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PubMed2005

Generation X: implications for faculty recruitment and development in academic health centers.

Differences and tensions between the Baby Boom generation (born 1945-1962) and Generation X (born 1963-1981) have profound implications for the future of academic medicine. By and large, department heads and senior faculty are Boomers; today's residents and junior faculty are Generation X'ers. Looking at these issues in terms of the generations involved offers insights into a number of faculty development challenges, including inadequate and inexpert mentoring, work-life conflicts, and low faculty morale. These insights suggest strategies for strengthening academic medicine's recruitment and retention of Generation X into faculty and leadership roles. These strategies include (1) improving career and academic advising by specific attention to mentoring "across differences"--for instance, broaching the subject of formative differences in background during the initial interaction; adopting a style that incorporates information-sharing with engagement in problem solving; offering frequent, frank feedback; and refraining from comparing today to the glories of yesterday; to support such improvements, medical schools should recognize and evaluate mentoring as a core academic responsibility; (2) retaining both valued women and men in academic careers by having departments add temporal flexibility and create and legitimize less-than-full-time appointments; and (3) providing trainees and junior faculty with ready access to educational sessions designed to turn their "intellectual capital" into "academic career capital."Given the trends discussed in this article, such supports and adaptations are indicated to assure that academic health centers maintain traditions of excellence.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2005

Changing medical students' attitudes about older adults and future older patients.

BACKGROUND: An important step in educating future physicians to care for older patients is to diminish the influence of negative stereotypes they often hold about older people. This study presents outcomes of a mentors-on-aging program designed to promote positive attitudes toward older adults and older patients among medical students. METHOD: A pretest, posttest, control group design, with survey data, was used. RESULTS: Analysis of students' preprogram responses compared to postprogram responses indicated that their attitudes did improve. Furthermore, the students' postprogram attitudes toward older adults were more positive than the control group's; however, their attitudes toward older patients did not differ from the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A mentors-on-aging program offering students interaction with healthy, active older adults can help students to acquire positive attitudes toward older people. More targeted experiences with generally healthy older people as patients may be needed to significantly improve students' attitudes toward older patients.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mentoring--a staff retention tool.

Staff retention presents a common challenge for hospitals nationwide. Mentorship programs have been explored as one method of creating environments that promote staff retention. Successful achievement of nurse competencies identified in the Synergy Model for Patient Care can best be achieved in an environment that encourages and facilitates mentoring. Mentoring relationships in critical care provide the ongoing interactions, coaching, teaching, and role modeling to facilitate nurses' progression along this continuum. Mentoring relationships offer support and professional development for nurses at all levels within an organization as well as an optimistic outlook for the nursing profession.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The first diabetes educator is the family: using illness representation to recognize a multigenerational legacy of diabetes.

PURPOSE: This article proposes a framework for understanding multigenerational legacies of diabetes, which will assist with designing educational interventions for individuals with a known family history of type 2 diabetes. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: Diabetes is a chronic illness that has an associated hereditary predisposition. Family members at risk in subsequent generations may be influenced by the prior generation's experiences. Multigenerational legacies and stories shape a family's health beliefs and response to illness and transmit patterns of adaptation across generations. METHOD: A review of the literature from 1984 to 2004 was conducted to identify evidence of legacies of chronic illness. OUTCOME: Family-systems-illness-disability Model and Theory of Illness Representation were used to guide the development of a framework of multigenerational legacies of diabetes. INTERPRETATION/CONCLUSION: A framework for understanding the influence of illness representation on multigenerational legacy of type 2 diabetes is presented. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Clinicians are in need of a useful framework that can provide direction as they attempt to understand the effect of a family history of diabetes on the health behavior of the next generation of family members with diabetes. This framework could serve to guide them as they probe for information relevant to the influence of recollections about the family member's experience with diabetes on an individual's health behavior.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Values expressed through intergenerational family food and nutrition management systems among African American women.

This grounded theory investigation aimed to understand intergenerational family roles and the food management strategies of African American women from a social-ecological perspective. Thirty women from 10 low/moderate-income 3-generation urban families participated in interviews covering roles, health, nutrition, and food management strategies. Four dynamic family systems for managing food and nutrition emerged from qualitative data analysis. Participants expressed values of responsibility, social connections, caretaking, reward, and equal opportunity, and fulfilling responsibilities for family care, connections, and finances. These values and systems provide a basis for culturally appropriate, interpersonal-level nutrition interventions among African American women that build on family structures, needs, and resources.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of social support on cardiovascular health in families.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify how social support in families can influence the health behaviors of multigenerational families already at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using a case study method, semistructured individual and family group interviews were conducted of 3 members of 10 families (N = 30) with known cardiovascular risk. Each family member represented a different generation. The index member was a senior or middle family member who had undergone coronary bypass surgery. A convenience sample was recruited from individuals having had coronary bypass surgery at a regional hospital in a rural area. Prior to group family interviews, each participant completed a behavior risk questionnaire to determine high or low risk of CVD. A subsample of 6 participants received individual interviews. A participant with high CVD risk and one with low CVD risk represented each generation. Themes generated from the family interviews formed the basis for the individual interview questions. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed, and interviewer reflections were documented. Analysis consisted of coding, naming, and categorizing data according to conceptual patterns. The findings revealed examples of family social support that influenced cardiovascular health behaviors. Opportunities are identified as to when healthcare professionals can encourage positive social support and sustained changes in health behaviors in families already at risk for CVD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Ten-year research update review: child sexual abuse.

OBJECTIVE To provide clinicians with current information on prevalence, risk factors, outcomes, treatment, and prevention of child sexual abuse (CSA). To examine the best-documented examples of psychopathology attributable to CSA. METHOD Computer literature searches of and for key words. All English-language articles published after 1989 containing empirical data pertaining to CSA were reviewed. RESULTS CSA constitutes approximately 10% of officially substantiated child maltreatment cases, numbering approximately 88,000 in 2000. Adjusted prevalence rates are 16.8% and 7.9% for adult women and men, respectively. Risk factors include gender, age, disabilities, and parental dysfunction. A range of symptoms and disorders has been associated with CSA, but depression in adults and sexualized behaviors in children are the best-documented outcomes. To date, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) of the child and a nonoffending parent is the most effective treatment. Prevention efforts have focused on child education to increase awareness and home visitation to decrease risk factors. CONCLUSIONS CSA is a significant risk factor for psychopathology, especially depression and substance abuse. Preliminary research indicates that CBT is effective for some symptoms, but longitudinal follow-up and large-scale "effectiveness" studies are needed. Prevention programs have promise, but evaluations to date are limited.

Awareness↗
PubMed2000

Transgenerational health promotion.

The Adult Health and Development Program (AHDP) is an intergenerational, interdisciplinary health promotion and rehabilitation program in which nursing and other college students are paired with older adults to engage in activities to improve their health and well-being. The purpose of this article is to describe resources and strategies used to implement a new program. The University of Delaware's program uses the ACAEM Paradigm developed by the AHDP at the University of Maryland where the program has existed for 27 years. However, the University of Delaware emphasizes the concepts of transition as described by Schumacher and Meleis and adult learning theory. Older adults are often the most open to education and other forms of support when they need help in making a change or transition in their lives. Schumacher and Meleis contend that transitions are a central concept in nursing and propose a model of transition in which education is the primary modality for preparing for transitions. The model also specifies ways to measure desirable transition outcomes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The meaning of time in oldest-old age.

In a phenomenological study that described the lived experience of adults older than 85 years, 19 oldest-old adults' lived time is illuminated by 5 themes: Defining Self Through Experience, Being Situated in Time, Knowing Lifetime Is Limited, Planning for the Future, and Leaving a Legacy.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Understanding Generation X employees.

Understanding Generation X employees--those born between 1961 and 1981--is essential if they are to be recruited into and retained in nursing and their potential maximized. The author discusses the times, characteristics, and work values and demands of Generation X. Armed with an enhanced understanding, nurse administrators are better prepared to maximize the potential of Generation X employees.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Retaining and recruiting mature experienced nurses: a multicomponent organizational strategy.

The aging and impending retirement of the nursing work force will worsen the nursing shortage. Because nurses retire for a variety of reasons, retaining older nurses or delaying their retirement requires a multifactorial method. The authors describe one medical center's multifaceted approach and subsequent strategies to create a work environment conducive to retaining the mature, experienced nurse.

Adult↗