SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “RETINAL HEMORRHAGE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

Choroidal neovascular membrane and other chorioretinal complications of acquired syphilis.

We reviewed ten patients who had posterior segment complications of acquired syphilis. Five of these patients had a neovascular membrane of the choroid associated with secondary or tertiary syphilis. Vision was stabilized after laser photocoagulation in one patient who had a choroidal neovascular membrane. Five additional patients had ocular manifestations including uveitis, optic neuritis, neuroretinitis, chorioretinitis, retinal hemorrhages, arterial and venous occlusion, vasculitis, and retinitis. Treatment of chorioretinal complications of syphilis with intravenous penicillin, if initiated early in the course of the disease, may result in excellent visual recovery.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Hyphema with secondary hemorrhage: think about sickle cell disease].

The Authors report a case of a 13-Year-old white child who presented a grade I hyphema, anterior chamber inflammation after trauma. He presented a secondary hemorrhage with increased intraocular pressure that was not controlled within 48 h, thus requiring surgical intervention. A hemoglobin electrophoresis and hemostasis test showed a sickle cell trait. After hemorrhage resorption, the ocular fundus showed substantial retinal hemorrhage. The final visual outcome was poor and attributed to optic atrophy. Sickle cell trait is a significant risk factor for secondary hemorrhage, increased intraocular pressure, and permanent visual impairement in children who have traumatic hyphemas following blunt trauma.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The neonatal fundus in maternal toxemia.

Toxemic changes in the maternal fundus and their relationship to fetal prognosis have been studied. A study of the neonatal fundus in maternal toxemia revealed a 76.67% incidence of vascular changes similar to those seen in the maternal fundus. Arteriolar spasm, focal or generalized, was present in 23 of the 30 neonates seen. A pallor of the disc was present in six cases. Four infants, 13.33%, had either extensive dot and blot retinal hemorrhages with soft exudates, or a serous retinal detachment. The last four neonates died within the first postnatal week. This work highlights the fact that retinal vascular decompensation mirrors similar changes in the cardiopulmonary or cerebral circulation and should be considered as a determinant of the fetal prognosis in maternal toxemia.

Female↗

PubMed2002

Bilateral retinal occlusion progressing to long-lasting blindness in severe preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND: Temporary blindness in pregnancy associated with preeclampsia has been reported. Most cases have been attributed to cortical cerebral edema with transient vision impairment. We present a patient with bilateral retinal arteriole occlusions causing permanent blindness. CASE: A teenage primigravida at term presented with uterine contractions and preeclampsia. Twenty-four hours after delivery she developed sudden visual loss that progressed to total bilateral blindness. Imaging studies ruled out cerebral edema and an ophthalmologic examination found retinal hemorrhages and infarcts consistent with bilateral central retinal arteriole occlusions. At 2- and 6-month follow-up there was marked persistent visual impairment. CONCLUSION: The combination of blindness and preeclampsia is rare. Evaluation for ophthalmologic findings should be part of the initial patient assessment with preeclampsia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Late ocular complications after bone marrow transplantation.

The most usual late ocular complications after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) are the microvasculopathy in the ocular fundus, the cataract formation and the keratoconjunctivitis sicca syndrome. Microvascular lesions in the eye fundus were evaluated in 127 patients treated at the University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland and appeared to be cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, edema of the optic disk and retinal lipoid deposits. 13 of the 127 patients (10.3%) developed ischemic lesions of the fundus 3 to 6 months after BMT. Microvasculopathy was observed exclusively in patients conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI) and treated with cyclosporine A for graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). It is therefore likely that both factors are needed for the development of the microvasculopathy and we believe that lesions observed in the fundus are not restricted to the eye but reflect a generalized process of the capillary system. Cataract formation was evaluated in 197 patients treated at the University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland. 70 of the 197 (36%) patients developed cataract and 46 (23%) patients needed a surgical repair. After single dose TBI, all patients alive at 3.5 years had a lens opacification. In patients treated with fractionated TBI the probability of developing cataract is 29% at 3.5 years but 83% at 6 years. Only 1 of 33 patients conditioned with chemotherapy alone had cataract formation. In conclusion TBI as well as the mode of irradiation are the main risk factors for the development of cataract. Preventive measures, such as lens shielding during TBI should be considered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Retinal complications in AIDS patients at the Lomé (Togo) University Hospital].

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe retinal complications observed in patients presenting with AIDS at Lome teaching hospital. MATERIAL: All patients who met WHO AIDS clinical case diagnostic in Africa, admitted for various signs in hospital, were followed between December 1996 and May 1997 for ocular examinations. RESULTS: We surveyed 94 patients; 41 (43.6%) had retinal lesions. Retinal complications were cotton whool spots (30 cases), retinal hemorrhages (4 cases), papilloedema (4 cases), cytomegalovirus retinitis (8 cases). Mortality in patients with retinal complications occurred 10 months after the clinical diagnosis of AIDS. CONCLUSION: This study has found a high retinal morbidity contrasting with other studies in Africa. This could be explained by the longer period of follow-up larger than in previous similar studies.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed1987

Neonatal subdural hematoma secondary to birth injury. Clinical analysis of 48 survivors.

In order to evaluate the treatment and prognosis of subdural hematoma in neonates, we analyzed 48 survivors in the 3-year period January 1979 to December 1981. Based on the CT findings, the hematomas were grouped into four types according to location: type I, localized around the posterior interhemispheral fissure (25 cases, 52%); type II, extending from the posterior interhemispheral fissure to the hemispheric convexity (5 cases, 10%); type III, extending from the incisura to the posterior fossa (15 cases, 31%); and type IV, subdural hematoma accompanied by intracerebral hemorrhage (3 cases, 7%). Intracranial pressure was measured via the anterior fontanel in 13 cases. In 10 cases of extensive hemorrhage, the pressure exceeded 200 mm H2O. The age of the patients was from 0 to 7 days. There were 36 mature (75%) and 12 premature (25%) infants. The mothers were primiparous in 27 cases (56%). Fetal presentation was cephalic in 38 cases (79%), in 10 of which (21%) suction delivery was performed, and breech in 11. The fundus oculi was examined in 32 cases. Retinal hemorrhage was noted in 12 cases; it did not correlate with the type of hematoma or the intracranial pressure. Operations were performed in 13 cases; 1 of type I, 4 of type II, 5 of type III, and 3 of type IV. Functional prognoses were found to be as follows: type I, normal 15, abnormal 4, undetermined 6; type II, normal 4, abnormal 1; type III, normal 13, abnormal 1, undetermined 1; type IV, normal 1, abnormal 2 cases.

Birth Injuries↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Seasonal variations in the incidence of suspected shaken baby syndrome.

A retrospective review of cases at a level I pediatric trauma center from 1995 through 1999 was conducted to identify cases of suspected shaken baby syndrome. Cases were included if the primary diagnosis was associated with shaken baby syndrome, such as retinal hemorrhage or subdural hematoma. The daily temperature and month of admission were evaluated to identify possible seasonal variations in the incidence of suspected cases.

Battered Child Syndrome↗

PubMed1978

A pathological study of eye involvement in acute leukemia of childhood.

The eyes of 60 children dying of acute leukemia between 1968 and 1976 at the Children's Hospital Medical Center have been examined pathologically. An attempt has been made to relate eye findings to the state of the systemic disease at the time of death. Eight of the 60 patients had leukemia retinal infiltrates and all eight had fulminant disease with terminal leukocyte counts over 100,000 per cubic millimeter and a high percentage of "blast" cells. Twenty-six patients (43%) had leukemic infiltration of the choroid which was not apparent clinically, but which would require therapy in any effort to eradicate leukemic cells from the body. Five of six patients with optic nervic involvement had coexistant meningeal leukemia. Isolated retinal hemorrhages could not be correlated with other parameters of the leukemic process.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2004

Normal computerized tomography of brain in children with shaken baby syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical presentation and clinical course of shaken baby syndrome (SBS) with normal cranial computerized tomography (CT) on admission and to suggest further diagnostic procedures in such circumstances. METHODS: Using a worldwide listserv designed to facilitate discussion in the field of child abuse and neglect, we solicited case information for children hospitalized in different medical centers, who were diagnosed with SBS and had a normal CT scan on admission. RESULTS: Nine cases were identified. While all children had an abnormal neurologic examination on admission, eight had a normal CT, and one had "widening of cranial sutures." In four cases, subdural hemorrhage was diagnosed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3 to 7 days after admission. Five children had bone fractures. The neurological outcome was normal in four of nine cases. Five children had long-term neurologic damage. The diagnosis of SBS was supported by either perpetrator confession, characteristic evolution of brain abnormalities on CT or MRI, inconsistent or absent explanatory history, and/or other social risk factors. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of SBS can be established even when brain CT is normal on admission. The documentation of retinal hemorrhages is of primary importance in establishing the diagnosis of SBS in these cases.

Brain↗

PubMed2002

Ophthalmology of shaken baby syndrome.

Retinal hemorrhages are an important indicator of Shaken Baby syndrome. However, a thorough description which includes the number, type, and distribution pattern of hemorrhages can be useful in determining their specificity. In particular, numerous pre-retinal, intraretinal, and subretinal hemorrhages extending out to the edges of the retina and/or splitting of the retina (traumatic retinoschisis) seem to be particularly indicative of shaking with a very narrow differential diagnosis. Shaking appears to be a key element in creating hemorrhagic retinopathy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1991

Doxium (calcium dobesilate) reduces blood hyperviscosity and lowers elevated intraocular pressure in patients with diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma.

In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 79 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with early retinopathy and open-angle glaucoma received orally either three 500-mg capsules of Doxium (calcium dobesilate) daily for 6 months (41 patients) or three placebo capsules daily for the same period (38 patients). At the end of the study statistically significant differences in the Doxium group compared with the placebo group were recorded: intraocular pressure, visual field defects, surface area of retinal hemorrhages, and whole blood and plasma viscosity were reduced (p less than 0.001). Coefficient of outflow facility and serum albumin concentration were increased (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.02, respectively). These results suggest that increased whole blood viscosity is a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and for glaucomatous optic nerve damage. They further suggest that Doxium reduces blood hyperviscosity and lowers intraocular pressure, with a beneficial effect on retinal state and visual fields.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1978

[Disturbances of fusion after extensive retinal haemorrhages in new-born infants (author's transl)].

Follow-up examinations of 21 non-squinting children aged six revealed, that most children who had had extensive bilateral post-partum retinal hemorrhages had a significantly higher incidence of impaired range of fusion (25 degrees max.) as compared to the cases without perinatal hemorrhages. Not a single case of impaired fusion could be improved by orthoptic treatment. The disorder is assumed to be due to a discrete perinatal impairment of the cerebral optomotor centers.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1979

An autopsy study of eye involvement in acute leukemia of childhood.

The eyes of 60 children who had died of acute leukemia between 1968 and 1977 at the Children's Hospital Medical Center have been examined pathologically. An attempt has been made to relate eye findings to the state of the systemic disease at the time of death. Eight of the 60 patients had leukemic retinal infiltrates and all eight had fulminant disease with terminal leukocyte counts over 100,000 per cubic millimeter and a high percentage of "blast" cells. Twenty-six patients (43%) had leukemic infiltration of the choroid that was inapparent clinically. Choroidal involvement was not correlated with high terminal leukocyte counts but was invariably associated with widespread infiltration of other organs. Four patients had optic nerve involvement; all four had coexistent meningeal leukemia. Isolated retinal hemorrhages could not be correlated with other parameters of the leukemic process.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1996

Ocular manifestations of child abuse.

Certain ophthalmic signs have great significance in the diagnosis of child abuse. As Eisenbrey has stated, "unexplained retinal hemorrhages in children under three without external evidence of head injury should be considered diagnostic of child abuse until proven otherwise." While no one single ocular manifestation is pathognomic of child abuse, ocular examination can provide significant and compelling information which can aid in its diagnosis.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗

PubMed1988

Acute high-altitude illness.

Acute high-altitude illness usually occurs at elevations of 8,000 ft or more, is more common than is generally appreciated and is often confused with other disorders. The acute forms of high-altitude illness include acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema, high-altitude cerebral edema and high-altitude retinal hemorrhage. These illnesses often occur simultaneously and in severe forms can be fatal. Gradual ascent and acetazolamide help prevent acute mountain sickness and high-altitude pulmonary edema. The definitive treatment for all forms of high-altitude illness is descent to a lower altitude.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2003

Retinopathy after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stent insertion for acute myocardial infarction.

PURPOSE: To report microvascular retinopathy after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stent insertion for acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Retrospective review of seven patients with a retinal microangiopathy following coronary catheterization, angioplasty, and stent placement. RESULTS: All patients had bilateral cotton-wool spots in peripapillary distribution; four also had retinal hemorrhages in both eyes. None complained of visual symptoms. Lesions resolved spontaneously within several months in six patients. CONCLUSION: Although angioplasty and stent placement are less invasive than cardiac surgery, they appear to cause a retinopathy similar to postpump retinopathy.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Prevalence of retinopathy in patients with anemia or thrombocytopenia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fundus lesions can be the accompanying symptom in many hematological diseases. In cases of anemia or thrombocytopenia, the exact mechanism leading to fundus abnormalities is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to calculate the prevalence of fundus lesions in anemic and thrombocytopenic patients, and define the risk factors for retinopathy. DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 226 patients with anemia and/or thrombocytopenia and a control group of 47 age-matched subjects. The studied variables were age, gender, hemoglobin levels, mean cell volume (MCV), red cell distribution width coefficient variation (RDW-CV), the type of onset of anemia, platelet counts, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), the platelet-large-cell ratio (P-LCR), prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). RESULTS: Retinopathy was observed in 28.3% of the patients as a whole, the presence of fundus lesions being closely associated with severe anemia (Hb < 8 g/dL) and severe thrombocytopenia (PLT < 50 x 109/L). Among the patients with concomitant anemia and thrombocytopenia, the incidence of retinopathy was 38%. Age, low hemoglobin levels, platelet counts, RDW-CV, and increased MCV, MPV and P-LCR were all significantly associated with the presence of fundus lesions at univariate analysis. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Retinopathy is a frequent finding in anemic and thrombocytopenic patients, although it is often not significant clinically. As retinal hemorrhages were found in all of the patients with concomitant severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, it is recommended that all such patients undergo routine fundus examinations.

Aged↗