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Results for “Vaccine Development”

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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Plasmodium vivax: Merozoites, invasion of reticulocytes and considerations for malaria vaccine development.

Several Plasmodium vivax merozoite proteins have been characterized over the past few years, including two that bind specifically to reticulocytes. Here, Mare Galinski and John Barnwell examine P. vivax merozoites and constituent molecules that are involved in host cell selection and invasion, and that also are viewed as malaria vaccine candidates. They also discuss how knowledge of the reticulocyte-binding proteins furthers the development of a conceptual framework for malaria merozoite invasion at the molecular level, not only for P. vivax, but for all species of the parasite.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Th1 memory: implications for vaccine development.

T-helper 1 (Th1) cells play a critical role, via interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production, in mediating intracellular killing against a variety of infectious pathogens. Thus, understanding the regulation of Th1 responses could provide better insight into vaccine design for infections requiring Th1 immunity. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the induction of Th1 effector cells have been well characterized. More recently, there has been substantial progress in furthering our understanding of the factors that regulate the development of Th1 memory cells. It is clear that Th1 responses are functionally heterogeneous, as defined by their ability to produce IFN-gamma. Furthermore, this heterogeneity has profound implications for the capacity of distinct lineages of Th1 cells to develop into memory cells. This review emphasizes the mechanisms controlling the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into effector and then memory cells in a progressive manner. It highlights the importance of IFN-gamma as a positive regulator for inducing Th1 responses but a negative regulator for sustaining Th1 effector cells. In conclusion, we discuss how this current understanding of Th1 differentiation will inform vaccine design and better define immune correlates of protection.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunological and molecular variability of OspA and OspC. Implications for Borrelia vaccine development.

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agent of Lyme borreliosis is considerably heterogeneous in Europe. Since the outer surface proteins OspA and OspC are the most promising candidates for a Borrelia vaccine the immunological heterogeneity of these proteins was investigated. By immunological analysis with monoclonal antibodies and sequence analysis of PCR amplified OspA and OspC at least seven and 16 different types, respectively, were found. Whereas skin isolates (n = 68) were quite homogeneous (84% belonged to OspA-serotype 2 or Borrelia afzelii), isolates from human cerebrospinal fluid and from ticks (n = 43 and n = 90 respectively) were highly heterogeneous in their OspA-serotypes with prevalence of the Borrelia garinii associated types (about 70%). OspA-type 4 was often found among isolates from cerebrospinal fluid (28%). In ticks type 4 OspA has not been detected by culture so far. However, as reported in a previous study, type 4 OspA could be detected in ticks by the highly sensitive PCR technique.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Veterinary tuberculosis vaccine development.

Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in domestic livestock and wildlife is a significant problem in many countries worldwide. Wildlife reservoirs of tuberculosis confound programs for tuberculosis eradication from domestic livestock. Successful vaccination against tuberculosis in domestic animals or wildlife could contribute to tuberculosis eradication. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been used as the prototype vaccine for domestic livestock and wildlife. The majority of studies have been carried out with BCG-vaccinated animals challenged experimentally with M. bovis. Although protection against disease has been evident in all these studies, protection against infection has rarely occurred. Results obtained with BCG vaccination of cattle, deer, ferrets, opossums, and rabbits are presented here and highlight the need for appropriate animal models for vaccination and control of the variables that influence the efficacy of BCG vaccine. Refinement of the existing animal models is essential for the advancement of tuberculosis vaccine research of relevance to animals and humans.

Animals↗

PubMed1990