SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Photosensitivity Disorders”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Eicosanoid release in polymorphous light eruption: selective UV-A-induced LTB4 generation by peripheral blood leukocytes.

The biochemical basis of ultraviolet-induced cutaneous inflammation in polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is not known. We investigated the potential role of eicosanoids--derivatives of arachidonic acid--as mediators of inflammation in this common disorder. 13 patients were investigated, in whom skin lesions could be experimentally reproduced by repeated UV-A but not UV-B irradiation. Peripheral blood leukocytes of these patients were irradiated with UV-A or UV-B, and the release of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), LTC4 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured. Cells from PLE patients, but not healthy controls, released selectively high amounts of LTB4 in response to UV-A. The UV-A-induced LTB4 release was light-dose-dependent. This phenomenon was not observed with UV-B. The selective UV-A-induced release of LTB4 could play a major role in the pathophysiology of cutaneous inflammation in PLE.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Carotenoid treatment for light sensitivity: a reappraisal and six years' experience.

Long-term treatment with oral carotenoids in 57 patients suffering from a variety of photodermatoses and disorders associated with cutaneous light sensitivity was evaluated. All patients were treated for two or more 6-month periods in separate years. Best therapeutic results were seen in PMLE patients, a good to excellent therapeutic response was noted for 65% of all patients, increasing to 81% of those assigned to skin types III and IV, and decreasing to 47% of those with skin types I and II. The therapeutic effect observed in disorders characterized by other mechanisms than provocation by solar radiation per se was less conspicuous, viz. for light-sensitive psoriasis and lupus erythematosus. Even here, therapeutic failure seems to be more common in individuals with skin types I and II than for skin types III and IV. Photodermatoses such as persistent light reaction, actinic reticuloid and solar urticaria did not respond to any significant degree to carotenoid treatment. Our findings would appear to justify further treatment with oral carotenoids in selected cases of PMLE, and a higher dosage level may be tried for non-responding individuals with light-sensitive psoriasis and DLE or SLE. Serious side effects have not been observed in spite of long-term therapy lasting several years.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1999

A summary of mutations in the UV-sensitive disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy.

The human diseases xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy are caused by mutations in a set of interacting gene products, which carry out the process of nucleotide excision repair. The majority of the genes have now been cloned and many mutations in the genes identified. The relationships between the distribution of mutations in the genes and the clinical presentations can be used for diagnosis and for understanding the functions and the modes of interaction among the gene products. The summary presented here represents currently known mutations that can be used as the basis for future studies of the structure, function, and biochemical properties of the proteins involved in this set of complex disorders, and may allow determination of the critical sites for mutations leading to different clinical manifestations. The summary indicates where more data are needed for some complementation groups that have few reported mutations, and for the groups for which the gene(s) are not yet cloned. These include the Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) variant, the trichothiodystrophy group A (TTDA), and ultraviolet sensitive syndrome (UVs) groups. We also recommend that the XP-group E should be defined explicitly through molecular terms, because assignment by complementation in culture has been difficult. XP-E by this definition contains only those cell lines and patients that have mutations in the small subunit, DDB2, of a damage-specific DNA binding protein.

Cockayne Syndrome↗

PubMed1978

A human subject with a new defect in repair of ultraviolet damage.

The subject under study (11961) is a child with extreme sun sensitivity. Fibroblasts derived from the child's skin, like those from patients with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum were hypersensitive to the lethal effects of 254 nm and 310 nm UV-irradiation. Unlike xeroderma pigmentosum cells, however, fibroblasts from our subject were not hypersensitive to the chemical mutagen N-hydroxyacetylaminofluorene but they were hypersensitive to ethylmethanesulfonate. Furthermore, despite the ultra violet light sensitivity, no defects could be detected either in excision or postreplication repair of damaged DNA after UV-irradiation of 11961 cells. This again contrasts with xeroderma pigmentosum cells, which are defective in one or the other of these repair processes. On the basis of these characteristics and the clinical symptoms, we are not at present able to classify this patient as having any of the known sun-sensitive syndromes.

Cell Survival↗

PubMed2005

Characterization of tiger-tail banding and hair shaft abnormalities in trichothiodystrophy.

BACKGROUND: Tiger tail banding under polarizing light microscopy and hair shaft abnormalities are associated with trichothiodystrophy (TTD), a rare disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the frequency, specificity, and extent of tiger tail banding and hair shaft abnormalities in the spectrum of TTD patients. METHODS: We developed a standardized procedure for microscopic hair examination and studied hairs from 14 TTD and 4 xeroderma pigmentosum (XP)-TTD patients for tiger tail banding and hair shaft abnormalities. For comparison we examined hairs from 173 control donors consisting of 15 normals, 13 XP patients, 11 family members of XP or TTD patients, 101 patients with various cornification disorders, and 33 leukodystrophy patients. Amino acid analysis performed on hair from the TTD and XP-TTD patients showed low sulfur content. RESULTS: Using a rotating microscope stage, all hairs in each TTD sample showed tiger tail banding under polarized light in association with a variety of hair shaft abnormalities (trichoschisis, trichorrhexis nodosa-like defects, surface irregularities, and ribboning). None of the control hairs showed tiger tail banding, and 5 of 173 controls had weathering hair shaft abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with clinical features suggestive of TTD, tiger tail banding seen in all hairs with polarizing microscopy, in conjunction with certain hair shaft abnormalities, provides a reliable diagnostic test.

Cystine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Controlled drug trials in photodermatoses.

While clinical drug trials in photodermatoses may be complex because of the fickleness of these disorders in their reproducibility following ultraviolet exposure, such investigations require the same general principles of careful design as those in any other disciplines. The ideal clinical trial in photodermatology is both randomized and double-blind. Precise diagnostic terminology and monitoring of sun exposure must be employed. Polysulphone film badges are the most suitable personal dosimeters to date for these studies. Assessment of itching and discomfort may be reliably performed by the use of a visual analogue scale. Symptoms may also be assessed, but less precisely, by means of a diary record. Only by the use of controlled trials, however, will anecdotal dogma be prevented from inappropriately entering the therapeutic armamentarium of the dermatologist who manages such light sensitive conditions.

Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Differential diagnosis of inflammatory processes of the face.

We have discussed some aspects of differential diagnosis of inflammatory processes of the facial skin. The disorders mentioned include: eczematous processes, rosacea-like dermatitis, steroid rosacea, acne, especially the diagnosis and therapy of cystic acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, viral infection (Heck's disease) and circumscribed scleroderma versus systemic sclerosis and hemiatrophy of the face. Our own findings reveal that the cytocinetics in the psoriatic lesion differ fundamentally from other epidermal inflammatory processes, especially as the DNS synthesis time is prolonged. And so we consider psoriasis to be an inborn fault in the metabolism of epidermal and other cells, which is only provoked by secondary influences (drugs, allergic reactions, local traumas). To our surprise cytocinetics in atopic dermatitis do not significantly differ in the dermal infiltrate from subacute allergic contact dermatitis. Pigmentation of the face also suggests the possibility of mercury intoxication.

Acne Vulgaris↗

PubMed1979

Abnormal kinetics of DNA synthesis in ultraviolet light-irradiated cells from patients with Cockayne's syndrome.

Cells from patients with the hereditary disorder Cockayne's syndrome and from the sun-sensitive individual, 11961, are sensitive to the lethal effects of ultraviolet light (UV) but have no detectable defect in either excision- or postreplication repair after UV irradiation. In normal cells and in Cockayne heterozygotes, UV causes a depression in the rate of DNA-replicative synthesis followed by a recovery of normal rates 5 to 8 hr after irradiation. In Cockayne and 11961 cells, the initial depression in DNA synthesis is the same as that in normal cells, but no subsequent recovery is observed. The recovery of DNA synthesis in normal cells appears to be unaffected by fluorodeoxyuridine but inhibited by cycloheximide. This suggests a possible requirement for de novo protein synthesis, but there are a number of alternative interpretations of these data.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed1985

The phototoxic and allergenic potential of EDS liquids.

Liquid fuels derived by direct coal liquefaction may be similar in boiling range and chemical composition to coal tar products. In the past, phototoxicity, an occupational skin disorder, has been associated with coal distillation. Consequently, the phototoxic properties of 5 materials representing the full boiling range of liquids derived from the EDS process were characterized utilizing a guinea pig model. Results with low boiling, coal derived liquids (less than 200 degrees C) were not different from unirradiated controls; however, liquids boiling above 200 degrees C induced phototoxic effects. These results suggest that high boiling EDS liquids may possess phototoxic potential. Differences in the phototoxic activities of liquids of similar boiling range may be related to chemical composition. A study of the allergenic potential of the EDS liquids described above was conducted utilizing the guinea pig maximization test. None of the test materials produced positive responses, suggesting that EDS liquids are low in allergenic potential.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Photodermatoses during childhood].

Actinic dermatitis and phototoxic and idiopathic photodermatoses occur relatively often during childhood. Photodermatoses stemming from enzyme defects and genetic disorders are much less common, while photoallergic and chronic actinic dermatitis have not been dealt with to date. A specific sensitivity of a child's skin to light is often the first manifest clinical symptom of a photodermatosis, the key is to ensure early diagnosis. However, it is often difficult to reach a diagnosis, as the lesions are barely perceptible or have even healed by the time the patient is examined. This is why photoprovocation tests are so important in diagnosing photodermatoses, particularly during childhood. In addition to early diagnosis of these illnesses and offering the appropriate treatment, it is also crucial that the parents be well informed and aware of what symptoms to look for so that they can protect their children from overexposure to UV light and thereby avoid later actinic injuries that can become as serious as malignancies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Actinic granuloma successfully treated with acitretin.

Actinic granuloma is a rare skin disorder that develops in an area of actinic elastosis. The pathogenesis of the disease is obscure but the most accepted hypothesis implicates the solar radiation as the triggering factor. Typically the disease presents in middle-aged individuals with significant past sun-exposure and involves mainly the sun-exposed skin. It manifests as asymptomatic annular patches with elevated borders and central atrophy and shows little tendency to regression. Several treatments have been tried with variable success. We present a 74-year-old male who consulted our department for annular atrophic plaques involving his forehead and nose, present for 8 months and insidiously spreading but otherwise asymptomatic. A biopsy confirmed the clinical suspicion of actinic granuloma and excluded other possibilities. Our patient was commenced on acitretin 25 mg/day and showed a remarkable improvement within a year; the lesions stopped spreading and almost disappeared.

Acitretin↗

PubMed2005

A case of chronic actinic dermatitis treated with topical tacrolimus.

INTRODUCTION: The treatment of chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD), a sun-induced disorder characterized by a persistent eczematous eruption, involves photoprotective measures, topical corticosteroid therapy and, in more severe cases, systemic immunosuppression. The potential side effects of systemic immunosuppressant drugs prompted us to evaluate the efficacy of topical tacrolimus for treatment of CAD. PATIENT AND TREATMENT: A 58-year-old man with CAD, resistant to previous treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroids, oral cyclosporine and PUVA-photochemotherapy, was treated with tacrolimus ointment 0.1% once a day. RESULTS: Tacrolimus ointment led to significant improvement of pruritus and severe eczematous skin lesions after 20 days of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Tacrolimus shows a beneficial effect on CAD; this could be attributed to the fact that CAD is characterized by a lymphohistiocytic infiltrate producing a chronic eczema and that tacrolimus blocks the activation of lymphocytes and other immune system cells, also inhibiting the release of mediators from cutaneous mast cells and basophils.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1996

Early-onset periodontitis associated with Weary-Kindler syndrome: a case report.

Weary-Kindler syndrome is a rare and poorly understood genetic disorder that has manifestations of both epidermolysis bullosa and poikiloderma congenitale. There are approximately 70 cases documented in the past 40 years but no cases appear in the dental literature, although dental findings have been discussed superficially in dermatological and pediatric publications. This case reports on the periodontal findings and treatment for a 16-year-old female diagnosed with the syndrome. Early exfoliation of deciduous teeth, severe periodontal bone loss around many permanent teeth, and fragile bleeding gingiva were key features. Microbiological testing revealed an absence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and low levels of other commonly accepted periodontal pathogens. Tests for inflammation, including AST and elastase, were positive prior to therapy and greatly decreased after mechanical root instrumentation. A beneficial effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy was observed in the short-term follow-up.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Polymorphic light dermatitis. Photobiology and photoprotection].

It is possible in the majority of patients with polymorphic light eruption to produce lesions experimentally. Only the reproduction of the clinical reaction is significant for the diagnosis. Irradiation is carried out in the same test area two or three times with a dose of up to eight times the minimal erythema dose. Sunlight is the best agent for the evaluation of this protocutaneous disorder. A localised area of the skin can be exposed to midday sunshine about half an hour on three consecutive days. But sunlight has the disadvantage of having a variable ultraviolet emission at different times. It is necessary to differentiate lupus erythematosus and photocontact dermatitis, which may produce identical reactions. Other light sources are the hot quartz lamp, fluorescent tube "sun lamp", solar simulator and the monochromater. Patients with polymorphic light eruption are sensitive to light in the range 300 to 320 nm. but some of them are sensitive to savelengths shorter or longer than this range. The methods of protection against solar radiation which have been tried include: 1) Avoidance of sunlight; 2) Promotion of melanin hyperpgimentation and thickening of the stratum corneum-by controlled exposure to sunlight; 3) Application of a film of a chemical compound that will act as a physical screen and absorb, scatter or reflect damaging radiation; 4) Chemical modification of the stratum corneum by topically applied substances which can conjugate chemically or be absorbed onto the stratum corneum and filter the damaging rays. Many authors at present consider the use of alcoholic solutions of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to be the most effective method of preventing reactions from exposure to sunlight. Pathak and Fitzpatrick showed that 5 % PABA in 70 % ethanol and 2,5 % Escalol 506 in 65 % ethanol is the most effective sunscreen against radiation of the sunburn spectrum. A dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and naphthaquinone (lawsone) sunscreen provides photoprotection for all types of photosensitivity throughout the whole UV spectrum even into the visible region. Systemic photoprotection: The administration of beta-carotene to patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria has resulted in amelioriation of their photosensitivity. Antimalarials are valuable therapeutic agents and are highly effective in controlling cutaneous lupus erythematosus, polymorphic light eruption and occasionally solar urticaria.

Drug Evaluation↗

PubMed2006

Immune responses to isolated human skin antigens in actinic prurigo.

BACKGROUND: Actinic prurigo (AP) is a frequent photodermatosis among Amerindians, with a high incidence among women and children below ten years of age. Neither the cause of actinic prurigo nor its etiological agent have been described. Not much is known about the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease, although associations with the human leucocitary antigens (HLA) and local immune responses seem to play an important role in its expression, as is the case in other skin autoimmune disorders, such as pemphigus and psoriasis. MATERIAL/METHODS: In this paper we compare cellular and humoral immunity through in vitro proliferation studies, ELISA and immunofluorescence tests in actinic prurigo patients and healthy controls. RESULTS: Autoantibody reactivities on the skin and also proliferative responses to isolated autologous skin antigens were higher in patients than in controls. The polyclonal cellular immune response against T cell mitogens and against allogeneic stimuli was found to be diminished in patients. CONCLUSIONS: We found autoimmune reactivity in patients suffering from actinic prurigo. We postulate that AP patients may have one or more skin antigens that stimulate an autoimmune response, which causes the observed skin lesions. As AP is a pathology that affects mainly the skin, any immune response should be localized and the observed infiltrating lymphocytes in skin biopsies should be activated by these hypothetical antigens.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Retinoid therapy: compatible skin care.

Topically applied tretinoin (a retinoid) has been used for over 25 years to treat acne and disorders of keratinization. Now, tretinoin emollient cream, 0.05% (Renova(R)), may be prescribed for the treatment of photodamaged and chronologically aged skin, in conjunction with appropriate skin care and sun protection routines. Mild to moderate cutaneous side effects to topical tretinoin, such as xerosis, peeling, erythema and subjective irritation, are experienced by a majority of patients undergoing retinoid therapy. Results of clinical compatibility testing show that concomitant use of effective moisturizers, mild cleansers and daily sunscreens greatly enhance skin tolerance and patient comfort. A frequently prescribed regimen for topical treatment of photodamaged skin includes a combination of tretinoin and glycolic acid. While many clinicians report the use of both these agents for the management of their patients, little information exists in the literature about their compatibility in concomitant use. The results of a double-blind clinical study demonstrate that daytime usage of one of two 8% glycolic acid lotions in addition to nightly applications of Renova was well tolerated as part of a comprehensive skin care and sun protection program.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1992

Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica. DNA repair reduction in the cellular response to UV light.

BACKGROUND: Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica, a special type of primary cutaneous amyloidosis, is assumed to be a congenital disorder and sun exposure is thought to be the major causal factor. Herein we report a case of this rare disease and DNA repair characteristics of UV damages in the fibroblasts derived from the patient. OBSERVATIONS: A 24-year-old Japanese woman showed hyperpigmented and hypopigmented xerotic lesions in sun-exposed skin since she was 10 years old; deposits of amyloid material were detected in the papillary dermis. The fibroblasts were hypersensitive to UV-B, but not so sensitive to UV-C. Unscheduled DNA synthesis of the patient's cells after UV-C exposure was lower than that of normal cells at 3 hours and both reached the same level at 6 hours. After UV-B exposure, unscheduled DNA synthesis of the patient's cells was lower than that of normal cells at least until 6 hours after UV exposure. CONCLUSION: Although the origin of amyloidosis cutis dyschromica is unknown, hypersensitivity to UV-B with possible DNA repair defects is suggested to be the cause of this disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Altered cytokeratin expression in actinic cheilitis.

BACKGROUND: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a widely recognized precancerous lesion of the lip. Varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia may be present. However, no studies have correlated epithelial changes with cytokeratin expression that might reflect the disordered maturation that is probably occurring. METHODS: Thirty-four cases diagnosed as AC were classified according to dysplasia degree, and submitted to immunohistochemical staining for the detection of cytokeratins (CKs) 7, 8, 13, 14, 16 and 19. Normal mucosa adjacent to the lesions was also evaluated. RESULTS: The results obtained showed that CK10 immunostained only superficial keratinized epithelial layers in 11 cases, and also intermediate spinous layers in 18 cases. Cytokeratin 14 was expressed in all epithelial layers of 31 cases, in two cases its expression was in the basal and intermediate layers, and one case was negative. Cytokeratin 13 immunostained 26 cases and was negative in eight cases. In these eight cases, CK13 was apparently replaced by CK16. Cytokeratin 16, besides these eight cases, was also expressed in the spinous intermediate layers of a further eight cases. The remaining CKs tested were all negative. No relation between the degree of dysplasia and the CK expression was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokeratin expression in AC is different from that of normal oral mucosa, and is not related to the degree of dysplasia.

Adult↗