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PubMed1990

Treatment of Class II, division 1, cases with a maxillary traction splint.

Class II, division 1 cases are treated by many different techniques depending on the age of the patient and cause of the malocclusion. To overcome the undesirable effects of headgear on anchor teeth, a removable appliance, the maxillary traction splint, is used with extraoral forces. In this study, 15 patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusions and Class II, division 1, malocclusions were treated with a maxillary traction splint. Cephalograms taken before and after treatment and the sagittal skeletal and dental changes were evaluated and quantified. The results showed that use of the maxillary traction splint prior to fixed appliance therapy is effective in correcting dentoalveolar protrusion in growing patients.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1989

[A trial of mini-splint therapy for internal derangement of TMJ--application for cases without reduction by manipulation technique].

The mini-splint was applied to 21 patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) who had failed in treatment by the manipulation technique. This appliance was constructed of two splints, which were built on the bilateral upper first bicuspids (teeth number 14 & 24, FDI) by methyl-meta-acrylate. As a result, the mean of the maximum interincisal distance was improved from 25.0 mm before to 41.0 mm after splint therapy. Among 21 patients, 18 patients were improved in interincisal opening, 12 patients were free from TMJ pain, and 3 patients were relieved from joint noise. Our studies indicate that this technique is useful as one of the treatment methods of TMJ internal derangement.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

The use of porcelain veneers as coronal splints for traumatised anterior teeth in children.

The value of porcelain veneers in a dentist's armamentarium for providing coronal splinting to anterior teeth is highlighted by two case reports. The splinting of weakened tooth structure by the use of porcelain bonded to enamel provides both stability and good aesthetics. In children porcelain veneers provide a simple means of splinting traumatised anterior teeth which have coronal fractures either for the immediate or the long term.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Stabilizing splint versus relaxing appliances in the treatment of myofacial pain. Preliminary results of a prospective randomized study].

Both stabilizing splints and relaxing appliances have been recommended for the treatment of myofacial pain. It was the goal of the present study to compare the therapeutic effect of these two types of appliances. 26 patients with myofacial pain, whose symptoms were not overshadowed by arthropathy and in whom previous physiotherapy had failed to bring about sufficient pain relief, were divided into two prospectively randomized groups. They received either a stabilizing splint or a relaxing appliance. The therapeutic effect was assessed with the aid of the patients' subjective reports and the Helkimo indices. In spite of the small number of patients the statistical evaluation of the results showed stabilizing splints to be significantly (p less than 0.03) superior to relaxing appliances in the treatment of myofacial pain.

Facial Pain↗

PubMed1978

[The Michigan splint, a diagnostic and therapeutic aid for patients with disorders of the masticatory system. I. Construction on an articulator and fitted in the patient's mouth].

The Michigan splint is an occlusal appliance for patients with functional disturbances of the gnathic system. It helps to stabilize, reposition and to equilibrate and is a means of diagnosis and therapy. Form and function of the splint are described along with its construction. Special attention is given to the incorporation and the checking appointments with the patient. The splint helps to relax the masticatory musculature. Thereby the madibular recording is facilitated. It helps to make a correct functional analysis and to induce a proper occlusal therapy.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

Unstable fracture dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Treatment with the force couple splint.

The force couple splint maintains concentric joint reduction while allowing early active range of motion exercises. Sixteen cases were treated with a force couple created across the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint, levering the dislocated base of the middle phalanx palmarly, while simultaneously lifting the distal end of the proximal phalanx dorsally to restore joint reduction. The splint is constructed from three Kirschner wires and is activated by a single rubber band. The effect of this force couple is present through a complete range of joint motion, thereby allowing active flexion and extension of the joint during bone and soft tissue healing. The force couple splint is capable of producing good to excellent results in patients with unstable acute fracture dislocations of the PIP joint.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

[Functional treatment of fresh outer ligament ruptures using an Aircast splint].

Functional treatment with an Aircast splint can reduce pathological inversion of the ankle joint. Now that we have used the splint since 1981, we report our experience with a small group of patient who have been reviewed three times in the last 4 years. The patients reported good-to-excellent results. Objective evaluation was slightly better in the first follow up evaluation with increased laxness in the stress tests in the last control. However only one patient needed ligament reconstruction. The Aircast splint provides good-to-excellent subjective results and good objective results in 75% of cases. The following indications are valid for operative treatment: Laxity with a talar tilt of definitely more than 15 degrees, or with an anterior drawer of the talus of more than 12 mm in a young athlete who is dependent on complete stability. Patients with osteochondral lesions and avulsed fibular fragments. History of pre-existing recurrent subluxations, possibly in combination with a ligament reconstruction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Dynamic splinting: a systematic approach to the selection of elastic traction.

Elastic traction is an important but occasionally misapplied component of upper-extremity dynamic splints. Information regarding a systematic approach for selection of elastic traction has been limited. A biomechanical analysis of dynamic splinting methods was done to identify factors that might help educate therapists in the proper application of elastic traction. Material properties of elastic traction were measured with a mechanical testing system capable of accurately identifying physical properties of various substances. Results of this analysis indicated that specific spring constant values for clinically used bands ranged from 134 to 531 g, original length values ranged from 0.7 to 3.2 in., the consistency of bands labeled as identical by the manufacturer was generally very good, and each band's ability to maintain its material properties with repeated elongation was similar from band to band and showed gradual diminution after several hundred repetitions. These data were combined with theoretical constructs of splint fabrication to devise a simple and logical method for analysis and determination of elastic traction requirements for various diagnostic applications. A goniometer, ruler, and spring scale are the only tools necessary to perform the analysis. Simple charts depicting forces and moments provide identification of the appropriate rubber band for application.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMed1984

Occlusal splints (MORA) vs. placebos show no difference in strength in symptomatic subjects: double blind/cross-over study.

Many athletes with or without occlusal problems are now using mandibular orthopedic repositioning appliances (MORA) or simply occlusal splints, supposedly to enhance skeletal muscle strength. Recent research to establish these claims has suffered from design inaccuracies. In theory, the MORA reduces temporomandibular stress during clenched jaw efforts. It is suggested that pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding musculature could limit a maximum effort during an athletic endeavour. Eight subjects with TMJ disorders were tested for strength changes in 4 muscle groups with a custom MORA and placebo splint in a tightly controlled double-blind cross-over protocol using a Cybex II dynamometer. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) did not show significant differences in strength change between the two splints. Neither were there any trends that would suggest strength benefits from the MORA.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

The Ganley splint. Indications and usage.

The Ganley splint has been discussed in detail. The author has set forth a reliable protocol for the treatment of pediatric orthopedic deformities and has addressed the role of the Ganley splint in this regard. Finally, the use of the splint in specific disorders is discussed and suggestions for the practitioner have been made.

Foot Deformities, Congenital↗

PubMed1982

[Effect of arm splinting on the duration and possibility of monitoring invasive long-term pressure determination of the radial artery].

A special splint technique, which can improve continuous intraarterial blood pressure monitoring via the a. radialis is reported. This method could be applied successfully in 41 patients of the ICU up to 27 days. Cannulating the contralateral side because of catheter's dysfunction was necessary only in 6 patients. These observations could be seen in contrast to our results, using a conventional splint system, applied in 12 patients for comparison (maximal duration of catheter's placement: 9 days). Our experiences, using this special splint method of arm fixation, lead to the recommendation to use our method routinely in long-term monitored patients, with respect to a longer duration of catheter's intravasal placement, the possibility of undisturbed monitoring and a simple clinical handling.

Arteries↗

PubMed1980

Carpal-tunnel syndrome. Results of a prospective trial of steroid injection and splinting.

In order to define the role of steroid injection and splinting as a method of treatment of carpal-tunnel syndrome, a prospective study was performed on fifty hands in forty-one consecutive patients. All hands were treated with a single injection and three weeks of splinting. Follow-up ranged from a minimum of six months to a maximum of twenty-six months, with a mean of eighteen months. All hands had characteristic symptoms of median-nerve compression at the wrist and increased distal median motor latencies. Eleven (22 percent) of fifty hands were completely free of symptoms at the end of the follow-up period. Hands that initially had mild symptoms and findings of less than one year's duration, normal sensibility, normal thenar strength and mass, and one to two-millisecond prolongations of either distal median motor or sensory latencies had the most satisfactory responses to injections and splinting. Hands with severe symptoms of more than one year's duration and findings of atrophy, weakness, and distal motor latencies of more than six milliseconds or absent sensory responses had the poorest response to injections and experienced a high rate of relapse.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Air pressure splint effects on hand symptoms of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Thirty patients with symptomatic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of both hands were treated with an air pressure splint. Evaluations were made by measuring ring size, hand volume, range and rate of finger motions, grip strength and degree of pain and stiffness. One hand was randomly assigned to the treatment group while the other served as a control. Patients received the air splint treatment for 5 consecutive days. Data were analyzed by a 2-factor repeated analysis of variance to determine the effectiveness of 1 treatment, the cumulative effect of 5 treatments, the effect of the 5th treatment, and whether the results after the 1st treatment lasted until the 5th treatment. All measurements except hand volume significantly improved with the 1st treatment. Furthermore, the beneficial effects persisted throughout the treatment period. These data indicate the air splint treatment is effective in reducing swelling and other symptoms of RA in the hands.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[Dynamic splinting in flexor tendon surgery].

Besides the special microsurgical operative technique, dynamic splinting is one of the basic fundamentals of KLEINERT's technique for primary repair of flexor tendons. The principle of this splinting is explained. Further applications are reported: 1. after secondary repair of flexor tendons (by tendon transfer or tendon transplantation), and 2. after tenolysis. According to our good results the application of dynamic splinting in the above mentioned cases seems to be advisable.

Fingers↗

PubMed1995

[Therapy of narrow canine teeth using a methacrylate orthodontic splint].

32 cases of narrow canine teeth were treated with an orthodontic splint similar to the Becker-splint (1965). The splints are either fixed only to one or two teeth using adhesive bone of to both canine teeth and incisors. They can be made simply within short time and may treat different orthodontic problems.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[A study of computed tomography of elderly temporomandibular joint disorders syndrome (TMJDS) patients treated with and without splint in three dimensions].

The computed tomography of elderly TMJDS patients treated with and without splint were studied in three dimensions. The results showed that the condyle was in a retruded position in the glenoid fossa in sagittal dimension and the horizontal condylar angle appeared asymmetry in axial dimension. Under the splint treatment, the retruded condyle can be adjusted to the center of the glenoid fossa and the horizontal condylar angle can be balanced, since the splint may correct the vertical dimension and eliminate the occlusal interferences. This study indicates that the horizontal condylar angle can be considered as a significant factor in diagnosis of TMJDS and evaluation of the outcome of treatment.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Straight needle corneal splinting for anterior segment surgery.

Corneal splinting is an old and well established surgical technique and modern straight needles allow for atraumatic and accurate placement, providing an alternative to suture-fixation scleral ring support. We have routinely used two straight, 150-micrometer diameter, 16-millimeter length suture needles passed through clear cornea, to act as anterior segment splint supports during anterior segment surgery in which the cornea would otherwise collapse. The needles enter through the clear corneal periphery, pass across the anterior chamber, and exit through clear cornea in a criss-cross configuration. This splint technique is quick and easy to perform and is an alternative or addition to suture-fixation scleral ring support.

Anterior Eye Segment↗

PubMed1977

Cylinder splints: their use in the treatment of arthritis of the knee.

Cylinder knee splints afforded significant relief of pain and were not associated with loss of range of motion or muscle strength in 13 of 15 patients. Splints help patients who demonstrate persistent synovitis of the knee, who do not respond to intraarticular injection of steroids, and for whom surgery is not immediately appropriate. The fiberglass polymer used in this study has several advantages over plaster for splints.

Arthritis↗