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PubMed2006

Introversion associated with large differences between screening blood pressure and home blood pressure measurement: The Ohasama study.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of personality on screening blood pressures measured in clinical settings and home blood pressure measurements. METHODS: From 1997 to 1999, 699 participants underwent screening and home blood pressure measurements and completed the Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck personality questionnaire. An increased screening blood pressure was defined as screening blood pressure > or = 140/90 mmHg and an increased home blood pressure was defined as home blood pressure > or = 135/85 mmHg. RESULTS: Participants with lower extroversion scores (i.e., introversion) showed a greater difference between screening and home systolic blood pressure. The association between introversion and differences was statistically significant, even after adjustment for other possible factors (younger age, female, wide screening pulse pressure, never smoked, and no antihypertensive medication). The adjusted means of SBP differences were 7.3 and 4.4 mmHg among the lowest and highest extroversion quartiles, respectively (P for trend = 0.02). Other personality scores (psychoticism or neuroticism) were not associated with screening and home blood pressure differences. The incorporation of an extroversion score in the basic model consisting of the above factors that affected the difference between screening and home blood pressure slightly improved the prediction of a high home blood pressure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased by 0.037 among participants with high screening blood pressure and 0.006 for those with normal screening blood pressure compared with the basic model. CONCLUSION: Physicians may need to be aware of 'introverted' patients who have high blood pressure in clinic settings, because they have the potential for 'white-coat' hypertension.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Reasons for differential performance in multiple choice and essay tests.

1. Previous studies with preclinical students demonstrated that there were factors other than topic content which produced significant differences in performance in multiple choice (MC) and essay (E) tests. 2. In this study second year medical students completed a battery of psychometric tests measuring both cognitive and non-cognitive personality traits. 3. The scores obtained after factor analyses of these tests were used as predictors of the difference in performance in 6 matched pairs of MC and E achievement tests over 2 years. 4. Students with high scores in a factor associated with introversion achieved better results in MC tests than would have been expected from their performance in E tests. On the other hand, students whose first language was not English did not perform as well in MC as they did in E tests. 5. Students with high scores in a factor associated with emotional maturity and illegible writing performed better in E tests than would have been expected from their MC results.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

Adolescent depression in Japan: as studied from Shimoda's theory and Harter's theory.

Through the daily treatment of depressive adolescents we have come to feel that such cases present with a common specific state at onset that includes hypersensitivity and a tendency to neuroticism. This state is reminiscent of the introverted character of children reported by Shimoda in 1929 and of immodithymic character that he later proposed as the pre-pathological character of bipolar disorders. In contrast, we supposed that it might be important to evaluate these adolescents from the low self-worth theory and to compare adolescent psychopathology between the USA and Japan. In order to ascertain these issues, we performed a clinical survey of the junior and high school students who came to outpatient clinics, and thereby demonstrated the necessity of understanding the depressive adolescents from the standpoint of character theory and self-worth theory. We then attempted some field work with ordinary junior high school children as object using Harter's self-perception profile and Kovac's CDI. The results showed that depressive tendencies and self-worth differed greatly among Japanese junior high school children and American counterparts. We have used these findings to discuss the psychopathology of depressive tendencies in Japanese adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Hyperarousal, depression and quality of life--validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Hyperarousal Scale.

AIM: Research focusing on hyperarousability in association with general sensitivity to stress has increased. This study aimed to: (i) describe values for self-reported hyperarousal behaviour traits, depression, sleeplessness behaviour and health-related quality of life [The Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36)] in a gender-stratified random sample from the Swedish population; and (ii) test the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Hyperarousal Behavioural Trait Scale (H-scale). METHODS: In this study, 402 women and 391 men from Sweden were included. A test-retest study was performed on 297 subjects. RESULTS: The total mean score on the H-scale was 29.5 (SD 10.0, 95% CI 28.8-30.2). Compared to men, women scored higher on the H-scale (total score, sub-scales and many items), whereas no evidence of an age trend was seen. The H-scale has proven to be a valid and reliable scale. Pearson's correlation coefficient showed similar magnitude and direction between the H-scale and the Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale, as between the H-scale and the Vicious Cycle of Sleeplessness Behaviour Scale, Vitality, Mental Health and the Mental Component Summary index on the SF-36 respectively. The Cronbach's alpha for the H-scale was 0.84 and estimated stability test-retest point of time varies between 0.73 and 0.80. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates gender differences in response style in association with altered health-related quality of life. The H-scale is a valid and reliable self-reported scale for measuring hyperarousal behavioural trait research outcome in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of the mental status, personality profiles and life events of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer disease.

Forty patients with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and 32 patients with peptic ulcer disease underwent a full psychiatric assessment. All were rated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale, the Life Experiences Survey and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. The 2 groups were not distinguishable on total GSRS scores or rates of DSM-III diagnosed mental disorder. However, greater trait scores for neuroticism and introversion were found in the IBS group, together with a greater reporting of life events perceived as negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Relations between performance on the advance matrices and the EPI in high-intelligence subjects.

This study continues the investigation of the relationship between performance on tests of intelligence, and the personality parameters of the Eysenckian theoretical framework. Candidates for admission to an honours degree course (n = 281) were given the Advanced Progressive Matrices as a screening device. Those admitted to the course were on later occasions given both forms of the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). In view of problems of test-retest on the EPI, scores were analysed in a novel fashion to give three groups: 'introverts', 'extraverts' and 'ambiverts'. The 'introverts' scored significantly highest on the Matrices, but the scores of the 'ambiverts' were lowest. Neuroticism showed little interaction with other variables. These results are discussed in terms of the theory of reactive inhibition. New data on the Advanced Progressive Matrices are given which are significantly higher than the published university norms.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

Assertiveness, submissive behaviour and social comparison.

This paper explores the relationship between a new assertiveness measure (the Scale for Interpersonal Behaviour--SIB), social comparison and submissive behaviour. The paper investigates these measures in relation to the personality traits of neuroticism and introversion. Findings suggest: (a) that social comparison may be an important variable in assertiveness and submissive behaviour and shows a strong relationship to neuroticism and introversion; (b) that submissive behaviour is not the mirror opposite of assertive behaviour; and (c) submissive behaviour seems more strongly associated with introversion and neuroticism than assertive performance.

Adult↗