PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Tooth Remineralization”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Enamel rehardening by bread consumption.

PURPOSE: To investigate the in situ rehardening effect by white or whole-meal bread on softened enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve volunteers wearing orthodontic removable appliances participated in this study. The intraoral test was chosen for measuring microhardness of enamel slabs inserted into the dental appliance. Average microhardness of enamel was calculated at three stages: At start (baseline), after exposing the enamel slabs to a citrus beverage (pH 3.4) for 30 minutes in vitro as a softening agent, followed by intraoral exposure for a duration of 5 minutes to stimulated secreted saliva by parafilm chewing (control), or to 15g white- and wholemeal-bread mastication respectively (experimental). RESULTS: A significant rehardening of the softened enamel surfaces took place following mastication of the two bread samples and salivary secretion. The differences in the rehardening potentials of the bread samples as compared to that of saliva were not significant. From the conditions chosen for the experiment, there was no sufficient evidence to support the hypothesis that bread eating with calcium and phosphate concentrations at the existent levels will afford a significant greater rehardening than saliva alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

De/remineralization from sodium fluoride dentifrices.

PURPOSE: To test the demineralization/remineralization effects of sodium fluoride dentifrices using an in situ single-section crown model system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A fluoride dose response was evaluated using 0, 1100 and 2800 ppm F-, along with the effects of an enhanced fluoride delivery system (polyampholyte-NaF). The single-section crown model was employed with supervised toothbrushing twice a day. At the end of each 1-month study leg, sections were removed and replaced with new sections for the next leg. Both before and after the double-blind, crossover portion of the study, sections were evaluated by polarized light microscopy and microradiography. The change in mineral content of the enamel and root lesions was analyzed by ANOVA with a Waller-Duncan K-Ratio Test post hoc. RESULTS: The placebo dentifrice group showed a loss of mineral and was statistically different from all groups. The fluoride dentifrices showed increasing amounts of enamel mineral gain, with increasing fluoride concentration. The polyampholyte-NaF delivery system with 1100 ppm F- was equivalent to the 2800 ppm F- dentifrice. Root lesions gave similar rank-order results although all treatments showed demineralization or mineral loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Xylitol chewing gum and dental caries.

There is an extensive peer-reviewed literature on xylitol chewing gum as it pertains to effects on tooth decay in human subjects, on human dental plaque reduction, on inhibition of dental plaque acid production, on inhibition of the growth and metabolism of the mutans group of streptococci which are the prime causative agents of tooth decay, on reduction of tooth decay in experimental animals, and on xylitol's reported contribution to the remineralisation of teeth. The literature not only supports the conclusion that xylitol is non-cariogenic but it is now strongly suggestive that xylitol is caries inhibitory, that is, anti-cariogenic in human subjects, and it supplies reasonable mechanistic explanation(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Stabilisation of rampant caries: polyol gums and arrest of dentine caries in two long-term cohort studies in young subjects.

The purpose of this paper is to report clinical observations on the stabilisation of dentine caries in two chewing gum studies carried out in young subjects. One study focused on the permanent dentition of 1,277 initially 10-year old subjects, while the other study was carried out on 510 initially 6-year old subjects and focused on the primary dentition. In both trials, several chewing gum formulas containing dietary polyols (xylitol and sorbitol, or their combinations) were used for up to 40 months (10-year olds) or up to 24 months (6-year olds). The daily consumption level of both polyols was up to 10.7 g per subject, used normally in 5-minute chewing episodes 3 to 5 times per day. Supervised chewing in schools lasted 5 min per episode, and for variable times during non-school days. Rehardening of dentine caries lesions was observed clinically by experienced, blinded examiners using sharp dental explorers and fibre optic light. After 40 months (permanent dentition) or after 18 months (primary dentition), rehardening (caries arrest) generally occurred more frequently in subjects who used polyol gums than in subjects who did not receive gum as part of the programmes, or who received sucrose gum. Arrest or non-progression of dentine caries was most frequently observed in subjects who used 100 per cent xylitol gums or mixtures of xylitol and sorbitol, but the differences between gums were not consistently significant. However, the usage of 100 per cent xylitol pellet-shaped gum was more frequently associated with arrest of dentine caries than other treatments. These results and previous studies suggest that high-xylitol chewing gum usage can retard or arrest even rampant dentine caries in conditions where effective restoration and prevention programmes have not been instituted, and can also provide additional protection against further caries development during full implementation of restorative procedures by holding the lesion in a non-progressive condition.

Belize↗
PubMed1994

Enamel rehardening with cheese in irradiated patients.

Radiotherapy of head and neck malignancies results in severe xerostomia which induces radiation caries. Hard cheese has potent anti-cariogenic effects, even with minimal salivary gland function. Eight patients irradiated for neck cancer volunteered for this study. The saliva flow rate varied between 0.0-0.15 ml/minute. In vitro etched enamel slabs, prepared from human teeth, were exposed intraorally to parafilm stimulated salivary secretion for 5 minutes or, alternatively, to cheese compounds and saliva due to masticating 20 gm hard cheese for 5 minutes. Microhardness measurements were carried out on the enamel surface at start (baseline), after etching and after rehardening. Stimulated saliva or cheese compounds and saliva, due to mastication, induced rehardening of surface enamel in both, non-irradiated and irradiated subjects. The rehardening was significantly increased in the irradiated group consuming cheese as compared to rehardening by stimulated saliva only and not significantly less of that achieved in non-irradiated subjects. Rehardening achieved with stimulated saliva in irradiated patients was of a borderline-significant lower degree in comparison to non-irradiated subjects. The reduced rehardening capacity of a decreased saliva flow in irradiated patients may be complemented by cheese compounds. For xerostomic patients, hard cheese consumption may be regarded as effective to keep initial caries under control.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1994

Recent advancements in the treatment of root surface caries.

The aim of the paper is to present a review focusing on the magnitude of the problem of root caries. In addition, consideration of the aetiology and characteristics of root surface caries pathology is given as a guide to the appropriate use of operative or non-operative treatment alternatives.

Dental Restoration, Permanent↗
PubMed1993

The science behind caries prevention.

Many agents have been shown to have an anticaries effect or to have the potential for such an effect. They can be categorised by their modes of action into three groups: those which affect plaque and plaque bacteria, those which affect tooth enamel chemistry and those which buffer oral pH. To be effective clinically, agents must not only possess intrinsic efficacy but also good oral retention characteristics. Currently, chlorhexidine is arguably the only antibacterial agent to have inhibited caries in humans, but is not employed in anticaries dentifrices and mouthrinses intended for long-term unsupervised daily use because of formulation difficulties and undesirable side effects such as tooth stain. Certain calcium salts and xylitol may also exert some clinical effect. The only extensively clinically-proven agent is fluoride. Well established reasons for the success of fluoride are its abilities to inhibit demineralisation of enamel and to enhance the remineralisation of incipient caries lesions. Recent research has highlighted the persistence of fluoride in saliva and plaque at potentially-active concentrations between successive regular applications of dentifrices and mouthrinses as a further important mechanistic step. Oral fluoride retention studies can explain recent clinical observations of increased efficacy of sodium fluoride dentifrices compared with sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices of equivalent fluoride content.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

The caries preventive effect of a fluoride dentifrice containing Triclosan and zinc citrate, a compilation of in vitro and in situ studies.

A new generation of 'gun-health dentifrices' has recently become available. These products contain antimicrobial ingredients in addition to fluoride as the caries preventive component. Several experiments were performed to study the effects of the addition of antimicrobials. These included fluoride bioavailability tests, enamel lesion de- and remineralisation studies ('pH-cycling') and in situ caries studies. A comparison was made between a non-fluoride (negative) control dentifrice, a fluoride (positive) control dentifrice (1000 ppm F as sodium monofluorophosphate, MFP) and a test dentifrice containing 1000 ppm F (as MFP), 0.3 per cent Triclosan and 0.75 per cent zinc citrate trihydrate (ZCT). The results showed that the two fluoride pastes performed better in all tests than the negative control. No differences were observed between the two fluoride pastes in the in vitro studies. Under conditions of cariogenic challenge, in situ caries progression was inhibited by the fluoride test paste containing Triclosan and ZCT. This result was significantly different from that of the fluoride control paste, in which group an increase in lesion severity was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Enamel rehardening by soft cheeses.

The in situ rehardening effect by soft cheeses: unsweetened, sucrose-sweetened and strawberry marmalade-flavored, pH 4.5, 4.25 and 4.0 as compared to secreted saliva, was investigated on softened enamel. Ten volunteers wearing orthodontic removal appliances participated in the study. The intraoral test was chosen for measuring microhardness of enamel slabs inserted into the dental appliance. Average microhardness was calculated at three stages: at start (baseline), after exposing the enamel slabs to a citrus beverage (pH 3.3) for 30 minutes in vitro as a softening factor and then intra-oral exposure during 5 minutes to 125 g soft cream cheese mastication, unsweetened and sweetened (experimental), or to saliva secretion, pH 6.8, only by mouth movements (control). Significant rehardening effects on the softened enamel surfaces took place following mastication of the various soft cheeses and salivary secretion. The differences in the rehardening potentials of the cheeses as compared to that of saliva were significant. The rehardening effect of the cheeses decreased (not significantly) in the following order: unsweetened cheese, sucrose-sweetened marmalade flavored cheese and sucrose-sweetened cheese. In spite of the acidic pH of the soft cheese substrates,--the buffering capacity of the protein compounds and the Ca,PO4 ions neutralize a softening effect--the rehardening effect is probably due to an uptake of Ca and PO4 ions by the softened surface enamel from the cheese bolus consumed over the entire 5-minute period.

Adult↗