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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Working together toward the issue of conjugal violence: the work of an interdisciplinary task force.

In 1995 each of the Professional Councils at the Royal Victoria Hospital endorsed the creation of an Interdisciplinary Task Force on Conjugal Violence. Task force members were drawn from Medicine, Nursing and Social Work. The overall goal was to increase the quality of care that the interdisciplinary team could provide to their patients. This mandate encompassed three major tasks. First, to study the extent of awareness about the issue among health care professionals; second, to assess their needs for resources and education; and finally, to recommend and implement means of increasing the level of awareness of this health concern among professionals and patients. The task force members educated themselves about conjugal violence and developed a questionnaire that was distributed to health care professionals within the hospital. The number of individuals from each discipline who received the survey was proportionate to their actual number in the center and selected at random. Results of the survey indicated that all groups desired more information and education about the scope of the problem as well as means for assessing and intervening with patients who are abused. The task force developed a Conjugal Abuse Information Package, an Abuse Assessment Screen, a Public Awareness Program and an Ongoing Teaching Program for Health Care Professionals. This project provides an example of how an interdisciplinary health care team can successfully work together for the benefit of patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Families, work, and an aging population: developing a formula that works for the workers.

This article examines the intersection of family caregiving, work, and long-term care. Supporting families who provide care in order to minimize negative work effects while enhancing the acceptability of care options is of common concern to employers, state and federal policymakers, and the homecare professionals in the community-based care system. The contribution of families to the long-term care system, how employer policies have developed, how the public policy agenda has addressed family caregiving, and the importance of a more effective partnership on the state level are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed2004

Ergonomic analysis of New York apple harvest work using a Posture-Activities-Tools-Handling (PATH) work sampling approach.

Although back, neck, and shoulder strains are common among migrant and seasonal orchard workers, little data currently exist regarding the ergonomic factors contributing to this problem. We adapted Posture-Activities-Tools-Handling (PATH) instruments and methods for ergonomic job analysis of apple harvest work in three New York orchards, and used the resulting protocol to quantify hazardous activities, loads, and postures. Using a prototype developed previously, we trained twelve contract orchard observers with classroom training and supervised orchard practice. The PATH data were then collected on 14 orchard workers over four days (2,900 observations). Mean coefficients of variation ranged from a low of 0.212 (standing leg neutral) to a high of 0.603 (trunk moderate flexion). Most frequently observed activities were: picking (62.9%), placing and moving apples in the bag (8. 7%), and walking (8.1%). Weight bearing (>10 lb, >4.54 kg) was observed 78.5% of the time throughout a range of activities. Apple harvest work is comparable with other ergonomically high-risk occupations. Future research should focus on low-cost interventions that reduce load and awkward postures.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed2004

Memory processes of flight situation awareness: interactive roles of working memory capacity, long-term working memory, and expertise.

This research examined the role of working memory (WM) capacity and long-term working memory (LT-WM) in flight situation awareness (SA). We developed spatial and verbal measures of WM capacity and LT-WM skill and then determined the ability of these measures to predict pilot performance on SA tasks. Although both spatial measures of WM capacity and LT-WM skills were important predictors of SA performance, their importance varied as a function of pilot expertise. Spatial WM capacity was most predictive of SA performance for novices, whereas spatial LT-WM skill based on configurations of control flight elements (attitude and power) was most predictive for experts. Furthermore, evidence for an interactive role of WM and LT-WM mechanisms was indicated. Actual or potential applications of this research include cognitive analysis of pilot expertise and aviation training.

Acceleration↗
PubMed2003

Deaf people at work: assessment of communication among deaf and hearing persons in work settings.

This paper focuses on the assessment of communication among deaf and hearing persons within work settings. The paper is organized into two sections. In the first section, findings are presented from an ethnographic study of deaf professionals who have achieved relative success in their employment. The results from this study provide the foundation for a model of communication in work settings, presented in the second section of the paper. This model uses an ecological approach, focusing on assessment of communication at the individual level as it occurs within the broader context of organizational culture, influenced by national trends regarding legal rights, technological advances, and social awareness/attitudes towards deafness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Roles of working memory capacity and long-term working memory skill in complex task performance.

In the present research, we examined the relative roles of domain-general and domain-specific individual difference characteristics in complex cognitive task performance. Specifically, we examined the impact both of working memory (WM) capacity and of acquired skills used to encode presented information in an accessible form in long-term working memory (LTWM) on performance in a complex aviation task environment. Measures of WM capacity and LTWM skill served as performance predictors. A criterion measure of task performance was related to the predictor measures. The results indicated that an increase in LTWM skill decreases the role of WM capacity as the determinant of complex task performance, although both measures are important performance predictors. We discuss how the two distinct WM constructs coexist and interact to support complex task performance.

Cognition↗
PubMed1988

Neck and shoulder symptoms among men in machine operating, dynamic physical work and sedentary work.

Data on the occurrence of neck and shoulder symptoms and some qualities of work and leisure-time activities were gathered with a postal questionnaire sent to 1,174 machine operators, 1,045 carpenters, and 1,013 office workers. They were all men in the age range of 25-49 years. The response rate was 67-76%. The lifetime cumulative incidence of neck and shoulder symptoms was 81% for the machine operators, 73% for the carpenters, and 57% for the office workers. About half of the two groups of manual workers and 24% of the office workers had had symptoms during the last 7 d. Pain in the arms was indicated by 14-17% of the manual workers and 4% of the office workers. Symptoms during more than 30 d within the last 12 months were also more common among the manual workers than among the office workers. Within the manual worker groups, the machine operators had more symptoms than the carpenters. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis occupation, working in twisted or bent postures, age, draft, and job satisfaction proved to be significant risk indicators for neck and shoulder symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of changed working techniques on asbestos dust levels in the working environment.

The methods are presented for correcting the working environment when asbestos dust concentrations are too high. Asbestos dust, being fibrous, remains suspended longer than most industrial dusts, and has a tendency to pack and cling together. Sophisticated monitoring techniques have made possible the attainment of standards that are effective in controlling risks of asbestos related diseases. The most difficult situation to control is the dust produced in stripping old asbestos lagging, but predamping has greatly reduced the contamination. Special attention has been paid to the special needs of people working with asbestos on building sites. Special hoods have been designed to protect workers drilling, cutting and sanding asbestos material. The Environmental Control Committee has prepared a series of Control and Safety Guides and a Code of Practice for the Disposal of Asbestos Waste Material as part of activities to promote new and improved methods of dust control.

Asbestos↗
PubMed2000

Proposal 3: Is a coordinated and effective approach to work force planning, education, and research possible? Part II: The interdependence of research, education and the oral health work force.

Undoubtedly, to achieve the goals set for oral health in New Zealand, representative leadership is essential for effective coordination of work force planning, education, and research. It is to be hoped that, from discussion and debate, this Forum will be able to make suggestions or recommendations for a structure that can be developed to allow the appropriate representation and leadership to drive research and work force planning for the provision of oral health care in New Zealand.

Dental Health Services↗
PubMed2001

[Introduction of ancient Bencao works stored overseas yet not included in Quanguo Zhongyi Tushu Lianhe Mulu (National Coalition Catalogue of TCM Works)].

This paper briefly introduces 14 ancient Bencao works stored overseas yet not included in Quanguo Zhongyi Tushu Lianhe Mulu, with the information, including the authors, accomplish date, number of volume, categories, quantity of drugs, characteristics of content, store sites, and the condition of returned duplicated edition in China, and etc. Among the 14 works, 2 were accomplished in the Yuan dynasty, 9 in the Ming dynasty and 3 in the Qing dynasty.

Books↗
PubMed2000

Working with industry: Matching the work and worker.

The benefits of matching the work to the worker include injury prevention, decreased re-injury rates, decreased turnover, and improved production. This article will discuss three components of an employer safety and health program that allows employers to realize these goals. The program involves partnering with trained health professionals who provide Functional Capacity Evaluation, Functional Job Analysis, and Prework Screening services onsite as means to achieving appropriate matches of the workers to the work.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Patient reports as stories of clinical work: narrative and work in neuroradiology.

OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the connections between the radiology report and clinical work and considers the implications for computerisation. METHOD: A story representation is described that allows consideration of the radiology report as an active unit of narrative rather than a passive collection of data. This paper draws upon the results of a qualitative study of a neuroradiology department. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Radiology reports recount a patient condition but also represent and influence clinical work.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Love and work: oncology nurses' view of the meaning of their work.

Phenomenological interviews with 23 nurses and more than 200 hours of participant observation on units of one cancer hospital were conducted to obtain a better understanding of how nurses caring for patients with cancer view their work. When asked to discuss a "critical incident" that captures the essence of oncology nursing for them, most nurses described acute physiologic emergencies. A few nurses described psychosocial needs and explained how they had helped or were unable to help patients and families deal with these needs. A major theme in these incidents was how they related to the nurses' own lives. These findings suggest the need to provide nurses with support and an opportunity to discuss their work. Oncology nurses appear to be motivated by a deep concern for patients and families that creates tremendous stress when conditions such as poor staffing, excessive use of registry nurses, and unexpected crises occur. The task orientation of these nurses also seems to be based on their fundamental concern for patient welfare.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Myocardial infarction as a work accident in Polish Supreme Court decisions. Part I. Excessive stress at work].

This paper deals with Polish Supreme Court opinions on the acceptance of myocardial infarction as work accident. From them the principle emerges that excessive physical or mental work stress can be accepted as the external cause of myocardial infarction in an employee, whereby the excess strain should be judged in each case individually and with reference to the individual situation.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2004

Return to work for persons with spinal cord injury: designing work supports.

Recent advances in medical practices have led to increased survival rates among persons with spinal cord injuries. Many of these individuals find themselves unemployed post injury and face a myriad of challenges, such as lack of transportation, limited accessibility, and health problems. This paper describes how a Supported Employment approach can be used to assist persons with SCI with return to work. A number of issues that may impede employment and how to circumvent each are offered, along with a case study that describes one individual's return to work.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

[Working environment and health assessment among dentists working at various stomatological institutions in Ajara].

Using anonymous inquiry and specifically constructed questionnaire, it was shown, that in stomatological institutions of Ajara and also in the whole west part of the country, there is lack of specialties in the field of stomatology. Working is conducted without license, in offices and also during working process there are many cases of violation of physiological and hygienic as well as of technical rules procedures. All this lead to: 1. violation of the low; 2. violation of patient's rights and 3. increase in the morbidity rate among the dentists. All the mentioned above requires immediate actions from the respective governmental bodies and also creation of stomatological associations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

What is healthy work for women and men? - A case-control study of gender- and sector-specific effects of psycho-social working conditions on long-term sickness absence.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relevance of the demand-control model and social support in predicting long-term sickness absence (LTSA). Identifying gender- and sector- (private vs. public) specific patterns was in focus. The study uses a cross-sectional design with a case and a control group. The cases are a sample of 2 327 long-term sick listed (>60 days) and the controls are a Swedish population-based sample of 2 063. Data on sickness absence were retrieved from the Swedish national social insurance registers. Data on health, working and living conditions were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire. The results show that employed women have a notably higher risk for LTSA than employed men. High-strain jobs increase the odds for LTSA among both women and men. Active jobs were also associated with LTSA among women. The study confirms the demand-control model (job strain hypothesis) and social support and their associations with LTSA. However, the job strain hypothesis is more evident in the private sector. Active jobs with high psychological demands and high decision latitude seem to be problematic for many women, especially in the private sector. Thus, the active learning hypothesis receives no support for women in the Swedish working population in general.

Absenteeism↗