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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Comparative effects of the novel vasotocin analogue F-180 vs. vasopressin and terlipressin on systemic and splanchnic isolated vessels from portal hypertensive rats.

F-180 has been proposed as a new vasopressin analogue for the treatment of portal hypertension. This study investigates the contractile profile of F-180 compared to vasopressin and its analogue terlipressin on isolated systemic and splanchnic vessels from sham-operated and partial portal vein ligated (PPVL) rats. F-180 (10(-9)-10(-6) M), vasopressin (10(-11)-10(-8) M) and terlipressin (10(-9)-10(-4) M) induced contraction of the mesenteric vein, aorta, iliac, tail and mesenteric arteries. The order of potency in these vessels was vasopressin (pD2 approximately 9) > F-180 (pD2 approximately 8) > terlipressin (pD2 approximately 6). Significant (P<0.01) differences between sham-operated and PPVL rats were noticed exclusively in the mesenteric vein, being the maximal effect of the three agonists at least twice greater in PPVL rats than in sham-operated rats. The order of sensitivity to the vasoconstrictors in vessels from PPVL rats was aorta < mesenteric artery << iliac artery approximately equal tail artery approximately equal mesenteric vein. The contractile profile of these peptides in each vessel from PPVL animals was quite similar, except in the mesenteric vein and the aorta. F-180 showed higher efficacy (P<0.01) than terlipressin in the mesenteric vein and lower (P<0.05) efficacy than vasopressin in the aorta. These findings suggest the existence of a vasoconstrictor territorial selectivity for vasopressin and its analogues, which could justify the efficacy of these drugs in portal hypertension therapy. In particular, F-180 appears to be a viable alternative to the classic vasopressin analogues.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

EEG mapping in mentally retarded children by synthetic arginine vasotocin administration.

EEG investigations (using source-derivation) were performed in 15 mentally retarded children, before, during (at 1 and 6 months) and after three months of pineal hormone treatment (AVT, 10(-6) mg/day, intranasally). Power spectral analysis, maturation lines and EEG mapping were used to ascertain the functional changes induced by AVT. A rapid increase in maturation EEG coefficients was found. It resulted from a significant reduction in the percent amount of theta and delta activity and from the increase in alpha activity. A significant increase in alpha peak frequency occurred after 6 months of treatment as well as a better separation of the EEG patterns between the anterior and posterior halves of the hemispheres. These favourable effects were clearly evidenced by EEG mapping. They are in good relation with cognitive function (attention, intelligence) improvement induced by AVT therapy.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Renal glomerular and tubular effects of antidiuretic hormone and two antidiuretic hormone analogues in house sparrows (Passer domesticus).

We infused arginine vasotocin, the natural avian antidiuretic hormone, and two antidiuretic hormone analogues into house sparrows (Passer domesticus) to evaluate the vascular and tubular components of antidiuresis in a small (25-g) bird. During control infusion of 25 mmol L-1 NaCl (0.6 mL h-1), urine flow rate was 0.73 mL h-1, glomerular filtration rate was 10.0 mL h-1, the ratio of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the urine relative to that in the plasma was 16.4, and urine osmolality was 279 mOsmol kg-1. Infusion of arginine vasotocin (0.4 ng kg-1 min-1) decreased urine flow rate by 50% and glomerular filtration rate by 27%, while urine osmolality and the ratio of urine PEG to plasma PEG rose to 150% and 140% of control values, respectively. A higher dose of arginine vasotocin (1.6 ng kg-1 min-1) accentuated these changes. Infusion of the antidiuretic hormone analogue dPTyr(Me)AVT, designed as an antagonist to the V1 (mammalian vascular) receptors for arginine vasopressin, by itself (4.0 ng kg-1 min-1) had no effect on any measured variable (P > or = 0.1). Infusion of the analogue along with arginine vasotocin (0.4 ng kg-1 min-1) abolished the effect of arginine vasotocin on glomerular filtration rate, which suggests that this analogue blocked vascular receptors for arginine vasotocin in house sparrows. Under these circumstances, changes in urine flow rate, the ratio of urine PEG to plasma PEG, and urine osmolality were reduced to nonsignificance. The analogue d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ile4,Ala-MH2]AVP, designed as an antagonist to the effects of arginine vasopressin at V2 (mammalian renal tubular) receptors, also was without effect by itself. However, in the presence of this analogue, the effects of arginine vasotocin on urine flow rate and the ratio of urine PEG to plasma PEG were significantly enhanced, and this occurred without any enhanced diminution of glomerular filtration rate. Thus, this analogue appeared to activate a tubular mechanism of antidiuresis. Overall, the data suggest that action of arginine vasotocin at renal vascular receptors plays an important role in effecting antidiuresis in house sparrows. Blockade of renal vascular actions of arginine vasotocin by a V1 antagonist suggest that these receptors may be similar to the mammalian vascular (V1) receptor. The data also suggest a separate action of arginine vasotocin at the renal tubules, but the receptors there apparently differ from the mammalian tubular (V2) receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Divergence of gene expression in neurohypophysial hormone precursors among salmonids.

Salmonid fish have pairs of genes for various hypothalamic and pituitary hormones including neurohypophysial hormones, vasotocin, and isotocin, probably because they are tetraploid. The problem here is whether two genes for the same hormone are expressed equally or differently. We therefore examined expression patterns of vasotocin and isotocin genes in four salmonid species using Northern blot analysis with chum salmon cDNAs as hybridization probes. The presence of two vasotocin and also two isotocin genes was confirmed by Southern blot analysis in rainbow trout and sockeye salmon which were not examined previously. Prior to Northern blot analysis, isotocin-I cDNA of sockeye salmon was determined and compared to those of chum salmon and masu salmon, since molecular probes are so specific that cross-species hybridization often leads misinterpretation in a quantitative study. The nucleotide sequence of sockeye salmon isotocin-I cDNA showed sufficiently high homology (> 96.0%) to those of chum salmon and masu salmon for cross-species hybridization among salmonids. Northern blot analysis showed that both isotocin-I and isotocin-II genes were well expressed in all species examined. Expression of isotocin-I gene tended to be relatively higher than that of isotocin-II gene in all species. However, expression pattern of vasotocin-I and vasotocin-II genes did not coincide among species. Expression of vasotocin-II genes was very weak or scarce in masu salmon and rainbow trout, while that in sockeye salmon was stronger than vasotocin-I gene expression. The present result may reflect complicated molecular evolution of salmonid vasotocin genes probably both in regulatory and coding regions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Capacitance, short-circuit current and osmotic water flow across different regions of the isolated toad skin.

The amphibian antidiuretic hormone, arginine vasotocin, stimulated osmotic water flow across isolated skin from the pelvic but not the pectoral skin of the toad, Bufo woodhouseii. Changes in the apical membrane capacitance were not observed for either region of the skin following treatment with arginine vasotocin when there was an osmotic gradient across the tissue. In the absence of an osmotic pressure gradient, the apical membrane capacitance of the pelvic skin increased from 2.8 +/- 0.5 to 3.3 +/- 0.6 microF.cm-2 after treatment with 5 x 10(-8) M arginine vasotocin. Under these conditions, apical membrane capacitance of the pectoral skin was 1.8 +/- 0.1 microF.cm-2 and did not change significantly after arginine vasotocin treatment. The amiloride-sensitive short-circuit current across the pelvic skin was stimulated by arginine vasotocin as was the density of channels in the apical membrane as determined by fluctuation analysis. Values for channel density in the pelvic skin also correlated with apical membrane capacitance and increased from 90 to 273 channels per micron2 of estimated membrane area following arginine vasotocin treatment. In the pectoral skin the stimulation of short-circuit current following arginine vasotocin treatment was small and an increase in channel density could not be demonstrated. The current through single Na+ channels in both regions of the skin did not different either before or after arginine vasotocin treatment.

Amiloride↗