authors discuss the implications of the findings for potential interventions to improve sun protection behavior

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Intention and awareness in perceptual identification priming.

We show that inferences can be made about differences in retrieval intentionality between direct and indirect tests, even when those tests involve different physical cues. When the presence of old items was not mentioned (indirect test condition), we observed a crossed double dissociation between perceptual identification priming and recognition memory as a function of a manipulation of data-driven versus conceptually driven processing at encoding. When subjects were instructed to use their memory to help them identify test items (intentional retrieval condition), priming could be expressed as a monotonically increasing function of recognition memory performance. This reversed association (Dunn & Kirsner, 1988) between priming and recognition memory cannot be accommodated by a model that views intentional retrieval as common to the tests and attributes the crossed double dissociation to an intertest difference in physical cues and associated processes. A posttest questionnaire measure indicated that awareness of the presence of previously encountered items was ubiquitous among indirect test subjects. Crossed double dissociations between direct and indirect measures can therefore be ascribed to differences in retrieval intentionality but not necessarily to differences in subjective awareness of the past.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use of interactive health communication to affect smoking intentions in middle school students: a pilot test of the "Headbutt" risk assessment program.

PURPOSE: Developing and disseminating innovative and effective approaches for smoking prevention among middle school children remains a public health priority. This pilot study evaluates the use of a Web-based tobacco prevention program, Headbutt, to change intentions of middle school children to smoke tobacco. METHODS: Headbutt was implemented with the use of a single-group pretest-posttest study design in sixth grade classes of nine middle schools in Texas (student n = 2227). The program assesses cognitive determinants of smoking and provides intervention feedback tailored to the child's responses. RESULTS: Headbutt significantly affected smoking intentions, prosmoking attitudes, self-efficacy expectations, and knowledge of negative consequences (all p < or = .001) measured with scales adopted from the Texas Tobacco Initiative Survey. Change in prosmoking attitudes had the greatest predictive effect on smoking intentions (p < .001). These results were moderated by ethnicity and age of students. CONCLUSION: Findings need to be interpreted in the light of study design limitations. However, strong associations between the Headbutt program and intention change suggests that a more rigorous effectiveness trial is indicated.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Partner effects on a woman's intention to conceive: 'not with this partner'.

CONTEXT: Current definitions of pregnancy intention that are useful at aggregate levels are weak at the individual level. This is especially true in social contexts where childbearing and pregnancy often occur within casual or transient relationships. METHODS: Extensive data on lifetime partnerships and sexual behaviors, including pregnancies and births, from 250 low-income women who had experienced a total of 839 pregnancies are used to explore correlates of intention to conceive, as well as the extent to which women attribute their intentions to a current partnership. RESULTS: Some 57% of reported pregnancies were unintended. Overall, 21% of the women had not wished to conceive at least one of their pregnancies with the partner who impregnated them; that proportion rose to 33% among women who had had only unintended pregnancies. Even among women who had had no unintended pregnancies, 18% had had at least one conception that they had not wanted with their partner at the time of conception. Women were less likely to say they had not wanted to conceive with a particular partner if they were living with that partner than if they were not. The likelihood of not having wanted a pregnancy with a given partner rose with the lifetime number of serious partners. Pregnancies that were not wanted with a particular partner were more than twice as likely to end in abortion as were those that were (33% vs. 14%). CONCLUSIONS: Among these women, the desire to avoid childbearing relates more to the couple involved in the conception than to abstract notions of completed family size. It would therefore be useful to include items pertaining to partner relationships in future studies of pregnancy intention.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

The guilty but mentally ill verdict: a review and conceptual analysis of intent and impact.

The purpose of this article is to review the law and literature involving the guilty but mentally ill (GBMI) verdict to provide a clear conceptual examination of the actual intent and impact of the verdict. Such an examination may help to clarify continuing debates and confusion about the nature of GBMI and its success in addressing perceived problems with insanity acquittals. This review suggests that the actual intentions of the GBMI verdict are associated with minimal and largely unsuccessful results. In addition, the typical absence of treatment for defendants found GBMI appears unsurprising given that the provision of treatment for mentally ill offenders is not a legal intention of the GBMI verdict. Finally, the introduction of the GBMI verdict has had unintended negative consequences that include increased confusion among jurors and the legal profession and possible increased occurrence of inappropriate verdicts. In conclusion, significant problems can be noted with regard to both the intent and impact of the GBMI verdict.

Crime↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Memory for/and execution of future intentions: evidence from patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.

Prospective remembering was studied in a group of patients who suffered from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE). All patients showed a marked deficit in executing intentions for future actions under all the given constraints. The deficit extended to both time- and event-based intentions. The analysis of errors showed somewhat different patterns and some dissociations with evidence for selective preservation or damage to specific components involved in prospective remembering. These patients, in fact, may fail because of a difficulty in taking into account all given constraints or in activating stored intentions and in forming intentions or in remembering the content of the actions. Time- and event-based tasks seem to show different sources of errors also in the same patient.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Factors predictive of adolescents' intentions to use birth control pills, condoms, and birth control pills in combination with condoms.

Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen, 1988) as a conceptual framework, 705 secondary school students were surveyed to identify their intentions to use birth control pills, condoms, and birth control pills in combination with condoms. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that the theory explained between 23.5% and 45.8% of the variance in intentions. Variables external to the model such as past use, age, and ethnicity exhibited some independent effects. Attitudes were consistently predictive of intentions to use condoms, pills, and condoms in combination with pills for both male and female students. However, there were differences by gender in the degree to which subjective norms and perceived behavioural control predicted intentions. The findings suggest that programs should focus on: creation of positive attitudes regarding birth control pills and condoms; targeting important social influences, particularly regarding males' use of condoms; and developing strategies to increase students' control over the use of condoms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Chinese mothers intention to breastfeed, actual achievement and early postnatal experience.

Thirty Chinese primiparous mothers were asked during the antenatal period their breastfeeding intention and then interviewed at delivery and 6 weeks post delivery. One mother had no intention to breastfeed. Ten mothers intended exclusive breastfeeding for one month and 19 for 6 weeks or more. At 6 weeks post delivery only 4 mothers were still breastfeeding. A total of 22 (73%) did not achieve their initial intention. For any future pregnancy, 5 chose exclusive breastfeeding, 22 complementary and 3 formula feeding. Chinese primiparous mothers have high breastfeeding intentions but the majority do not achieve them and their experience has discouraged them from exclusive breastfeeding in future pregnancies.

Asian People↗

PubMed2000

The two-dose measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) immunisation schedule: factors affecting maternal intention to vaccinate.

BACKGROUND: In the light of sub-optimal uptake of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination, we investigated the factors that influence the intentions of mothers to vaccinate. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey of 300 mothers in Birmingham with children approaching a routine MMR vaccination was conducted using a postal questionnaire to measure: intention to vaccinate, psychological variables, knowledge of the vaccine, and socioeconomic status. The vaccination status of the children was obtained from South Birmingham Child Health Surveillance Unit. RESULTS: The response rate was 59%. Fewer mothers approaching the second MMR vaccination (Group 2) intended to take their children for this vaccination than Group 1 (mothers approaching the first MMR vaccination) (Mann-Whitney U = 2180, P < 0.0001). Group 2 expressed more negative beliefs about the outcome of having the MMR vaccine ('vaccine outcome beliefs') (Mann-Whitney U = 2155, P < 0.0001), were more likely to believe it was 'unsafe' (chi 2 = 9.114, P = 0.004) and that it rarely protected (chi 2 = 6.882, P = 0.014) than Group 1. The commonest side-effect cited was general malaise, but 29.8% cited autism. The most trusted source of information was the general practitioner but the most common source of information on side-effects was television (34.6%). Multiple linear regression revealed that, in Group 1, only 'vaccine outcome beliefs' significantly predicted intention (77.1% of the variance). In Group 2 'vaccine outcome beliefs', attitude to the MMR vaccine, and prior MMR status all predicted intention (93% of the variance). CONCLUSION: A major reason for the low uptake of the MMR vaccination is that it is not perceived to be important for children's health, particularly the second dose. Health education from GPs is likely to have a considerable impact.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed2001

Maintaining intentional control of behavior under alcohol.

BACKGROUND: This research used a process dissociation paradigm to measure the influence of controlled and automatic processes on a word-stem completion task when correct performance under alcohol was positively reinforced, or had no particular consequence. It was predicted that the impairing effect of alcohol on controlled processes that govern intentional control of behavior would be resisted when drinkers were reinforced for performing well. METHODS: Four groups of eight male drug-free social drinkers initially studied a list of words. Two of the groups then received 0.56 g/kg alcohol (A) and two received a placebo (P) before the stem-completion task was performed. During the task, the correct responses of one pair of A and P groups were reinforced (money and verbal approval) whereas no reinforcement was provided to the other pair. RESULTS: As predicted, under alcohol, the influence of controlled processes that govern intentional responses was greater when reinforcement was provided than when it was absent (p = 0.005). Without reinforcement, controlled processes in the A group were lower than the P control group (p = 0.01). In contrast, the A and P groups that received reinforcement did not differ (p = 0.142). Controlled processes in the P groups were not affected by reinforcement (p = 0.65). In addition, the influence of automatic processes was not affected by alcohol or by reinforcement (p > 0.781). CONCLUSIONS: Positive reinforcement for behavior under alcohol increases the influence of controlled processes. These results suggest that the degree to which intentional control is retained under alcohol depends on the consequence of behavior in the situation. It seems that controlled processes enable drinkers to intentionally display the behavior that is rewarded.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Action-monitoring and intention reporting in children with autism.

The " mindblindness" theory of core cognitive impairment in autism and at least one of the executive theories of the core cognitive deficit both predict that children with autism should find it difficult to report what their intention was when it diverged from an outcome. The former predicts this because it takes intention reporting to require a " theory of mind " and the latter predicts it because the theory posits an impairment in the monitoring of goal-directed actions. The latter also predicts impairments in the ability to monitor basic actions. Our three studies failed to support either of these views. Experiment 1 demonstrated intact abilities in the monitoring of basic actions (detecting which stimulus of a number of stimuli one is controlling). Experiment 2 demonstrated intact abilities in reporting an intention, both for self and for another agent, when the outcome was unintended but desired. In Experiment 3, using the novel "transparent intentions task", we found (with a minor qualification) intact ability in reporting on nonballistic intended actions when the result that the action achieved was unexpected. The implications of these results for views of the relation between theory of mind and executive difficulties in autism are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗

PubMed2001

The influence of professional commitment on turnover intention.

This study investigated the influence of professional commitment on turnover intentions of nurses. The study also examined the relationships between demographic data, work-related variables and the professional commitment. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed to one fifth of Southern Taiwan's population of nurses (n = 4,000). A total of 2,543 subjects completed the questionnaires with a 63.6% response rate. The nurses exhibited a medium-high degree of overall professional commitment. Age, salary, years in profession and years in organization were correlated significantly with professional commitment by Pearson's correlation. There were significant correlations between professional commitment and marital status, educational level, status of the youngest child, level of position, and family support in Spearman's correlations. Family support, age, level of position and status of hospital were the significant predictors in the final regression analysis model. The discriminant analysis showed that 45.4% of nursing professional commitment was correctly classified in predicting intention to leave the profession and 33.1% in predicting the intention to leave the organization. The study recommended that nursing professional commitment is an important moderator to affect the turnover intention of staff nurses.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Intentional childhood injuries in Greece 1996-97--data from a population-based Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS).

AIM: It has been gradually recognized that intentional injuries among children represent a largely hidden problem in modern societies. With the exception of mortality, population-based data from Greece have not been previously reported. To assess the magnitude and the characteristics of intentional injuries among children aged 0-14 years old, data from the population-based Emergency Department Injury Surveillance System (EDISS) database during the period 1996-97 were used. METHODS: EDISS relies on personal interviews with children and their escorts who contact the emergency departments of three hospitals. Two of these hospitals are district hospitals of the county of Magnesia and the island of Corfu, whereas the other is a university children's hospital that covers the Greater Athens area on alternative days. RESULTS: Among 46.807 children recorded in EDISS, 108 injuries (0.23%) were attributed to acts of violence. Among the 108 intentional injuries, only 11 were caused by firearms or other weapons and only 4 concerned infants. In comparison to unintentional home and leisure injuries, intentional childhood injuries increase significantly with age and they are more common among migrant children. They occur more frequently during late night and early morning hours, they are more serious, and they are more often multiple and concentrated on the head. CONCLUSIONS: In Greece. a problem of violence directed against children does exist. The actual magnitude of this problem is difficult to estimate, but its size appears to be smaller in comparison with that reported in other populations.

Accidents↗

PubMed1975

The effects of provocation, intentions, and consequences on children's moral judgments.

Dutch boys 8 and 12 years old read brief stories about a harm doer whose intentions were either good or bad and whose actions resulted in either minor or serious injury to a victim. The harm doer had previously been either strongly provoked or not provoked by the victim. The older boys differentiated their evaluations of the harm doer's naughtiness on the basis of provocation and intentions, while the younger boys failed to differentiate their evaluations of the provoked harm doer on the basis of intentions. Both age groups strongly differentiated their judgments of the victim's naughtiness on the basis of his role as provoker, except when the victim was seriously injured by a bad-intentioned aggressor.

Aggression↗

PubMed2003

Family building intentions in England and Wales: trends, outcomes and interpretations.

This article presents and analyses women's childbearing intentions collected in the General Household Survey (GHS). Data from the 21 surveys from 1979 to 2001 show that over that period there has been a fall in women's intended numbers of births. However the latest data (from the 1998, 2000 and 2001 surveys) show that the average number of children intended is still around two, somewhat higher than the average number of children current fertility rates suggest women will have. The questions of whether this difference can be interpreted as possible unmet need for children, whether past intentions have been good predictors of fertility, and how current intentions may be used to inform projections assumptions are discussed. In relation to the last question, fertility intentions by ethnic group are also presented.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Intention myoclonus in Huntington's disease.

A patient is described with severe intention myoclonus which was made worse by treatment with L-Dopa and improved by clonazepam. Family history and examination of several siblings suggested the diagnosis of Huntington's disease. Subsequent to improvement of the myoclonus the patient appeared to have the rigid form of Huntington's disease. This case represents a unique expression for an otherwise well defined genetic abnormality. Stimulus activated myoclonus in a common feature of a number of disorders of the nervous system. Intention, or action myoclonus has been the subject of increasing interest because of its association with the syndrome of post-anoxic encephalopathy (1), although it may occur with other disorders as well. Many abnormal movements have been reported in Huntington's disease, but myoclonus is a relatively uncommon feature of this disorder and to our knowledge intention myoclonus has not been reported as a major symptom. We recently have evaluated a patient with disabling intention myoclonus and examined several members of his family who have typical Huntington's disease. We therefore report this case, a unique presentation of an otherwise well described movement disturbance.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Collagen powder dressings in the healing of secondary intention wounds. Report of a case].

The wounds mean not only an important bio-psico-social problem for the patient who suffers them, but also an important economic burden for the sanitary system. One of the many wounds classifications allows us to differentiate between acute wounds (slight traumatism, surgical wounds...) and chronic wounds (pressure ulcers, vascular ulcers...), this differentiation allows us to distinguish between wound healing by primary intention (that occurs in acute wounds where filling of cavity is not needed). And wound repair by secondary intention (the way by which chronic wounds are normally solved), a long process in time that needs the filling of the cavity with a neoformation tissue, the granulation tissue. In the present article we described the use of a new dressing of exogenous collagen (Catrix) in the healing of wounds by secondary intention, as well as the actions of this dressing in the different phases of healing. For all it, we supported by a clinical case treated in our unit that corresponds to the healing by second intention of a post-surgical wound secondary to debride by a suppurative hydrosadenitis, that was admitted to our unit waiting for skin graft.

Bandages↗