SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Intestine, Large”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Injury of large intestine in urgent surgery].

The results of examination and surgical treatment of 108 patients (93 males, 15 females), aged from 19 to 73 years, with large intestine injuries of different origin are presented. Large intestine injuries as a result of stab-incised abdominal wounds was in 58 patients, gunshot wounds--in 29, blunt trauma--in 21. The diagnosis of large intestine injuries was based on clinico-laboratory, X-ray and instrumental examinations. The injury of blind intestine was revealed in 8 patients, ascending colon--in 11, transverse colon--in 39, descending colon--in 5, sigmoid colon--in 45. All the patients were operated. The method of choice in the surgical treatment of these injuries was suturing of damaged portion of large intestine, which was performed in 72 patients. In 14 patients the suturing was complemented by decompressive colostomy, in 3--by extraperitonisation of the damaged site, in 4--by extraperitonisation and decompressive colostomy, in 2--by terminal ileostomy. Resection of damaged intestinal segment with primary anastomosis was performed in 4 patients, right-side hemicolectomy--in 7, Hartmann's operation--in 17, resection of large intestine with bitrunk colostoma creation--in 3, transfer of damaged segment of large intestine--in 5. Repeated operations for intestine integrity repair and fistula closure were performed in 47 patients. 18 (16.7%) patients died after operation as a result of peritonitis (7), shock and acute hemorrhage (10), denutrition due to intestinal fistula (1).

Abdominal Injuries↗

PubMed1992

N-linked glycopeptides with blood group determinants lacking neuraminic acid from the epithelial cells of rat small and large intestine.

The N-linked type of glycans were prepared as their glycopeptides after pronase digestion of the epithelial cells from the small and large intestine of two inbred strains of rat. These glycopeptides were analysed for sugar composition, for blood-group activity, by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and after permethylation by electron-impact mass spectrometry. The glycopeptides were of the triantennary and tetraantennary types with intersected GlcNAc. The terminal parts were, in contrast to most N-linked glycans, devoid of neuraminic acid residues. Instead they contained blood-group determinants. Blood-group-H types 1 (Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc) and 2(Fuc alpha 1-2Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc) were found in the small and large intestines of both strains, although type-1 predominated. One rat strain (GOT-W) did not express blood-group-A glycopeptides in the small intestine, but the large intestine from the same strain did. The other strain (GOT-BW) expressed blood-group-A determinants in the small intestine. The lack of neuraminic acid residues in the small and large intestine and of blood-group-B activity in the large intestine differed from that found in glycosphingolipids obtained from the same organs.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Morphological studies on precancerous lesions of the stomach and large intestine].

Precancerous conditions (high cancer-risk status) in the stomach and large intestine were discussed from a histological point of view. As to the conditions for the stomach, polyps (hyperplastic polyps and atypical epithelial lesions of flatly elevated type, so-called ATP), intestinal metaplasia and chronic ulcer (including ulcer scar), and as to those for the large intestine, adenomas and mucosa with some mucous changes were selected for this study. ATP was considered to be a neoplastic lesion rather than a hyperplastic or regenerative one, appearing with a high risk for a carcinoma of well-differentiated type: the lesion showed high incidence of focal carcinoma, particularly the ones more than 2 cm in diameter. Intestinal metaplasia has been frequently observed in the Japanese and when this change is drastically taken place, a consideration should be taken as a high risk factor for a well-differentiated carcinoma. Chronic gastric ulcer does not imply by itself a precancerous condition; however, the stomachs with ulcer seem to produce a several times higher incidence of coexistent carcinomas elsewhere in the stomach compared those without ulcer. Whether or not most of the invasive carcinomas are developed from adenomas remains debatable, even though adenoma of the large intestine is commonly suggested as a precancerous condition. A de novo carcinoma making an invasive carcinoma should also be considered. An increased sialomucin production in the mucosa of the large intestine occurred in a wide range also a possible factor for existence of carcinomas. Mucin changes demonstrated by Culling et al were discussed.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1975

[Changes in the large intestine after cholecystectomy].

Aiming at the establishment of the type and incidence of morphological and tonometric large intestine changes post cholecystectomy--64 patients were examined, 36 aged up to 50 and 28 over 50 by means of rectoromanoscopy, transrectoscopic biopsy, X-ray examination (passage and irigoscopy), balloon signography and anal tonometry. Morphological changes--catarrhal type (34.38%) were established to originate often in large intestine post cholecystectomy. Tonometric changes were observed in 56.25%. They are: hypertonic hypokinesia (45.32%) and hyperkinesia (10.93%). All patients with morphological changes are also and with tonometric disturbances. Ergo, 21.87% of the patients are with tonometric disturbances without pathomorphological changes. In the correlation of the morphological with tonometric changes, the catarrhal changes with hypertonic hypokinesia were established to be the most frequently met morbid combination and considerably more rarely--"catarrhal changes with hyperkinesia". Normotonia and normokinesia are most often found in cases with normal mucosa and considerably less rarely--hypertonic hypokinesia. The morphological as well as the tonometric changes are more frequent with age advancing of the patients and the growth of the time post cholecystectomy. Subjective complaints are reported from 56.25% of the patients. The most frequently met are feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, more rarely meteorism and rumble of the intestines and most rarely--pains along the large intestine. Objectively pain findings in the physical examination of abdomen and large intestines are established in 56.25% of the patients. Meteorism is most frequently established and relatively more rarely spastic large intestine and pain with its palpation (almost with equal frequency). Defecation is normal in 29.69% of the patients. The rest complain more often of diarrhea (45.32%) and more rarely of constipation (25%).

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Projections of chemically identified myenteric neurons of the small and large intestine of the mouse.

The projections of different subpopulations of myenteric neurons in the mouse small and large intestine were examined by combining immunohistological techniques with myotomy and myectomy operations. The myotomies were used to examine the polarity of neurons projecting within the myenteric plexus and showed that neurons containing immunoreactivity for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calbindin and 5-HT projected anally, while neurons with substance P (SP)-immunoreactivity projected orally, in both the small and large intestine. Neurons containing neuropeptide Y (NPY)- and calretinin-immunoreactivity projected locally. In the large intestine, GABA-immunoreactive neurons projected both orally and anally, with more axons tending to project anally. Myectomy operations revealed that circular muscle motor neurons containing NOS/VIP/ +/-NPY and calretinin neurons projected anally both in the small and large intestine, while SP-immunoreactive circular muscle motor neurons projected orally. In the large intestine, GABA-IR circular muscle motor neurons projected both orally and anally. This study showed that although some neurons, such as the NOS/VP inhibitory motor neurons and interneurons, SP excitatory motor neurons and 5-HT interneurons had similar projections to those in other species, the projections of other chemical classes of neurons in the mouse intestine differed from those reported in other species.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

An Escherichia coli MG1655 lipopolysaccharide deep-rough core mutant grows and survives in mouse cecal mucus but fails to colonize the mouse large intestine.

The ability of E. coli strains to colonize the mouse large intestine has been correlated with their ability to grow in cecal and colonic mucus. In the present study, an E. coli MG1655 strain was mutagenized with a mini-Tn5 Km (kanamycin) transposon, and mutants were tested for the ability to grow on agar plates with mouse cecal mucus as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. One mutant, designated MD42 (for mucus defective), grew poorly on cecal-mucus agar plates but grew well on Luria agar plates and on glucose minimal-agar plates. Sequencing revealed that the insertion in MD42 was in the waaQ gene, which is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core biosynthesis. Like "deep-rough" E. coli mutants, MD42 was hypersensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), bile salts, and the hydrophobic antibiotic novobiocin. Furthermore, its LPS core oligosaccharide was truncated, like that of a deep-rough mutant. MD42 initially grew in the large intestines of streptomycin-treated mice but then failed to colonize (<10(2) CFU per g of feces), whereas its parent colonized at levels between 10(7) and 10(8) CFU per g of feces. When mouse cecal mucosal sections were hybridized with an E. coli-specific rRNA probe, MD42 was observed in cecal mucus as clumps 24 h postfeeding, whereas its parent was present almost exclusively as single cells, suggesting that clumping may play a role in preventing MD42 colonization. Surprisingly, MD42 grew nearly as well as its parent during growth in undiluted, highly viscous cecal mucus isolated directly from the mouse cecum and, like its parent, survived well after reaching stationary phase, suggesting that there are no antimicrobials in mucus that prevent MD42 colonization. After mini-mariner transposon mutagenesis, an SDS-resistant suppressor mutant of MD42 was isolated. The mini-mariner insertion was shown to be in the bipA gene, a known regulator of E. coli surface components. When grown in Luria broth, the LPS core of the suppressor mutant remained truncated; however, the LPS core was not truncated when the suppressor mutant was grown in the presence of SDS. Moreover, when the suppressor mutant was grown in the presence of SDS and fed to mice, it colonized the mouse large intestine. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that BipA may play a role in E. coli MG1655 LPS core biosynthesis and that because MD42 forms clumps in intestinal mucus, it is unable to colonize the mouse large intestine.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Simultaneous resection with the creation of 2 anastomoses in synchronous multiple primary cancer of the large intestine].

The authors analysed surgical treatment of 26 patients with primary multiple carcinoma of the large intestine with localization of synchronous malignant tumors in distal parts of the large intestine. Eight of these patients underwent one-stage resection of the large intestine with the creation of two anastomoses. Establishment of primary anastomoses during one-stage resections for synchronous primary multiple carcinoma of the large intestine with an AKA-2 compression anastomosis apparatus and a "Skalpel-1" laser device did not deteriorate the immediate results of treatment of this group of patients. One-stage resections of the large intestine are more physiological than subtotal and total colectomy and are sufficiently radical operative interventions.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Projections of nitric oxide synthase- and peptide-containing neurons in the small and large intestines of the toad (Bufo marinus).

The projections of galanin (GAL)- and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive (IR) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing neurons in the small and large intestines of the amphibian Bufo marinus were investigated by their reactions to surgical interruption (myotomy). In the small intestine, myotomy caused accumulation of GAL- and VIP-IR and of NADPH diaphorase reaction product (revealing NOS) in cut axons on the oral side of the operation site. On the anal side there was loss of GAL-IR axons from the circular muscle and myenteric plexus and long, anally directed processes could be traced from GAL-IR nerve cell bodies. There was no significant loss of VIP-IR or NADPH diaphorase from nerve fibres in the myenteric plexus or circular muscle layer, although anally-directed axons could be traced from nerve cell bodies on the anal side of the operation sites. In the large intestine, myotomy caused accumulation of VIP-IR and of NADPH diaphorase reaction product in cut axons on the oral side of the operation site. Anal to the cut, although there was no significant loss of these fibres from the muscle or myenteric plexus, anally directed axons could be traced from nerve cell bodies. GAL-IR fibres in the large intestine are of two types: a few contain GAL-IR alone and are thought to arise from enteric neurons; many contain both GAL- and SOM-IR and are thought to arise from nerve cell bodies in the hindgut. Myotomy caused an accumulation of GAL/SOM-IR material in fibres on the anal side of the cut and a substantial decrease in the number of fibres on the oral side. There was no detectable effect of myotomy on the GAL-IR fibres, although an abnormally high density of GAL-IR nerve cell bodies was found oral to the cut. These results indicate that VIP-IR and NOS-containing enteric neurons project in an oral to anal direction in the toad small and large intestines. Some of the neurons have short anal projections to the circular muscle. GAL-IR enteric neurons have similar projections in the small intestine, but their projections could not be determined in the large intestine. GAL/SOM-IR axons in the large intestine project from anal to oral. Myotomy in the large intestine appears to induce an increased or de novo expression of GAL-IR in enteric neurons oral to the cut.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗

PubMed1988

[Whole-body radiometry in the evaluation of the absorptive and motor-evacuatory functions of the small and large intestines].

It is known that pathology of the small and large intestine, particularly in their total involvement, is accompanied by disturbance of the processes of digestion and absorption of fatty acids, proteins and vitamins. The existing methods for a study of absorption are complex and inadequate. The author proposed a comprehensive radionuclide study using whole-body radiometry permitting simultaneous assessment of motor-evacuatory function of the stomach, absorptive and motor-evacuatory function of the small and large intestines. Altogether 15 persons (controls) and 26 patients with inflammatory diseases of the large intestine were examined. The results of the study made it possible to detect disorders of digestion and absorption in the study group. The results should be taken into account for a choice of pathogenetically founded therapy in patients with inflammatory diseases of the small and large intestine.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in large intestines of C57BL/6 mice.

The regional distributions and relative frequencies of some gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the three portions (cecum, colon and rectum) of the large intestinal tract of C57BL/6 mice were examined with immunohistochemical method using 7 types of specific antisera against chromogranin A (CGA), serotonin, somatostatin, human pancreatic polypeptide (HPP), glucagon, gastrin and cholecyctokinin (CCK)-8. In this study, all 3 types of immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified. Most of these IR cells in the large intestinal portion were generally spherical or spindle in shape (open-typed cell) while cells with a round shape (close-typed cell) were found in the intestinal gland. Their relative frequencies varied according to each portion of the large intestinal tract. CGA-IR cells were found throughout the whole large intestinal tract but were most predominant in the colon. Serotonin-IR cells were detected throughout the whole large intestinal tract and showed highest frequency in the colon. Peculiarly, glucagon-IR cells were restricted to the colon with a low frequency. However, no somatostatin-, HPP-, gastrin- and CCK-8-IR cells were found in the large intestinal tract. In conclusion, some peculiar distributional patterns of large intestinal endocrine cells were identified in C57BL/6 mice.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Dietary short-chain fructooligosaccharides increase calbindin-D9k levels only in the large intestine in rats independent of dietary calcium deficiency or serum 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D levels.

Dietary short-chain fructooligosaccharides (Sc-FOS) increase mucosal calbindin-D9k (CaBP) levels in the large intestine whereas levels in the small intestine are decreased in rats. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which Sc-FOS induce this increase in CaBP in the large intestine by measuring intestinal CaBP levels in rats fed normal and calcium-deficient diets. Dietary groups included a calcium-containing (0.5%) diet with or without Sc-FOS (100 g/kg diet) and a calcium-deficient (abt. 0.01%) diet with or without Sc-FOS (100 g/kg diet). The rats were fed these diets for 10 days following which they were killed and the intestine removed for collection of the entire mucosa which was divided into four segments, i.e., proximal and distal segments of the small intestine, the cecum and the colorectum. Mucosal CaBP and plasma calcium (Ca), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin levels were measured. Feeding of calcium deficient diet resulted in an increase in CaBP levels in the small intestine, but did not influence levels in the large intestine. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and CaBP levels in the case of both small intestinal segments (proximal, r = 0.77012, p < 0.00007; distal, r = 0.75056, p < 0.00014) was observed, but not in the case of the large intestinal segments. Sc-FOS increased CaBP levels in the large intestine. These results suggest that the large intestinal CaBP levels do not change in response to dietary calcium conditions and are not regulated by circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 indicating that the effect of Sc-FOS on CaBP levels in the large intestine is independent of the action of 1,25(OH)2D3.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Diet and large intestinal disease in dogs and cats.

Large intestinal disease, and more especially colitis, is a commonly seen problem in small animal practice. Although colitis is most frequently diagnosed in dogs, it is becoming increasing common in cats. The etiology of colitis is not known, but there is general agreement that an immune-mediated response to luminal antigen is involved. In particular, parasites, bacteria and dietary factors may be involved. In approximately 10% of dogs presented with typical signs of colitis, no pathologic lesion will be found on investigation. These dogs have a functional diarrhea associated with some stress factor and are thought to have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This condition is most frequently observed in working dogs, although highly nervous and excitable dogs may also exhibit similar clinical signs. Until the underlying etiology of colitis is determined, treatment regimens will remain symptomatic. Recent studies have placed considerable importance on the value of diet in the prevention, immediate and long-term therapy of colitis in dogs and cats. In particular the value of "novel" protein diets, fermentable fiber and polyunsaturated fatty acids is receiving the most attention. It is now possible to maintain patients in long-term remission and to modify the severity and chronicity of colitis by using diet alone. This paper will review the subject of dietary management of colitis and IBS and present results from the author's clinical research program.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

ACP Best practice no 159. Examination of large intestine resection specimens.

Macroscopic examination of large intestinal resection specimens by the surgical pathologist provides important diagnostic and prognostic information. This review summarises current recommended protocols and evidence based guidelines for gross description, dissection, and histological block selection in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal disease. Specific lesions discussed include colorectal cancer, polypectomies and polyposis syndromes, and inflammatory bowel disease. Microscopic examination is briefly described, with emphasis on certain pitfalls that might be encountered in routine practice. A section covering special techniques for the investigation of occult bleeding is included.

Clinical Protocols↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Emergencies in oncologic surgery of the large intestine].

The authors analyse of the large intestine at their Institute over the past 20 years. Four hundred and fifty-two cases out of 842 were performed during the period 1970-1979 and 300 during the subsequent decade. 21% (95 cases) were emergencies during the first decade and 16% (62 cases) during the second. From this study it emerges that patients operated with primary resection during the first decade 1970-1979 had a better survival rate than those operated in various stages. This was particularly true of cases of occlusion, whereas in cases of perforation the percentage remained practically unchanged. The approach adopted for this type of pathology changed during the next decade and it was decided to opt for primary resective surgery. A comparison between emergency surgery performed in a single session and operations performed in a number of stages revealed that both survival and morbidity were improved in primary resective surgery, 20% and 10% respectively, whereas mortality was higher (15%).

Emergencies↗

PubMed1990

[A new method of producing small-to-large intestine invagination anastomosis in experimental animals].

A method for formation of the valve apparatus by means of invagination of the end of the small intestine with everted mucosa to the side of a large intestine directly to its stump is suggested. Beforehand the tela submucosa of the evaginated small intestinal end is exposed by linear incision, and is tightened into the interrupted sutures, which are placed on the large intestinal stump. When the pressure arises in the large intestinal lumen, the small intestinal end is pressed to the stump and flattened, thus preventing reflux.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1973

[Quantitative study of the bacterial flora of the large intestine of dysenteric swine].

The bacterial flora and the pH of the large intestine of dysenteric swine during acute subacute and chronic phases have been submitted to quantitative and qualitative studies. The methods used are based on primary isolation and differentiation of the bacteria by the use of selective media and the subsequent differentiation using the replica plating technique. The most characteristic changes are the following:1. A significant increase of the pH of the chyme in the large intestine during acute dysentery2. A significant increase of Vibrio, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus in the colon and cecum during acute dysentery.3. A significant increase of Shigella in the colon and cecum during subacute dysentery.4. The almost total disappearance of Aeromonas and of the yeasts in the large intestine during acute, subacute and chronic dysentery.5. A significant decrease of Klebsiella, in the cecum, during acute dysentery and of the fungi during subacute dysentery.6. Decrease of Streptococcus in the colon during acute dysentery.7. The total quantitative flora of the large intestine do not change very much.

Aeromonas↗

PubMed1986

Review of large intestinal motility and mechanisms of impaction in the horse.

The large intestine has distinct motility patterns which include non-rhythmic haustral kneading of ingesta and stronger rhythmic retropulsive and propulsive contractions which move ingesta along the tract. A variable site electrical pacemaker exists at the pelvic flexure where the strong rhythmic contractions begin. The large intestine can contract adequately with only the intrinsic nerve supply intact. Neurotransmitters have profound effects on large intestinal activity.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A standardized x-ray examination in the diagnosis of tumors of the large intestine].

High morbidity and mortality rates because of large intestinal carcinoma and a clear-cut tendency to the growth of these rates have prompted the authors to undertake this study. When new methods of radiodiagnosis appeared, traditional and highly informative methods, Ba enema among them, seemed to be forgotten. The authors suggest a program of standard examinations of the large intestine, based on simultaneous double-contrast technique, that permits an essential improvement of the diagnostic and economic efficacy of this one of the most prevalent methods of x-ray examinations. The suggested technique was used in examinations of 4120 patients with suspected tumors of the large intestine.

Colonic Neoplasms↗