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PubMed1995

Early cognitive changes and nondementing behavioral abnormalities in Parkinson's disease.

Early cognitive changes in patients with PD are often subtle and influenced by factors that interact with the disease process, including age and age of disease onset, medication, and the specific constellation of motor symptoms. These factors notwithstanding, there is ample evidence that specific cognitive changes occur early in the course of PD. Whereas language processing deficits are infrequent, subtle changes in olfaction and contrast sensitivity have been repeatedly observed. Executive function deficits are often prominent and, as an integral part of many tasks, also influence performance on a wide range of cognitive measures. This is particularly true for memory and visuospatial dysfunction, two areas that rely heavily on executive demands. Finally, depressive symptoms are also frequent in the early stages of the disease. The significance of early behavioral changes and their prognostic implications are largely unknown and need to be assessed prospectively.

Age of Onset↗
PubMed1994

Pantomime recognition impairment in aphasia: an analysis of error types.

Aphasic patients were administered a pantomine recognition test (PRT) and two verbal comprehension tests with the same perceptual-motor, semantic, and neutral response foils in a test of the hypothesis that both pantomime and verbal comprehension impairments reflect the same underlying aphasic disorder. Perceptual-motor errors were significantly more common than semantic and neutral errors on the PRT, whereas semantic errors were significantly more common on the combined verbal tests. The results support the view that errors in pantomime recognition among aphasic patients may occur as a function of a deficit in perceptual-motor ability in addition to semantic impairment. Pantomime recognition performance did not correlate significantly with measures of language or praxis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Deficit of auditory space perception in patients with visuospatial neglect.

There have been many studies of visuospatial neglect, but fewer studies of neglect in relation with other sensory modalities. In the present study we investigate the performance of six right brain damaged (RBD) patients with left visual neglect and six RBD patients without neglect in an auditory spatial task. Previous work on sound localisation in neglect patients adopted measure of sound localisation based on directional motor responses (e.g., pointing to sounds) or judgement of sound position with respect to the body midline (auditory midline task). However, these measures might be influenced by non-auditory biases related with motor and egocentric components. Here we adopted a perceptual measure of sound localisation, consisting in a verbal judgement of the relative position (same or different) of two sequentially presented sounds. This task was performed in a visual and in a blindfolded condition. The results revealed that sound localisation performance of visuospatial neglect patients was severely impaired with respect to that of RBD controls, especially when sounds originated in contralesional hemispace. In such condition, neglect patients were always unable to discriminate the relative position of the two sounds. No difference in performance emerged as a function of the visual condition in either group. These results demonstrate a perceptual deficit of sound localisation in patients with visuospatial neglect, suggesting that the spatial deficits of these patients can arise multimodally for the same portion of external space.

Adult↗