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PubMed2002

Doing away with paper. Part 1--Advice for setting up fully computerised medical records.

BACKGROUND: Many general practitioners have not yet started to use computers for all their clinical records while others have yet to use them even for simple tasks such as prescribing. OBJECTIVE: To examine the issues preventing doctors from taking the 'next step' and to provide useful information and advice about how to prepare for and implement the change from paper based to electronic medical records. DISCUSSION: Computerised medical records offer significant advantages over traditional paper based records with benefits for both doctors and their patients. Despite these benefits many doctors have resisted making the change from paper based records. Those doctors currently considering this final step are often confused by the large number of choices and fear that mistakes may prove costly and frustrating. This paper deals with these problems and describes how important it is to motivate the people who are to use the new equipment as it is to deal with the technological issues.

Computer Peripherals↗

PubMed2002

Doing away with paper. Part 2--Starting up your new system.

BACKGROUND: After choosing the best computer hardware and software to use, the next major step is to carefully plan how to implement the change from using paper based medical records to electronic medical records. OBJECTIVE: To examine ways to make it relatively easy for staff and doctors to implement the change to electronic medical records. DISCUSSION: Changing from writing medical records on paper to typing to enter the same information into a computer is a major issue for many doctors, especially for older practitioners. Practice staff may lack the confidence to use computers to make appointments and issue accounts or receipts. This paper describes ways to make the changeover in a gentle and relatively easy way. Other issues briefly mentioned include ways to handle incoming correspondence and reports on paper, using the Internet, and clinical photography with digital cameras.

Attitude to Computers↗

PubMed1975

Evaluation of the circumoval precipitin test using dried blood on filter paper as a diagnostic tool in epidemiological survey for schistosomiasis.

The suitability of the circumoval precipitin (COP) test in a field survey for schistosomiasis in the rural area using dried blood samples on filter paper was evaluated with reference to the stool examination by the merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) technique. Both blood and stool samples were collected simultaneously among over 600 inhabitants of two schistosomiasis endemic communities (barrios) of Palo, Leyte, Philippines. The method of collecting blood samples on filter paper, the procedure for COP test and its sensitivity in detecting schistosomiasis cases are described. Blood sampling from finger prick was acceptable to both adults and children so that blood samples were readily obtained while the collection of stool samples required repeated visits to the homes. A significantly higher percentage of schistosomiasis positives were obtained by COP test than by stool examination. The COP test results were comparable to the stool examination results on the following aspects: 1) highest infection rate in the 10-19 age group and lowest infection rate in the 60 years old and above; 2) positive rates for schistosomiasis did not differ significantly between the two barrios and 3) no family accumulation of the disease in the two communities was observed in this survey in 1972. The stability of the antibody in filter paper, the reliability of the test and the simple and rapid procedures involved make this filter paper method of COP test very practical and suitable for schistosomiasis survey in rural areas.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Advanced solvent-free application of ninhydrin for detection of latent fingerprints on thermal paper and other surfaces.

This work presents the first known experiments of ninhydrin sublimation in vacuum to detect latent fingerprints on thermal paper. In this method, latent fingerprints become visible in rich detail without the background black staining known from the application of ninhydrin solutions to thermal paper. The method involves hanging the thermal paper samples 15 cm above a heating source with dispersed ninhydrin crystals in a vacuum chamber. The optimized conditions for ninhydrin sublimation are 50 mg ninhydrin, 2 to 5 mbar vacuum, and 150 degrees C heating source temperature for 30 min. The application of this method is also successful on the new euro notes. Latent fingerprints can be developed across the transitions from paper to optical variable device (OVD).

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

A usability study of physicians interaction with a paper-based patient record system and a graphical-based electronic patient record system.

The user interface of an electronic patient record system can significantly improve user acceptance and ease its adoption process. The design of a user interface should take into consideration the characteristics and the needs of the user incorporating usability engineering principles in the lifecycle of its development. In this paper we describe a study of physician interaction with a paper-based patient record system and a graphical-based electronic patient record system. The usability attributes of learnability, efficiency and satisfaction are evaluated on the whole spectrum of physicians' activities with patient record systems. The results of the study did not reveal a significant difference in the overall time to complete typical physician tasks. However, on average physicians can perform viewing tasks faster, documenting tasks slower and ordering tasks at about the same speed on the graphical-based system than on the paper based system. Physicians were found to be significantly more satisfied with the graphical-based system than with the paper-based system. The results also revealed that physicians with higher levels of computer literacy and typing skills can complete typical tasks in significantly less time on a graphical-based system than physicians with lower levels of computer literacy and typing skills.

Attitude to Computers↗

PubMed2002

The Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh's 300-year relationship with print on paper.

It is very likely that digital resources will be the primary source materials of the historians of the future. After 550 years, printing on paper is no longer the only means of information transfer. This paper summarises some of the new ways of digitally disseminating medical information before using the example of a Scottish professional society to show the importance of that extraordinarily successful method of information transfer - printing on paper using movable types. The paper aims to show how a seemingly simple, comparatively low technology, process has driven a lot of the decisions of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and provided a reliable means to document those decisions for over 300 years.

History, 17th Century↗

PubMedDate not supplied

AAN working paper. Wellness and health promotion of the elderly.

One of the missions of the American Academy of Nursing is to formulate strategies for health policy. To arrive at these strategies, Academy members share their thoughts, knowledge, and imagination in working groups at Academy meetings. The Expert Panel on Older Adults, one of these working groups, asked for interested members to formulate a policy paper on wellness and health promotion of the elderly for presentation at the AAN meeting in Los Angeles last October. This was done, and AAN members at that meeting shared their views on the paper. Now, this draft is being published here to invite all Nursing Outlook readers to review and comment on the policy recommendations that have been formulated. We encourage feedback so your ideas can be considered in the development of the paper. The paper will be submitted for approval to the AAN Committee on Health Policy Reform.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed2003

NOSTOS: a paper-based ubiquitous computing healthcare environment to support data capture and collaboration.

In this paper, we present a new approach to clinical workplace computerization that departs from the window-based user interface paradigm. NOSTOS is an experimental computer-augmented work environment designed to support data capture and teamwork in an emergency room. NOSTOS combines multiple technologies, such as digital pens, walk-up displays, headsets, a smart desk, and sensors to enhance an existing paper-based practice with computer power. The physical interfaces allow clinicians to retain mobile paper-based collaborative routines and still benefit from computer technology. The requirements for the system were elicited from situated workplace studies. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of augmenting a paper-based clinical work environment.

Computer Peripherals↗

PubMed2004

Paper mill wastewater detoxification by solar photocatalysis.

In the WATER project the German Aerospace Center, and the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, analyse the possibilities of treating paper mill effluents by solar photocatalysis for the paper mill of the Brazilian paper producer Votorantim Celulose e Papel, VCP, at Luiz Antônio, SP, Brazil. The degradation of the bio-polymer lignin is a vast problem in paper production. The tests have shown that treatment by the photocatalyst TiO2 and solar radiation is an ecological future oriented approach to solve this problem. The treatment of lignin containing process water by solar photocatalysis was optimised and the economics for solar treatment plants of different sizes was estimated to check the possibilities for implementing the technology in industrial processes.

Catalysis↗

PubMed2004

Anatomy of a research paper.

Writing, editing, and publishing the paper is the last step in the research process. The paper tells the story of the project from inception, through the data-collection process, statistical analysis, and discussion of the results. Novice authors often struggle with writing and often find themselves with either nothing on paper or a weighty version of random thoughts. The process of writing the paper should be analogous to the research process. This article describes and provides a template for the essential sections and features of a scientific report (structured abstract, introduction, hypothesis, methods, results, discussion, and conclusions), describes authorship guidelines that have been established by professional societies, and discusses the importance of adequate and correct references.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed2006

[Preliminary application on test paper of gold-labelled antibody against fibronectin EIIIA splicing variant].

OBJECTIVE: To develop the test Paper of gold-labelled antibody against fibronectin EIIIR A splicing variant, which can be available in forensic wound interval estimation. METHODS: Two sensitive antibodies were compared with enzyme link immunoabsorband assay (ELISA). After colloid gold labeled, the effects of the two antibodies were tested by methods of Dot immunogold filtration assay and gold immunochromatography assay, respectively. The test paper was finally appraised by applied in experimental skin injury in rats. RESULTS: On the test paper, detected line appeared in three hours wound age group, and then the darkness of positive staining became darker with injury time prolonging, while control normal skin cannot found to be positive staining. CONCLUSION: The gold-labeled test paper can be useful in estimation of wounding interval in forensic science.

Alternative Splicing↗

PubMed2006

Can temporary paper-based patient records sensibly complete an electronic patient record?

OBJECTIVES: In the department of internal medicine of Heidelberg University Hospital (HUH), medical patient records are archived electronically. Since there are still paper-based external documents, a temporary patient record is maintained for these documents during the patient's stay. Afterwards, the paper-based documents are scanned, indexed and integrated in the electronic patient record (EPR). To ensure process quality we evaluated quality and availability of scanned documents in the EPR. METHODS: Observation study, structured interviews, systematic quantitative before-after comparison. RESULTS: The workflow takes place according to the guidelines of HUH. Nevertheless, there are variations in the different wards which may influence the quality. Of 343 scanned documents about 90% showed no loss of information. Most of the documents with loss of information were ECG-curves. Four documents (1.2%) could not be found in the EPR. All documents were assigned to the correct patient and episode of care. The mean time from patient discharge to availability of scanned documents in the EPR system was 36 days. CONCLUSIONS: Due to external paper-based documents, a complete EPR is currently not possible. A temporary paper-based patient record in addition to the EPR is not an optimum procedure but feasible. The quality of the scanned, indexed and integrated documents in the EPR is high and the availability is sufficient.

Documentation↗

PubMed1990

Negative screening for sickle cell diseases with a monoclonal immunoassay on newborn blood eluted from filter paper.

The most common method of blood sample collection for neonatal screening programs for inherited diseases-blood spots on filter paper--is poorly suited for screening of sickle cell diseases by conventional assays because of the denaturing effects of this medium on hemoglobins that affect their electrophoretic identifications. The monoclonal antibody beta (6)-1 specifically recognizes the hemoglobin A beta-chain residue 6 (glutamic acid), that is, the normal counterpart of hemoglobins S and C, and this recognition is unaffected by changes in hemoglobins induced by filter paper storage. The beta (6)-1 immunoassay analysis of 67 prescreened samples extracted from filter paper permitted unambiguous group identification, by virtue of nonreactivity, of the pathologic sickle cell disease phenotypes SS (sickle cell anemia) and SC (sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease), along with the homozygous hemoglobin C phenotype (hemoglobin CC disease). Other phenotypes identified by beta (6)-1 nonreactivity would include S-beta(0) thalassemia, C-beta (0) thalassemia, and beta(0) thalassemia (Cooley's anemia). As systems for collecting newborn blood specimens on filter paper and their transmittal to centralized laboratories are already established in many states, this assay for sickle cell and hemoglobin C diseases could rapidly be combined with other mass screening programs for inborn errors of metabolism.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

A review of the research papers published by the international College of Applied Kinesiology from 1981 to 1987.

Applied Kinesiology (AK) is a diagnostic and therapeutic approach used by a large number of chiropractors. AK seminars are conducted worldwide; during these seminars mention is frequently made of the presence of supportive research. A review was undertaken of the type and scientific quality of 50 papers which had been published between 1981 and 1987 by the International College of Applied Kinesiology, 20 of which were classified as research papers. These were subjected to further scrutiny relating to criteria considered crucial in research methodology, namely, a clear identification of sample size, inclusion criteria, blind and naive subjects and statistical analysis. Although some papers satisfied several of these criteria, none satisfied all seven of them. As none of the papers included adequate statistical analyses, no valid conclusions could be drawn concerning their report of findings.

Chiropractic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A rapid penicillinase paper strip test for the detection of beta-lactamase].

The penicillinase paper strip beta-lactamase detecting test is an easy and rapid method which gives the information about some organism susceptibility to penicillins, immediately after their primary isolation. This information is important in serious infection treatment. This test is a modification of the standard iodometric test and is performed on paper penicillin and starch impregnated strips. The paper penicillinase strip test has been evaluated in speed, accuracy and value; it was compared with iodometric test, nitrocefin test and penicillin susceptibility test. The following fresh clinical isolates were used: 247 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 20 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains and 36 Haemophilus influenzae strains; total 303 isolates. The high correlation among all three tests mentioned in beta-lactamase detection was found as well as the correlation between penicillin susceptibility and this enzyme production. The sequence of susceptibility of the tests used is obtained as follows: nitrocefin test, paper penicillinase strip test, iodometric test.

Bacteria↗

PubMedDate not supplied

How to plan and write a scientific paper: I. Preparation.

A number of steps precede the publication of a scientific paper. First comes an idea, which is researched in the library to determine what other investigators have found. Second, one's own research is conducted and written up in a format selected to match the characteristics of the research and the requirements of the journal chosen for initial submission. Third, the written paper is reviewed by the journal to ensure accuracy, justify publication, and establish the value of the research and its contribution to current knowledge. Fourth, the manuscript is revised in order to correct, clarify, and include suggestions of the reviewers. Finally, the journal disseminates the information to an interested readership. A careful approach to each of these steps enhances the likelihood of publication; but, more important, it provides a basis for critical analysis of the research. The first part of this two-part paper will explore what needs to be done before the paper is written.

Authorship↗

PubMed1988

Use of filter paper discs as substrate for collection and storage of blood samples for screening of anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies.

A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to tetanus in dried blood samples spotted on filter paper discs has been developed. A good correlation was found between the two methods, filter paper disc assay and direct blood assay (r = 0.91). The specificity of the test was determined by a competitive inhibition assay using goat anti-tetanus-toxoid antibodies coupled to horseradish peroxidase. The interassay coefficient of variation is 10-12%. The antibodies were measurable until 4 months of storage of filter paper discs at room temperature (25 degrees C). This procedure is useful for mass screening of anti-tetanus antibodies using dried blood samples on filter paper discs.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Quality control of portable reflectance meter capillary blood glucose results by measurement of glucose on filter paper.

The capillary blood glucose (CBG) estimated by some of the most frequent users of portable reflectance meters (PRMs) were assessed using blood applied to Whatman 31 ET filter paper at the time of the performance of the CBG. The performance of nursing staff on hospital wards, community groups screened for diabetes and patients exercising self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) at home were evaluated. The glucose was extracted from the filter paper with 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and analyzed within 5 days of collection on a Technicon RA-1000 analyzer using Merck glucose dehydrogenase reagents. Of the 1255 samples collected, 385 were rejected due to inadequate sample collection, and a further 196 were rejected as they were received more than 5 days after collection, the time interval allowed for glucose stability on the filter paper. The CBGs obtained by the nursing staff were 2.2 - 17.1 mmol/l with a mean of 7.6 mmol/l; the community screened subjects CBGs were 1.5 -22.4 mmol/l with a mean of 5.2 mmol/l; and the SMBG users at home obtained CBGs of 1.0 - 15.1 mmol/l with a mean of 5.07 mmol/l. Of the 674 samples analyzed only 36.6% were within 10% of the laboratory blotting paper glucose (BPG) result. An alarming 35.8% exceeded 20% and 10.2% exceeded 50% of the BPG result. The correlation of all 3 groups with the BPG obtained by the laboratory were similar (correlation coefficient = 0.86, 0.85, 0.87 respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Glucose↗