PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTIONS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infections in patients with pulmonary diseases].

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major nosocomial pathogen. We investigated MRSA-infections in patients with pulmonary diseases referring to epidemiological aspects. Between 9/92 and 2/92 we found MRSA-infections in our hospital in 24 patients (11 female, 13 male, average age 54.6 years). Clinical presentation, main and accompanying disorders and previous antibiotic therapy regimens were registered. Strains were typed using DNA-RFLP and lysotyping. MRSA detection were done in specimen from sputum (12/24) and from the bronchial secret (9/24). In 18/24 cases the MRSA-colonisation was associated with infection. In 15/24 cases the first acquisition of MRSA happened in our hospital, 6/24 times the germ was carried off other institutions and in 3/24 cases it was possibly community acquired. Most frequently patients suffered from bronchial cancer (6/24), from chronical bronchitis (5/24), from pneumonia (4/24) or Cystic fibrosis (4/24). Usually the patients showed other severe comorbidity. 13/24 patients had an antibiotic course before detecting MRSA. Typing revealed a strain already known in different hospitals of Berlin, another known strain of northern Germany and two so far unknown strains. Of interest was a different behaviour of resistance and the lost of resistance of strains in the course. MRSA-infection in pulmonary medicine emerged as a problem mostly in patients with multimorbidity and severe underlying diseases. Change of resistance in strains and new strains were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

First report of septicemia caused by an obligately anaerobic Staphylococcus aureus infection in a human.

In this case report, we describe the first instance of septicemia caused by an obligately anaerobic Staphylococcus aureus in a human. A 45-year-old man presented with septicemia, septic arthritis, and multiple pulmonary abscesses, which were caused by an obligately anaerobic S. aureus. The clinical and microbiological features that led to the diagnosis are discussed. Genotyping cannot at present reliably separate S. aureus subsp. aureus from S. aureus subsp. anaerobius, but phenotypic characteristics suggest that the present isolate is a previously undescribed strain of anaerobic Staphylococcus aureus.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Urinary tract infection by Staphylococcus saprophyticus in a child].

UNLABELLED: Staphylococcus (S.) saprophyticus belongs to the coagulase-negative staphylococci and is the cause of urinary tract infections, especially in young women, rarely in children and in elderly men. Probably the real incidence of urinary tract infections due to these organisms is higher than usually accepted. We report on a 11 3/12-year-old girl, who developed symptoms of a urinary tract infection (dysuria, flank pain), but without fever and elevated CRP. In the bladder aspirate we found leukocytes and S. saprophyticus (cotrimoxazole-resistant). Ultrasound detected intrarenal doubling, but no typical anomalies, disposing for urinary tract infections. The treatment with cefuroxim i.v. and clindamycin p.o. was successful. CONCLUSION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci cultivated in urine represent contamination (mostly S. epidermidis--except in patients, who have undergone manipulation or catheterization of the urinary tract) or they are the cause of an urinary tract infection (mostly S. saprophyticus).

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed2005

Staphylococcus lugdunensis infective endocarditis: description of 10 cases and analysis of native valve, prosthetic valve, and pacemaker lead endocarditis clinical profiles.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and the clinical and echocardiographic features of infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis and to identify the prognostic factors of surgery and mortality in this disease. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Study at two centres (a tertiary care centre and a community hospital). PATIENTS: 10 patients with IE caused by S lugdunensis in 912 consecutive patients with IE between 1990 and 2003. METHODS: Prospective study of consecutive patients carried out by the multidisciplinary team for diagnosis and treatment of IE from the study institutions. English, French, and Spanish literature was searched by computer under the terms "endocarditis" and "Staphylococcus lugdunensis" published between 1989 and December 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient characteristics, echocardiographic findings, required surgery, and prognostic factors of mortality in left sided cases of IE. RESULTS: 10 cases of IE caused by S lugdunensis were identified at our institutions, representing 0.8% (four of 467), 1.5% (two of 135), and 7.8% (four of 51) of cases of native valve, prosthetic valve, and pacemaker lead endocarditis in the non-drug misusers. Native valve IE was present in four patients (two aortic, one mitral, and one pulmonary), prosthetic valve aortic IE in two patients, and pacemaker lead IE in the other four patients. All patients with left sided IE had serious complications (heart failure, periannular abscess formation, or shock) requiring surgery in 60% (three of five patients) of cases with an overall mortality rate of 80% (four of five patients). All patients with pacemaker IE underwent combined medical treatment and surgery, and mortality was 25% (one patient). In total 59 cases of IE caused by S lugdunensis were identified in a review of the literature. The combined analysis of these 69 cases showed that native valve IE (53 patients, 77%) is characterised by mitral valve involvement and frequent complications such as heart failure, abscess formation, and embolism. Surgery was needed in 51% of cases and mortality was 42%. Prosthetic valve endocarditis (nine of 60, 13%) predominated in the aortic position and was associated with abscess formation, required surgery, and high mortality (78%). Pacemaker lead IE (seven of 69, 10%) is associated with a better prognosis when antibiotic treatment is combined with surgery. CONCLUSIONS: S lugdunensis IE is an uncommon cause of IE, involving mainly native left sided valves, and it is characterised by an aggressive clinical course. Mortality in left sided native valve IE is high but the prognosis has improved in recent years. Surgery has improved survival in left sided IE and, therefore, early surgery should always be considered. Prosthetic valve S lugdunensis IE carries an ominous prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Staphylococcal lysate fails to elicit nonspecific immune enhancement in a simulated surgical infection.

Staphylococcus aureus produces a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, which results in some degree of nonspecific immune enhancement. The authors chose to observe the effects of staphylococcal vaccine (staphage lysate) as a possible potentiator of nonspecific immunity. The experiments were performed in a well-known model simulating surgical infection. The experimental results do not support the previously proposed hypothesis that staphylococcal vaccine improves the immune response to a bacterial challenge.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The impact of Fcgamma receptors on Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Antibodies are known to be an important defence mechanism of the host's immune response towards certain invading microorganisms. Earlier findings have shown that antibodies directed to certain surface molecules on Staphylococcus aureus are of importance in systemic defence against infections. To further investigate the contribution of humoral immunity during intravenously induced S. aureus septicemia and arthritis we have studied the impact of IgG Fc receptors (FcgammaRs). DBA/1 mice deficient for the common gamma-chain (lacking the activating receptors, FcgammaRI, FcgammaRIII and FcepsilonRI) or the inhibitory FcgammaRII and corresponding littermate controls were used. We found that absence of FcgammaRII expression significantly increased the survival rate following severe infection with S. aureus. The FcgammaRII-/- infected mice showed increased levels of IL-10, elevated serum levels of IgG antibodies against clumping factor A and enhanced phagocytic capacity of granulocytes and monocytes, as compared to control mice. Deficiency in the common gamma-chain (FcgammaRI, III and FcepsilonRI) did not influence the arthritogenicity nor the mortality of systemic S. aureus infection. We conclude that expression of Fcgamma receptor II is of importance during S. aureus infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Clinical failure of vancomycin treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a tertiary care hospital in southern Brazil.

We describe a case of clinical failure of vancomycin treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection and the laboratory characteristics of the organism in a tertiary referral university hospital in southern Brazil. An 11-month-old male patient presented with pneumonia and S. aureus was isolated from his respiratory tract. Initial treatment with oxacillin and gentamicin was ineffective. Vancomycin was added to the regimen as the patient worsened, but after the 30(th) day of vancomycin treatment S. aureus was isolated from the blood. This isolate had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for vancomycin of 4 mg/mL. After pre-incubation with vancomycin the isolate displayed an increase in the expression of vancomycin resistance and colonies grew in the presence of up to 12 mg/mL vancomycin. Based on these results, and considering that the patient had not responded to vancomycin, the isolate was considered to be S. aureus heteroresistant to vancomycin (SAHV). The SAHV proved to be similar, based on DNA macrorestriction analysis, to methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates from other patients in the hospital who had responded to vancomycin treatment. Our findings underline the need to improve methods in the clinical laboratory to detect the emergence of S. aureus clinically resistant to vancomycin. The fact that the isolate emerged in the blood 30 days after vancomycin treatment was initiated suggests that the organism was originally an MRSA that had acquired the ability to circumvent the mechanism of action of vancomycin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Comparative therapeutic efficacy of teicoplanin and vancomycin in normal and in neutropenic mice infected with Staphylococcus haemolyticus.

This study describes the evaluation of a murine bacteraemia model for assessing antibiotic efficacy in normal and neutropenic mice infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci. In one such evaluation, it was found that there was no significant (P greater than 0.05) difference in the ability of teicoplanin or vancomycin to protect normal or neutropenic CD-1 mice, lethally-infected with Staphylococcus haemolyticus. However, about a four-fold increase of either antibiotic was needed to protect the immunocompromised animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of rifampicin, lincomycin and staphylococcal vaccine on the beta-lysin activity of the blood serum of animals infected with Staphylococcus].

Changes in activity of beta-lysins in blood serum were studied in the time course on albino mice infected with staphylococci and treated with rifampicin, lincomycin and inactivated staphylococcal vaccine administered in combination or alone. It was shown that staphylococcal infection lowered activity of the serum beta-lysins in the animals and therapeutic use of inactivated staphylococcal vaccine stimulated beta-lysin activity. Therapeutic use of rifampicin or lincomycin under the same conditions lowered activity of beta-lysins. The inhibitory effect of rifampicin was less pronounced. Combined use of the antibiotics and the vaccine promoted an increase in activity of beta-lysins as compared to the use of the antibiotics alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

The significance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in general surgery: a multivariate analysis of risk factors and preventive approaches.

To investigate the characteristics, risk factors, and prevention of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a total of 3,627 patients were studied. Among these, 1,336 patients with various infections were used in a risk factor analysis of MRSA to determine the relationship between the use of antibiotics and the incidence of MRSA. Only 3.0% of infections were attributed to MRSA, the esophagus and colorectal region being highly involved, as anastomotic or pelvic abscesses, while the lung had a lower incidence. Almost half the patients with MRSA infections (47.6%) had concomitant infection. A univariate analysis revealed the following significant factors: The coexistence of gastrointestinal or metastatic malignancy, sepsis, tracheostomy, and the prior use of antibiotics such as the beta-lactam compounds or aminoglycosides. A multivariate analysis showed that gastrointestinal malignancy, sepsis, and the prior use of aminoglycosides, tetracycline, macrolides, and carbapenems were independently significant factors. To promote the education of doctors and nurses, regular in-service meetings on MRSA were held in the ward. Moreover, preventive approaches such as patient isolation, strategically placed hand washing equipment, and the use of disposable gloves and contaminated waste bags, have been initiated, and the incidence of MRSA has decreased significantly since then. Thus, to control MRSA, the following steps should be taken: (1) constant and careful surveillance, (2) regular risk factor analyses, (3) the optimal administration of antibiotics, and (4) the education of all hospital staff.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1974

Antibiotic treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus infections of the bovine mammary gland.

Experimental infections were produced in 78 quarters of 17 cows by the infusion of small numbers of a single strain of Staphylococcus aureus. In each single experiment three quarters in a cow were infected, with the fourth left as a control. At times varying from three to 60 days after the infusion of organisms, a standard intramammary antibiotic treatment was administered on a single occasion. A cure was arbitrarily defined as the absence of the organism in foremilk, from direct plating and replated incubated milk, together with return to normal somatic cell count levels as determined by an electronic counter. With these standardized conditions the effects of a number of cow associated factors on the outcome of the therapy were determined.Forty-three of the 78 quarters (55%) were cured by the standard treatment. Significant differences in percentages of quarters cured were found to be associated with the duration of infection before therapy, the lactation age of the cow, the length of time in lactation, somatic cell count in milk at time of treatment, the location of the quarter in the udder and individual cows. No significant effects on the outcome of the standard treatment were found associated with the number of bacteria in the secretion at the time of treatment, previous infection and cure in a quarter nor the season of the year in which treatment was given. Of the 35 quarters in which infection recurred following treatment, organisms were reisolated from 12 within four days, 18 between five and nine days, four between ten and 17 days and one after 28 days. From these data it is apparent that if, as has been suggested, models such as described are to be used for efficacy trials, standardization of some parameters is essential.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

An unusual epidemic of Staphylococcus-negative infections involving anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with salvage of the graft and function.

We performed a retrospective study of 13 patients who had postoperative clinical and laboratory signs of infection after autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. From January 1991 to November 1996 we experienced only 2 infected knees in 1,300 reconstructions, but between December 1996 and February 1997 10 patients in 70 ACL reconstructions developed a postoperative suspected infection. We found the origin of contamination (coagulase-negative Staphylococcus) in the supposedly sterile inflow cannula. When we changed this device, we had only 1 infection in the next 400 reconstructions. The diagnosis in these cases was derived from clinical signs and laboratory results, but only 2 of 11 samples of aspirated synovial fluid tested positive for Staphylococcus. The mean interval between the surgery and the onset of signs of infection and the start of antibiotic therapy was 7.7 days. All the patients had antibiotic association at the highest level. Six knees underwent arthroscopic debridement when the clinical signs indicated resistence to antibiotics. The normal postoperative rehabilitation program was modified but was not discontinued. Although recovery time was longer, overall results were similar to uncomplicated reconstructions. On the basis of our experience, we believe that when there is a notable increase in infection rates, a thorough search for contamination is indicated. Our source of infection was material that was thought to be sterile. Ultimately, early diagnosis and treatment is of critical importance to obtain good results. Even suspicion of infective postoperative complication should be sufficient cause to search for responsible microorganisms and begin antibiotic therapy. Arthroscopic debridement should be proposed to patients with resistence to antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

rRNA gene restriction patterns as an epidemiological marker in nosocomial outbreaks of Staphylococcus aureus infections.

rRNA gene restriction patterns (ribotyping) were compared with phage typing, serotyping, enterotoxins and exfoliatin production in the analysis of 26 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from two different nosocomial outbreaks. Total DNA was cleaved by EcoRI restriction endonuclease. After agarose gel electrophoresis and Southern transfer, the hybridization of the membranes was done with radiolabelled 16S rRNA gene from Bacillus subtilis inserted into a plasmid vector. Six to 13 fragments were visualized. A core of common fragments was discerned for all strains tested. A full correlation between ribotyping and conventional markers was observed in only one of the outbreaks studied. In both outbreaks, ribotyping proved helpful in characterizing otherwise untypable strains.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗