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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Dental erosion: in vitro model of wine assessor's erosion.

BACKGROUND: Wine makers and assessors frequently experience severe dental erosion. The objectives of this study were to develop an in vitro model of dental erosion caused by frequent wine contact with teeth, and to use this model to assess the effectiveness of a variety of methods which might protect against this form of erosion. METHODS: An initial pilot study found that riesling style wine was more erosive than champagne style, and both more than claret. Wine tasting was simulated by subjecting exposed windows of enamel and root surfaces on 50 intact, extracted human teeth to 1400 one minute exposures to white wine (ph 3.2). A variety of dental materials were applied to the exposed windows on groups of teeth prior to erosive challenge, to assess their protective ability. RESULTS: Protective resin coatings and fluoride varnishes protected both enamel and roots against wine induced erosion. A high degree of protection was provided by apf gel, with less by naf gel. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that dentists may be able to help minimise erosion resulting from frequent wine-tasting in their patients by the clinical application of one or a combination of these agents at times prior to prolonged assessment periods.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Further modification to soft drinks to minimise erosion. A study in situ.

Soft drinks have been successfully modified to reduce enamel erosion. The aim of this study was to further modify an original low erosive blackcurrant drink product by the addition of a gum, to manipulate more favourably other drink parameters. The study was a single-blind, randomised four treatment crossover design involving 12 healthy volunteers. During 10 working-day study periods, subjects wore enamel samples in the mid palatal region of a removable appliance. Specimens were taped to expose a 2-mm enamel window. The drinks under test were: (1) Orange juice, (2) Original blackcurrant drink, (3) Water, and (4) Experimental blackcurrant drink. Drinks were imbibed at 250-ml volumes 4 times a day during appliance wearing from 09.00 to 17.00. Appliances were removed at lunchtime. Measurements of specimens were made at baseline, 2, 5 and 10 days using a profilometer. One 5-day and one 10-day specimen from each subject during each treatment were ultrasonicated. Significant differences, in erosion between drinks, were seen at days 5 and 10. Comparisons of preselected pairs of drinks of interest showed significantly reduced erosion by the two blackcurrant drinks compared to orange juice with no significant differences from water. The original blackcurrant drink produced significantly less erosion than the experimental drink. Ultrasonication removed enamel from the Orange juice specimens but very little from those exposed to water and the two blackcurrant drinks. Extrapolating the effects of both blackcurrant drinks suggested that alone they should not cause significant clinical erosion in a lifetime's intake of 1 litre per day.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Protective effect of the in situ pellicle on dentin erosion - an ex vivo pilot study.

AIM: The acquired pellicle is well known as an anti-erosive proteinaceous layer on enamel, but its protective properties on dentin have not been investigated in detail until now. The aim of the present ex vivo study was to evaluate the erosive effects on pellicle coated dentin. METHODS: Bovine dentin slabs were exposed to the oral cavity of one subject for 120 min for in situ pellicle formation. Subsequently, the slabs were incubated with HCl (pH 2.3) in vitro for 5 min and erosive calcium-release was measured photometrically. In addition, the acid treated specimens were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pellicle free samples served as controls. RESULTS: Calcium erosion from the pellicle coated dentin slabs amounted to 23.5+/-2.9 microg Ca/min (pellicle free samples: 32.2+/-4.2 microg Ca/min). The difference was statistically significant (p < or = 0.05). In pellicle coated as well as in uncoated dentin samples, TEM-evaluation showed a demineralised dentinal surface layer which thickness ranged between 3 and 6 microm. The pellicle itself was partially dissolved but not removed by hydrochloric acid treatment. CONCLUSION: The protective properties of the acquired pellicle against an erosive challenge of the dentinal surface are limited. The dentinal pellicle functions like an ion permeable network rather than a barrier.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Modern methods for assessing the cariogenic and erosive potential of foods.

Assessment of the acidogenic and cariogenic erosive potential of foods requires the use of reproducible and standardised methods. The methodology laid down at the San Antonio conference in 1985 remain today the basis for research on and the testing of foods. The 1999 workshop has updated the appropriate methodology and introduced guidelines on the testing of erosive potential of foods. It is to be hoped that researchers wishing to evaluate foods and their effect on the teeth will continue to use these methods.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Salivary pH changes during soft drinks consumption in children.

UNLABELLED: Dental erosion seems to have increased, perhaps partly as a result of an increase in the consumption of soft drinks. AIM: The aim of this study was to measure salivary pH, flow rate and buffering capacity before and after soft drinks intake in children with erosive lesions and to compare these to equivalent values for healthy caries-free individuals. DESIGN: The study was conducted as a case-control study using standard salivary tests. Thirty children with erosion and 30 age and sex-matched children free from erosion and active caries were included in this study. METHODS: Salivary flow rate was measured through expectoration into a graduated tube, salivary buffering capacity through colourimetric procedures and salivary pH using a digital pH meter. RESULTS: Results showed significant differences between cases and controls for salivary pH, flow rate, buffering capacity, maximum pH drop and minimum pH reached after soft drinks intake. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that all the factors studied are involved in dental erosion and that preventive care is mandatory for children who frequently drink these kinds of beverages.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dental erosion: a case study of a marathon runner.

This paper presents a case study of a recreational runner who unwittingly has caused severe damage to her dentition through her lifestyle and dietary habits. It should serve as a reminder to all dental practitioners that dental problems occur even in patients who seem to be following a healthy lifestyle.

Beverages↗

PubMed1997

Dental erosion in a wine merchant: an occupational hazard?

This paper reports a case of dental erosion apparently caused by wine tasting. Dental erosion can cause extensive damage to the dentition, thereby creating a variety of complex restorative problems. Within the literature dental erosion has been attributed to many factors, but to date there are no documented cases specifically linking it with wine tasting. The dental professional is ideally placed to implement early preventive regimes which would make the occupation less damaging to the dentition.

Food Handling↗

PubMed2006

A critical review of non-carious cervical (wear) lesions and the role of abfraction, erosion, and abrasion.

The terms 'abfraction' and 'abrasion' describe the cause of lesions found along the cervical margins of teeth. Erosion, abrasion, and attrition have all been associated with their formation. Early research suggested that the cause of the V-shaped lesion was excessive horizontal toothbrushing. Abfraction is another possible etiology and involves occlusal stress, producing cervical cracks that predispose the surface to erosion and abrasion. This article critically reviews the literature on abrasion, erosion, and abrasion, and abfraction. The references were obtained by a MEDLINE search in March, 2005, and from this, hand searches were undertaken. From the literature, there is little evidence, apart from laboratory studies, to indicate that abfraction exists other than as a hypothetical component of cervical wear.

Dental Enamel↗

PubMed2001

Bulimia and swallowing: cause for concern.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is evidence of a relationship between bulimia and abnormalities in swallowing function. METHOD: Literature review across a variety of professional areas concerning the physiological effects of bulimia on oropharyngeal swallow structures and function. RESULTS: Investigations of bulimic subjects have identified abnormalities in the oral cavity and oropharynx including dental erosion, changes in taste, tissue manifestations, and potential motility disorders that could impact swallowing function. DISCUSSION: While there is cause for concern regarding the effects of repeated self-induced vomiting behavior in bulimic subjects on swallowing function, more research is needed.

Bulimia↗

PubMed2005

Erosive effects of different acids on bovine enamel: release of calcium and phosphate in vitro.

The present study intended to investigate minimal erosive effects of different acids on enamel during short time incubation via determination of calcium and phosphate dissolution. Bovine enamel specimens were eroded for 1-5 min with eight different acids of pH 2, 2.3 and 3 (citric (CA), maleic (MA), lactic (LA), tartaric (TA), phosphoric (PA), oxalic (OA), acetic (AA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl)). Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) release were determined photometrically using arsenazo III (calcium) and malachite green (phosphate) as substrates. Each subgroup contained eight enamel specimens. Amount of titratable acid was determined for all acidic solutions. MA, LA, TA, AA and HCl caused linear release of Ca and P, PA of Ca, CA of P. For CA, MA, LA, TA, AA, PA and HCl mineral loss was shown to be pH-dependent. Ca dissolution varied between 28.6+/-4.4 (LA, pH 2) and 2.4+/-0.7 nmol mm(-2)min(-1) (HCl, pH 3), P dissolution ranged between 17.2+/-2.6 (LA, pH 2) and 1.4+/-0.4 nmol mm(-2)min(-1) (HCl, pH 3). LA was one of the most erosive acids. AA was very erosive at pH 3. HCl and MA were shown to have the lowest erosive effects. There was only a weak correlation (r=0.28) between P and Ca release and the amount of titratable acid. The method of the present study allows investigation of minimal erosive effects via direct determination of P and Ca dissolution. During short time exposition at constant pH level, erosive effects mainly depend on pH and type of acid but not on amount of titratable acid.

Acetic Acid↗

PubMed2003

Investigation of erosion and abrasion on enamel and dentine: a model in situ using toothpastes of different abrasivity.

BACKGROUND: Studies in vitro suggest that abrasion and erosion may act synergistically to produce wear of enamel and dentine. Methods in situ are recently available to study separately erosion and abrasion of dental tissues. The aim of this study was to combine two in situ protocols to study the interplay between erosion and abrasion of enamel and dentine. METHOD: The study was a single-blind, randomised, five-treatment cross-over design involving 15 healthy volunteers. During each 10-day study period, subjects wore from 0900 to 1700 h an upper removable acrylic appliance holding one polished enamel and one polished dentine specimen. The specimen treatment regimens were: 1. Drinking water and brushing with toothpaste A. 2. Drinking water and brushing with toothpaste B. 3. Drinking orange juice. 4. Drinking orange juice and brushing with toothpaste A. 5. Drinking orange juice and brushing with toothpaste B. Drinking and brushing times were around 0900, 1100, 1300 and 1500 h. Drinks were consumed as 250 ml over 10 min and brushing ex vivo for 1 min to each specimen. Measurement of tissue loss was made on days 5 and 10 of each period using a profilometer. RESULTS: All treatments produced increasing tissue loss over time, which was considerably greater for dentine than enamel. For enamel, the data at days 5 and 10 showed a significant effect for erosion (i.e. orange juice was significantly more erosive than water), but no significant effect for abrasion (i.e. no significant difference between the two toothpaste treatments). The combined orange juice and toothpaste effects were directional for synergy but did not reach significance. For dentine at day 10, many specimens exceeded the 50 microm set limit of the profilometer and only day 5 data were considered. There were significant effects for erosion (orange juice produced significantly more erosion than water) and for abrasion (paste A was significantly more abrasive to dentine than paste B). The synergy effect could not be examined for dentine due to the truncation effect as the set limit of the profilometer was exceeded. CONCLUSIONS: Erosion increases the susceptibility of enamel to toothpaste abrasion. Dentine is considerably more susceptible than enamel to erosion and abrasion alone or combined. Dentine loss appears to correlate with toothpaste abrasivity (RDA value).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Dental fear, regularity of dental attendance and subjective evaluation of dental erosion in women with eating disorders.

This questionnaire study, with a response rate of 53%, examined self-induced vomiting, erosions and dental attendance in women with eating disorders (EDs) as well as dental fear and its effect on attendance and communication with the dentist. A survey of 371 responding women with EDs, who were recruited from a self-help organization, revealed that dental fear was higher in women with EDs compared to the general population. Dental fear was present in 32.1% of women with EDs, and very high dental fear was present in 16.5% of women with EDs. Of those with very high dental fear, 32.3% had not visited a dental clinic at all in the preceding 2 yr, and 43.5% only initiated contact when they had symptoms. Self-induced vomiting was especially frequent in women with bulimia nervosa (87.9%) and in those with more than one ED (the 'mixed group') (80.6%). Among those with self-induced vomiting, 45.3% thought that they had erosions, although only 28.4% had erosions diagnosed by a dentist. Of women with EDs, 61.4% failed to disclose their condition. High dental fear did not affect willingness to disclose the ED. We conclude that dentists should examine ED patients carefully for dental erosions. Moreover, they should realize that most ED patients avoid disclosing their disorder and that dental fear further complicates dental treatment in these patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Comparison of erosion of dental enamel by four drinks using an intra-oral applicance.

There are several causes of erosion - acidic foods and drinks have been implicated and reducing their erosive potential would seem an important area of research. Calcium-citrate-malate (CCM) appeared to have potentially useful properties as an anti-erosion additive. The study aims were to test the ability of an intra-oral enamel slab system to measure erosion and to compare the erosive potential of a citric acid-based orange juice drink either with or without added CCM and a positive and negative control. Eleven adults wore an upper removable appliance for four periods each of 6 days. Each appliance held two enamel slabs which were inserted into the test drinks for 15 min 4 times a day for 6 days. Loss of enamel was quantified by profiling casts of the enamel slabs taken before and after the test period. Loss of enamal was greatest during exposure to a diet phosphoric acid-based cola drink (p < 0.001) but was similar during exposure to the two citric acid-based orange drinks, with or without CCM, and distilled water. The loss of surface enamel measured from a scanning electron micrograph agreed well with the measurement obtained by profilometry. It can be concluded that (a) the intra-oral enamel slab system was able to discriminate between drinks in their erosive potential, and (b) it was not possible to determine if CCM had any potential for reduction in erosion in an acid beverage as the level of erosion observed for both the critic acid-based orange drinks was not statistically significantly different from that observed with distilled water.

Acids↗

PubMed1995

Dental erosion and acid reflux disease.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between gastroesophageal reflux disease and dental erosion using ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH testing. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: The dental group consisted of 12 patients with idiopathic dental erosion who were identified by dentists and screened for gastroesophageal reflux disease using 24-hour pH testing. The gastroenterology group consisted of 30 patients who had 24-hour pH testing in the esophageal laboratory and who were referred for dental evaluation (10 did not have reflux, 10 had distal reflux, and 10 had proximal reflux). MEASUREMENTS: 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring using a pH probe in the distal and proximal esophagus. Complete dental examination with particular attention to the presence and severity of dental erosion; plaque; gingival damage; and decayed, missing, and filled teeth. Analysis of saliva for pH, flow rates, buffering capacity, and calcium and phosphorus levels. Standardized questionnaire to ascertain possible causes of dental erosion and presence of reflux symptoms. RESULTS: Ten of the 12 patients in the dental group (83% [95% CI, 52% to 98%]) had gastroesophageal reflux on esophageal pH monitoring. Nine had distal and 7 had proximal reflux. Seven had reflux in the upright position only, 1 had reflux in the supine position only, and 2 had both upright and supine reflux. No saliva abnormalities were found. Ten patients had typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux, but dietary or mechanical problems that may have been causing dental erosion were not identified. In the gastroenterology group, upright reflux was seen in 5 of the 10 patients with distal reflux and in all 10 patients with proximal reflux. In addition, 40% of patients in the gastroenterology group (12 of 30) had dental erosion (4 of the 10 with distal reflux [40%], 7 of the 10 with proximal reflux [70%], and only 1 of the 10 without reflux [10%]; P = 0.02 for those with reflux compared with those without reflux). The cumulative dental erosion score correlated with proximal upright reflux when all 24 study patients with erosion were analyzed (r = 0.55 [P < 0.01]); this correlation was even stronger in the subgroup of 12 patients with abnormal amounts of proximal upright reflux (r = 0.84 [P = 0.001]). CONCLUSION: Dental erosion is a common finding in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and should be considered an atypical manifestation of this disease.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗

PubMed1986

Factor analysis of dental erosion occurrence.

Some hundreds of patients in the dental schools of Los Angeles and Boston were evaluated and compared for personal information, dietary habits, oral condition and general health. The statistical analysis of results indicated very significant differences for some variables, while others exhibited very similar values for both cities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Modification of soft drinks with xanthan gum to minimise erosion: a study in situ.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the erosive effect of a new blackcurrant/calcium drink with xanthan gum, on enamel in situ, with a low erosive product, a conventional fruit beverage and water. DESIGN: The study was single centre, randomised, single blind, 4 treatment crossover design. SETTING: This study, conducted in 2000, employed volunteers working at the Bristol Dental Hospital, UK. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: 16 subjects (>or=18 years) wore two enamel samples in a removable acrylic appliance. The drinks tested were (A) New blackcurrant/calcium/gum drink (test product), (B) Original blackcurrant/calcium drink, (C) Conventional blackcurrant drink (positive control) and (D) Water (negative control), for 15 day study periods. Drinking was supervised, with 250 ml imbibed four times/day between 9.00am-5.00pm. Profile measurements of specimens were made at baseline, 5, 10 and 15 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Paired t-tests compared erosion by surfometry with selected pairs of formulations. RESULTS: Of 16 screened subjects (3 male, 13 female), mean age 34.2 years, 1 subject failed to complete the study. A caused significantly less enamel loss than C, with no statistically significant differences from B at any time points measured. Of 43 treatment emergent adverse events, none were considered related to the study formulations. CONCLUSIONS: A retained low erosive properties similar to B, with additional benefits of taste flexibility and beverage stability.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Restoration of enamel and dentin erosion due to gastroesophageal reflux disease: a case report.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition where acid contents of the stomach are regurgitated into the oral cavity, which results in continual exposure of the teeth to these acids. Knowledge of the relationship between GERD and dental erosion enables the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the underlying medical condition as well as the affected teeth. This article details a case report where severe dental erosion was present due to GERD. After management of the disease, treatment (i.e., diagnosis, treatment planning, and restoration) of the eroded dentition is described.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis and dental management of eating disorder patients.

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are serious eating disorders that affect a significant number of young adults. Dentists play an important role in the early diagnosis and implementation of comprehensive treatment of patients with these disorders. Dental treatment modalities vary with the severity of the erosion of the dentition and the mental health status of the patient. The decision to proceed with definitive treatment is predicated upon the patient seeking psychotherapy and ceasing to vomit. A description of the early signs with various degrees of dental destruction, are presented.

Adult↗