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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Mediastinal lymph node metastases in bronchial cancer--CT analog horizontal section of an autopsy patient sample].

On the basis of horizontal sections through the entire heart-lung preparation, the size relationships and topographical features of mediastinal lymph node metastases of lung carcinomas are presented. This sectioning technique is more suitable for the determination of the lymphatic metastasization pattern than the conventional postmortem technique. The detection of multiple areas with focal consolidated lymphatic tissue in the mediastinal fatty tissuereveals additional possibilities for lymphopatic tumour spread in the mediastinum.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1984

Immunohistochemical study of the expression of human milk fat globule membrane glycoprotein 70.

Human milk fat globule membrane, which is said to derive from apical plasma membrane of secretory epithelial cells in breast, was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-two:dimensional gel electrophoresis. More than 35 components were detected in the gels. One of the major glycoproteins with an apparent molecular weight of 70,000, human milk fat globule membrane glycoprotein, was purified to homogeneity. The pattern of distribution of this glycoprotein in tissues was studied using polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the purified component. The localization of the antigen was accomplished by an indirect immunoperoxidase staining method. Normal mammary epithelial cells display this antigen mostly on the apical plasma membrane, whereas poorly differentiated breast carcinoma cells retained it predominantly in the cytoplasm. These observations suggest that the proper insertion of this glycoprotein into an apical membrane domain may be impaired in malignant tumor cells. In addition, a small population of tumor cells in each case examined failed to express detectable amounts of this component, indicating the presence of antigenic heterogeneity among the tumor cell population.

Antigens↗
PubMed1994

Changes in oxygenation patterns of locally advanced recurrent tumors under thermoradiotherapy.

Oxygen tension distributions (pO2) were measured in 10 patients with recurrent soft tissue sarcoma (n = 4), recurrent rectal cancer (n = 2), recurrent breast cancer (n = 3) and recurrent neck nodes (n = 1) using computerized pO2 histography. Measurements were performed pretherapeutically and 24 hours after the first cytotoxic hyperthermic treatment. In one patient an increase of the mean pO2 value was evident after hyperthermia. The other 9 patients showed a significant decrease in the mean pO2 values after hyperthermia. Pooled pO2 distributions of measurements before and after hyperthermia differ statistically significant (p < 0.01). The median pO2 from 1248 measurements before hyperthermia is 18.9 mmHg, whereas the median pO2 from 1263 measurements after hyperthermia is 9.4 mmHg.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Malignant melanoma of soft parts (clear cell sarcoma). A study of 17 cases, with emphasis on prognostic factors.

Seventeen cases of malignant melanoma of soft parts (clear cell sarcoma) are reported. The patients ranged from 9 to 70 years of age, but 13 were between 10 and 40 years of age. There were eight male patients and nine female patients. The most common tumor location (seven patients) was the foot, followed by the area around the knee (four patients). The usual histologic pattern was that of variably sized nests of uniform plump spindle cells with clear to pale cytoplasm separated by fine to coarse fibrous septa; however, variants with a substantial proportion of epithelioid cells, moderate to marked nuclear pleomorphism, predominantly diffuse growth, or a microcystic pattern were seen. Patient survival was relatively poor overall (median, 49 months; ten deaths due to tumor) and was determined mainly by distant metastasis (11 patients). Both survival and distant metastasis were correlated with tumor size (P less than 0.01 for patients with tumors greater than or equal to 5 cm versus less than 5 cm). Other clinical and pathologic factors, including patient age, sex, and race, tumor location, duration of symptoms, initial therapy, mitotic rate, tumor necrosis, proportion of epithelioid cells, and nuclear pleomorphism had no significant relation to survival or distant metastasis when tumor size was taken into account. Local recurrence and regional lymph node metastasis each occurred in four patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

C-erbB-2 protein in the sera of breast cancer patients.

The c-erbB-2 protein was measured in sera of patients with breast cancer or benign breast diseases to study the significance of this protein as a tumor marker. The mean value and positive rate for this protein (assuming 20U/ml as the cut-off value) were 11.8 U/ml (0%) in benign breast disease (n = 30), 11.8 U/ml (3.1%) in stage I/II primary breast cancer (n = 64), 38.2 U/ml (29.4%) in stage III/IV primary breast cancer (n = 17), 17.9 U/ml (33.3%) in locally recurrent breast cancer (n = 12), 298.4 U/ml (51.0%) in recurrent breast cancer with distant metastases (n = 51), and 12.9 U/ml (0%) in those with no evidence of recurrence (n = 57). Thus, the serum c-erbB-2 protein level was significantly higher in the distant metastatic group. In patients with distant metastases, there was a close association between expression of c-erbB-2 protein in the primary tumor and the serum c-erbB-2 protein level. On the basis of these results, serum c-erbB-2 protein was thought to be useful as a tumor marker for postoperative monitoring of breast cancer, especially in patients positive for expression of this protein in primary cancer tissue.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Immunolocalization of anti-placental alkaline phosphatase monoclonal antibody in mice with testicular tumors and lymph node metastasis.

To evaluate the ability of an anti-placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) monoclonal antibody (MAb) to localize to PLAP-expressing tumors, we established a model of testicular tumor with metastasis to lymph nodes and liver in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. 131I-labeled or 125I-labeled MAb was simultaneously administered via the intravenous or lymphatic route, respectively. Preferential accumulation of MAb in PLAP-expressing tumors at primary as well as metastatic sites was demonstrated. The percentage of the injected dose of MAb found in the tumor was generally higher when MAb was administered intravenously. Identical tumor/blood ratios were found with the two routes of administration. These data suggest that intravenous administration of a radiolabeled MAb is superior to lymphatic administration for tumor imaging and radioimmunotherapy.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Galectins-1 and -3 and their ligands in tumor biology. Non-uniform properties in cell-surface presentation and modulation of adhesion to matrix glycoproteins for various tumor cell lines, in biodistribution of free and liposome-bound galectins and in their expression by breast and colorectal carcinomas with/without metastatic propensity.

Protein (lectin)-carbohydrate (cellular glycoconjugate) recognition is operative in biochemical information transfer. Galectins constitute a family of endogenous galactoside-binding lectins with conserved features in the binding site. The members of this lectin category are assumed to be involved in cell adhesion and growth regulation. To assess to what extent the different modes of binding-site presentation and/or carbohydrate fine-specificities will affect aspects of galectin behavior, homodimeric cross-linking galectin-1 and monomeric chimeric galectin-3, with its collagenase-sensitive stalk linked to the carbohydrate-recognition domain, were investigated. Cell-surface expression of the two galectins and accessible galectin-binding sites on various tumor cell lines was ascertained by FACScan analysis. In particular, ligand accessibility for the two galectins differed for the tested cell line types. Binding of tumor cells to laminin and plasma or placental fibronectin was generally reduced by treatment of cells or matrix with galectins. Galectin-3 was more efficient than galectin 1 at impairing laminin's potency as matrix. Cell binding of galectin-1, on the other hand, proved on average more effective for blocking cell association to fibronectins after its preincubation with cell suspensions. Differences were also apparent in the biodistribution of the galectins, where an avian homolog of galectin- served as the control to distinguish effects of spatial and sugar-binding features. Histopathological analysis of lymph-node-negative and -positive breast and colorectal carcinomas (n = 180 including 60 metastatic lesions) indicated a correlation of either increased galectin-1 binding and reduced galectin-3 expression or reduced binding of both galectins with the occurrence of lymph node lesions. Together with data on the heparin-binding lectin, revealing reduced expression to be associated with a positive lymph-node status in the breast cancer group, these results can be interpreted to reflect cell-type-dependent requirements of galectin ligand presentation during the metastatic cascade. By introducing mammalian lectins to lectin-histochemical studies, the detection of quantitative differences in glycosylation brings an understanding of its cell biological significance one step closer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytomas.

Between 1960 and 1985, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytomas were treated with radiotherapy at the University of Iowa: 13 patients with extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) and 17 with solitary plasmacytomas of bone (SPB). The local control rates were 92% for patients with EMP and 88% for those with SPB. Two of nine patients (22%) with EMP treated to the primary tumor only developed regional lymph node metastasis, indicating the need for elective irradiation of this area. The most common pattern of failure in both groups was progression to multiple myeloma. This occurred in 23% of the patients with EMP and 53% of those with SPB. The time course of progression to multiple myeloma differed for the two groups. All of those who progressed to multiple myeloma in the EMP group did so within 2 years, whereas a significant number of those in the SPB group progressed more than 5 years after initial therapy. None of five patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy in the SPB group progressed to multiple myeloma, compared to 75% (9/12) of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Surgical management of perineal masses in patients with anorectal malformations.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to review the outcome of surgical management of various types of perineal masses encountered in patients with anorectal malformations (ARM). METHODS: Retrospective review from 2 large pediatric anorectal referral centers. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with a perineal mass were identified in more than 2000 patients treated for an ARM over a 15-year period. The 22 patients (4 men) represented all levels of severity of ARMs. The lesions were of 3 types: lipomas (n = 10), vascular anomalies (n = 4), and hamartomas/choristomas (n = 8). The lipomas were carefully removed from between the muscle fibers during the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. The vascular anomalies (3 of 4 were hemangiomas) underwent magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, but none were found to invade deeply and all were excised at the time of the posterior sagittal anorectoplasty. The hamartomas/choristomas all occurred in women, and 50% arose as a pedunculated mass from the vulva. The lesions contained tissues such as glia, osteoid, nephrogenic rests, and endocervical-type mucosa. One was initially misinterpreted as a teratoma, prompting a wider excision. This and all subsequent patients have been correctly diagnosed pathologically as having either hamartomas or choristomas, which were not widely excised. Follow-up ranges from 5 months to 12 years. Six of the 10 lipoma patients are continent. One vascular anomaly was re-excised and there was minor wound separation in another. None of the hamartoma/choristoma lesions recurred. CONCLUSION: The presence of unusual perineal masses can add to the complexity of ARMs; however, most of these lesions can be carefully excised with preservation of the muscle complex and ultimate continence. Hamartomatous lesions can be mistaken for teratomas but do not require aggressive excision with clear margins.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2005

Paravesical suture granuloma simulating a local recurrence of the immature sacrococcygeal teratoma.

It has been reported that paravesical suture granuloma after inguinal hernia repair may simulate a bladder, pelvic, or urachal malignancy in adults, and therefore, these lesions often pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. However, such a case has not been reported in the pediatric age group to date. The authors report a paravesical suture granuloma after left inguinal hernia repair in a child that mimics a local recurrence of the totally excised immature sacrococcygeal teratoma.

Abscess↗
PubMed2000

Hyaluronan in peritumoral stroma and malignant cells associates with breast cancer spreading and predicts survival.

Hyaluronan (HA) is an extracellular matrix polysaccharide that promotes cell migration through its cell surface receptors and by effecting changes in the physical environment. HA expression is frequently increased in malignant tumors, whereas its association with the invasive potential and patient outcome in breast cancer has not been reported. The localization and signal intensity of HA was analyzed in 143 paraffin-embedded tumor samples of human breast carcinoma using a biotinylated HA-specific probe. In the immediate peritumoral stroma, HA signal was moderately or strongly increased in 39% and 56% of the cases, respectively. Normal ductal epithelium showed no HA, whereas in 57% of the tumors at least some of the carcinoma cells were HA positive. The intensity of the stromal HA signal and the presence of cell-associated HA were both significantly related to poor differentiation of the tumors, axillary lymph node positivity, and short overall survival of the patients. In Cox's multivariate analysis, both the intensity of stromal HA signal alone and that combined with the HA positivity in tumor cells were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. These results suggest that HA is directly involved in the spreading of breast cancer and may offer a potential target for new therapies.

Axilla↗
PubMed1983

Epithelioid sarcomas. Three cases.

The authors present two cases of epithelioid sarcoma of the hand and one of the foot with clinical interest. This recently described tumor (Enzinger, 1970), is relatively rare. It occurs in the hand, forearm, pretibial region and foot and affects principally young adults. It should be emphasized, and this is borne out in the literature, that this tumor may appear perfectly benign and often has a course of long duration. The difficult of clinical and especially of histologic diagnosis as well as the difficulty of determining the boundaries of extension of the tumor makes it necessary to carry out radical surgery (amputation or rarely block excision). Every author agrees that local excision is to be condemned, there being an 85% recurrence rate. Spread of the tumor is by way of the fascial planes and tendon sheaths. Lymphatic and pulmonary metastases occur particularly when there is vascular invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Is there a role for sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of sarcoma?

Is there a role for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in the management of sarcoma? Sentinel node biopsy has dramatically changed the management of melanoma and breast cancer, helping surgeons avoid radical lymphadenectomies in node negative patients who would previously have undergone a more morbid operation with little benefit, or remained pathologically unstaged. Many investigators have explored the use of lymphatic mapping for malignancies other than breast cancer or melanoma. Lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy has not been investigated in the management of sarcomas, which is not surprising given that the majority of sarcomas spread by local extension or hematogenously. Regional lymph node metastases are rare; developing in about 3-10% of patients with localized disease. However, among certain subtypes of high-grade sarcomas there is a propensity for regional lymph node metastases. These include rhabdomyosarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and vascular sarcomas. It is in these particular subtypes that there may be a benefit to SLN biopsy.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Phase I/II study of gemcitabine plus mitoxantrone as salvage chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.

The purpose of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of gemcitabine plus mitoxantrone in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and to evaluate activity and toxicity of this combination in a phase II trial. Sixty-three patients with MBC, previously treated with chemotherapy including anthracycline and/or taxanes, were treated with mitoxantrone 10 or 12 mg m(-2) intravenously on day 1 plus gemcitabine in escalating doses from 600 to 1200 mg m(-2) intravenously on days 1 and 8, every 3 weeks. In phase I, on 23 patients entered on study, dose-limiting toxicity occurred at the dosage of 1200 mg m(-2) gemcitabine and 10 mg m(-2) mitoxantrone, with three out of five patients developing grade 4 neutropenia. In phase II, with gemcitabine administered at 1000 mg m(-2) and mitoxantrone at 10 mg m(-2), 12 (30%) out of 40 assessable patients responded, even if no complete response was obtained. Moreover, stable disease was observed in eight (20%) patients. The median time to treatment failure was 22 weeks (range, 2-33), and median survival was 42 weeks (range, 2-92). Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia were observed in 12 (30%) and one (2.5%) cases respectively; grade 3 thrombocytopenia was observed in two patients (5%), grade 2 mucositis in two patients (5%), grade 3 anaemia in two patients (5%), grade 3 alopecia in one patient (2.5%) and asymptomatic cardiotoxicity in three patients (8%), respectively. In conclusion, the doses of 10 mg m(-2) (day 1) for mitoxantrone and 1000 mg m(-2) for gemcitabine (days 1-8) every 3 weeks resulted active and safe in MBC. Further investigations in less heavily pretreated patients are warranted.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Percutaneous fine needle biopsy of lymph nodes (author's transl)].

Following lymphography, 76 lymph nodes were punctured percutaneously using a fine needle in 23 patients and an aspiration biopsy was performed. This simple procedure provided cytological comfirmation in cases of doubtful lymphograms. Systematic puncture of representative lymph nodes in the area of metastatic spread may at times be able to replace a staging operation.

Biopsy, Needle↗