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PubMed2003

Concentrations of circulating matrix metalloproteinase 9 inversely correlate with autoimmune antibodies to double stranded DNA: implications for monitoring disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus.

AIMS: To compare circulating matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) concentrations with antibodies to single and double stranded DNA (ssDNA and dsDNA) to determine their relation in inflammatory arthritic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Fibroblast MMP-2 and neutrophil MMP-9 were resolved by gelatin zymography and measured by densitometry. Anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA were determined by enzyme immunoassay and samples grouped on antibody content as follows: low anti-ssDNA/low anti-dsDNA antibodies (group 1); high anti-ssDNA/low anti-dsDNA antibodies (group 2); and high anti-ssDNA/high anti-dsDNA antibodies (group 3). RESULTS: Group 3 samples contained significantly lower amounts of MMP-9 when compared with group 1 samples. Higher molecular weight MMP-9 forms (130 and 225 kDa) were virtually absent. Group 2 samples contained intermediate MMP-9 concentrations. Fibroblast MMP-2 was unchanged in all groups. Mean complement C3 and C4 concentrations showed a consistent, but variably significant, decrease with increasing anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA antibodies. The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate was raised in all patient groups. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophil MMP-9, an inflammatory marker, inversely correlates with anti-dsDNA antibodies, which are a specific marker for SLE, and may be important in monitoring disease activity during antibody deposition in tissues.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗

PubMed2005

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression correlates with cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenomas.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and cavernous sinus invasion in pituitary adenoma. METHOD: Tissue samples from 54 pituitary adenomas were examined for expression of MMP-2 protein by immunohistochemistry. In sixteen tumors, the expression of MMP-2 mRNA was also examined by RT-PCR. Immunostaining was semiquantatively scored based on intensity (0-3) and distribution (0-3). RESULTS: There were 34 women and 20 men, with a mean age of 49.9 years (range 18-76). There were 12 tumors with cavernous sinus invasion, and 42 noninvasive cases. The MMP-2 score of pituitary adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion (3.9 +/- 0.5) was significantly higher than those without invasion (2.3 +/- 0.2; P < 0.01). There was no difference in MMP-2 score between macroadenomas (3.0 +/- 0.3) and microadenomas (2.1 +/- 0.4; P > 0.05), and also, no difference between the functioning adenomas (2.8 +/- 0.3) and non-functioning adenomas (2.8 +/- 0.3; P > 0.05). We found no correlation between the MMP-2 score and the Ki-67 labeling index (r2 = -0.05; P = 0.72). MMP-2 mRNA expression was also intense in invasive pituitary adenomas and was significantly higher in invasive pituitary adenomas than those without invasion (68.2 +/- 15.3; 21.8 +/- 8.2; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that MMP-2 may be associated with aggressiveness and invasion in pituitary adenoma but is not related to tumor size or secretory function. MMP-2 may be a useful tool for assessing the invasive potential.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Early, but not advanced, glomerulopathy is reversed by pancreatic islet transplants in experimental diabetic rats: correlation with glomerular extracellular matrix mRNA levels.

In this study, we investigated 1) whether long-term restoration of euglycemia by means of pancreatic islet transplants is capable of preventing and/or reversing renal functional and structural alterations in an experimental model of insulin-deficient diabetes, and 2) whether changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell turnover at the glomerular level and biochemical abnormalities associated with hyperglycemia correlate with the renal outcome after transplantation. Male Lewis rats, rendered diabetic by intravenous injection of streptozotocin, underwent homologous islet transplantation via the portal vein at 2 weeks (study A), at 4 months (study B), and at 8 months (study C) after the induction of diabetes and killed 12 months after transplantation in study A and 4 months after transplantation in studies B and C. Age-matched nondiabetic and untreated diabetic rats were used as control animals and were studied at 4, 8, and 12 months. In the untreated diabetic animals, metabolic derangement was associated with increased erythrocyte polyol and fructose levels, tail-tendon content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), total proteinuria, albuminuria, kidney weight, and mean glomerular volume as well as with marked glomerular and extraglomerular lesions. Glomerular gene expression for the ECM components fibronectin and collagen IV and for TGF-beta was also increased, whereas glomerular cell proliferation was unaffected by diabetes. In study A, changes in renal function and structure observed in diabetic rats at 12 months were completely prevented by successful islet transplants. In study B, all functional and structural abnormalities detected in diabetic rats at 4 months of disease duration were virtually reversed by 4 months of euglycemia in transplanted animals, whereas they progressed further in untreated diabetic rats. In study C, the course of functional and structural changes observed in untreated diabetic rats was not reversed by islet transplantation. Likewise, tissue AGE accumulation and particularly upregulation of glomerular ECM and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta gene expression, which are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of altered renal function and structure in diabetes, were normalized in transplanted rats from study A and study B, but not in those from study C. These experiments show that restoration of euglycemia by islet transplants is capable of preventing experimental diabetic glomerulopathy and reversing early changes in renal function and structure induced by diabetes. In a later phase of the disease, when glomerular matrix gene expression becomes independent of hyperglycemia, possibly because of the persistent increase in tissue AGE accumulation, metabolic control is not capable of reversing renal abnormalities.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 correlates with metastatic potency of spontaneous and 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO)-induced transplantable osteosarcomas in rats.

In the present experiment, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, key proteins in the MMP family, and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2, antagonistic proteins against MMP-2 and MMP-9, respectively, were investigated by Northern blot analysis in rat transplantable osteosarcomas with high and low metastatic potencies. Two transplantable osteosarcomas, one induced with the carcinogen, 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide (4-HAQO) (COS, chemical carcinogen-induced osteosarcoma), and the other, a spontaneous lesion (SOS, spontaneous osteosarcoma), were repeatedly transplanted from lung nodules to generate lines with high metastatic potency, C-SLM (chemical carcinogen-induced osteosarcoma, selected lung metastatic lesions) and S-SLM (spontaneous osteosarcoma, selected lung metastatic lesions), respectively. MMP-9 was overexpressed in both S-SLM and C-SLM, and TIMP-2 in the case of S-SLM. Neither MMP-2 nor TIMP-1 was overexpressed in either of the transplantable osteosarcomas with high metastatic potentials. The active form MMP-9, studied by zymography, increased in S-SLM and C-SLM but not in SOS and COS. MMP-9 mRNA expression was highly correlated with the gelatinolytic activity of active form MMP-9 (r = 0.85, P < 0.0001) and with the activation ratio of MMP-9 (r = 0.83, P < 0.0001). However, the active form MMP-2 was not detectable in all cases. These results suggest that overexpression of MMP-9 mRNA is one of the essential factors in the acquisition of metastatic potential in rat transplantable osteosarcomas.

4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide↗

PubMed2006

Low dentin matrix protein 1 expression correlates with skeletal metastases development in breast cancer patients and enhances cell migratory capacity in vitro.

Small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs) constitute a family of extracellular matrix proteins involved in bone homeostasis. Their pattern of expression has been primarily reported in bone and tooth and, more recently, in several cancer types. Dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), a SIBLING family member, expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in a retrospective series of 148 primary human breast cancers. Correlations between DMP1 expression levels in the tumors and clinicopathologic features, bone metastases development and relapse of the disease were examined. DMP1 was expressed by 63.5% of the breast tumors analyzed. Significant inverse associations were found between DMP1 expression levels and the size and grade of the tumors (both, P < 0.0001). High DMP1 expression levels in the primary breast lesions were associated with a lower risk of subsequent development of skeletal metastases (P = 0.009). Patients with tumors expressing high levels of DMP1 had a significantly higher disease-free survival rate than those with low DMP1-expressing tumors (P = 0.0062). When DMP1 expression was examined in breast cancer cell lines, we found that non invasive MCF-7 and T47-D cells expressed higher levels than highly invasive MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells. Moreover, the specific inhibition of DMP1 expression in MCF-7 cells using siRNAs promoted significantly their migratory capability. Our data implicate for the first time DMP1 expression in breast cancer progression and bone metastases development.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (92-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase) induced by tumour necrosis factor alpha correlates with metastatic ability in a human osteosarcoma cell line.

We have examined the correlation between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and metastatic properties of a low metastatic osteosarcoma cell line, osteosarcoma takase (OST), under stimulation by tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). In vivo, OST cells exhibited significantly increased colonization in the lungs of nude mice in a dose-dependent manner when they were treated by TNF alpha prior to injection. In vitro, TNF alpha enhanced tumour cell invasion through the reconstituted basement membrane in a transwell chamber up to 2.5-fold. Gelatin zymography and sandwich enzyme immunoassays demonstrated marked production of MMP-9 [92-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase (gelatinase B)] but not MMP-2 [72-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase (gelatinase A)], MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) or MMP-7 (matrilysin). Motility of the tumour cells and adhesion to cultured endothelial cells were slightly increased by the TNF alpha treatment up to 1.6-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, while the growth rate was decreased. These results suggest that upregulation of MMP-9 together with enhanced motility and endothelial adhesion contribute to the increased metastatic ability of OST cells induced by TNF alpha treatment.

Collagenases↗

PubMed2004

Random matrix approach to multivariate correlations: some limiting cases.

Recent advances have shown that the empirical correlation matrices of dynamical systems can be modeled as random matrices, for most part, chosen from an appropriate ensemble of the random matrix theory (RMT). In this work, we study certain limiting cases where this approach could potentially break down. Using a combination of analytical and numerical tools, we especially study the eigenvalue density and its spacing distribution. We show that the correlation matrices obtained from multivariate spatiotemporal timeseries, in a regime of spatiotemporal chaos, lead to strong deviations from RMT. We illustrate the results with time-series data drawn from coupled map lattices. We also explore the transition to the RMT regime from the limiting cases.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1996

Migration of brain tumor cells on extracellular matrix proteins in vitro correlates with tumor type and grade and involves alphaV and beta1 integrins.

An important contributor to the malignancy of brain tumors is their ability to infiltrate the brain. Extracellular matrix molecules and cell adhesion molecules on cell surfaces play key roles in cell migration. In the present study, we used reaggregates of dissociated cells from freshly excised human brain tumors to analyze the migration of cells from human brain tumors of different types and grades on many different adhesion proteins adsorbed to glass substrates. Proteins were chosen based on their presence in normal or neoplastic nervous tissue, and included the extra-cellular matrix molecules fibronectin, collagens, fibrinogen, laminin, tenascin-C, thrombospondin, and the neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule, Ng-CAM. Cells from astrocytomas (n = 24) migrated on a variety of substrates, in contrast to cells from primitive neuroectodermal tumors cells (n=6), which only migrated well on laminin, fibronectin, or type IV collagen but not on the other substrates. Typically, migrating cells from astrocytomas of all grades had long, slender processes, were usually bipolar, and their cell bodies did not spread well on any substrate. Although there was variability in the migration of cells from astrocytomas of the same grade, cells from high-grade astrocytomas tended to migrate more extensively (42.3 +/- 4.7 micrometers/16 h: n = 16) than cells from lower grade astrocytomas (28.9 +/- 3.9 micrometers/16 h; P = 0.07; n = 8); the most striking differences were observed for collagen substrates, on which cells from lower grade astrocytomas migrated at very low levels (7.6 +/- 2 .6 micrometers/16 h) and cells from high-grade astrocytomas at higher levels (24.4 +/- 5.2 micrometers;P = 0.01). In contrast to primary cells from glioblastomas (n = 13), glioblastoma cell lines (n = 10) consistently spread on various substrates and migrated at high levels (69.5 +/- 7.6 versus 46.4 +/-5.7 micrometers/16 h; P = 0.03), in particular, on collagens (108.4 +/- 20.2 versus 28.0 +/- 6.1 micrometers/16 h; P= 0.001). Specific monoclonal antibodies to alphaV and beta1 integrin monomers completely inhibited the migration of astrocytoma cells on most substrates, suggesting that alphaV and beta1 integrins play a crucial role in brain tumor infiltration. These studies also suggest that although a large number of extracellular matrix molecules may promote tumor cell migration, disrupting the function of only a few tumor cell receptors may be critical for tumor infiltration in the brain.

Antibodies↗

PubMed2004

Matrix-dependent cationization in MALDI mass spectrometry.

The matrix dependence in cationization processes, the competition between cationization and protonation and the question of whether gas-phase cation transfer or attachment of free cations dominates in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry were studied. Two different sample preparation methods were employed, the dried-droplet sample preparation and a mixture of solid matrix, analyte and salt. The latter ensures that the formation of cation adducts takes place in the gas phase. By monitoring the suppression of matrix signals for different matrices, it was found that matrices with high gas-phase metal ion binding energies require high analyte concentrations for matrix suppression to occur. By comparing the mass spectra obtained using sinapinic acid or sinapinic methyl ester as a matrix, a correlation between cationization and deprotonation of matrix molecules was found. It is also demonstrated that attachment of free gas-phase cations, rather than cation transfer from the cationized matrix, is the predominant process in cationization.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2000

Learning and generation of long-range correlated sequences

We study the capability to learn and to generate long-range, power-law correlated sequences by a fully connected asymmetric network. The focus is set on the ability of neural networks to extract statistical features from a sequence. We demonstrate that the average power-law behavior is learnable, namely, the sequence generated by the trained network obeys the same statistical behavior. The interplay between a correlated weight matrix and the sequence generated by such a network is explored. A weight matrix with a power-law correlation function along the vertical direction, gives rise to a sequence with a similar statistical behavior.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1983

Diagnosis of iron deficiency: mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) as a predictor of iron deficiency in infants.

Hematologic variables were measured in 240 apparently healthy infants ranging from 1-12 months of age attending a well baby clinic. There were 20 infants for each month of age. Hematologic parameters were measured in each infant by Coulter Counter Model S. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) and serum ferritin levels were measured in most infants. Their weights together with their serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and serum ferritin were judged to be independent variables of iron status, whereas the hematologic variables were considered to be response variables indicative of iron status. The correlation coefficients among these variables, after excluding redundant variables and transforming to logarithms, were computed. Canonical correlation analysis was applied to the matrix of correlation coefficients to yield the linear function of the independent variables most highly correlated with a linear function of the response variables. The linear function of the response variables was found to be well approximated by the logarithm of the mean corpuscular haemoglobin, which was highly correlated with each of the independent variables.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗

PubMed1998

Suppression of tumorigenicity in an aggressive cervical carcinoma induced by protein zero, a nervous system IgCAM.

In mammals, protein zero (P0), a neural IgCAM, is expressed solely in the peripheral nervous system where it mediates self-adhesion of Schwann cell membranes as compact myelin is generated. We show that when P0 is expressed in HeLa, a cervical carcinoma cell line, cells regain adhesion-mediated growth control, including the acquisition of contact inhibition and loss of anchorage-independent growth. Additionally, P0-expressing HeLa cells lose the ability to invade an artificial matrix, which correlates with decreased secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes. Lastly, and of great interest, unlike the aggressively metastatic cell line from which they were derived, P0-HeLa cells are neither tumorigenic nor metastatic when injected into athymic nude mice. By all these criteria, P0 expression appears to efficiently suppress in the long term, the transformed state of this carcinoma cell line. N-cadherin and its intracellular partners plakoglobin, alpha- and beta-catenin were significantly upregulated in the P0-HeLa cells. It appears therefore that P0 induces epithelialization and suppression of tumorigenicity in HeLa through the activation of the cadherin/catenin signaling systems. We conclude that the forced expression of bona fide adhesion molecules, such as P0, may serve as 'upstream' inducers of an essentially dormant but undamaged adhesion program in carcinoma cells that ultimately triggers the re-acquisition of normal epithelial characteristics, thereby suppressing tumorigenicity. Therapeutically, it may be that intercellular adhesion, no matter how it is induced, may serve as a single master event that is able to induce reversion of the carcinomatous state.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

[Determination of total IgE (tIgE) and specific IgE (sIgE) using the IMX and MATRIX techniques].

This study, on 185 subjects, has given evaluation of total IgE by the IMX technique in comparison with CAP PRIST, and of the MATRIX* technique for the measurement of sIgE in comparison with the reference technique of CAP RAST**, skin tests and clinical history. The two techniques of CAP and MATRIX are judged to be comparable (Correlation percentage 88.2%). The correlation of MATRIX with skin tests and clinical history is satisfactory (respectively 85.9% and 95%). The results were obtained with four allergens (D. pteronyssinus, Timothy grass, cat and dog). Separate assays confirmed the reliability of the technique.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Nitrotyrosine immunostaining correlates with increased extracellular matrix: evidence of postplacental hypoxia.

Nitrotyrosine residues (NT), an index of oxidative stress arising from peroxynitrite formation and action, are found in placental vasculature of pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE) or pregestational insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This study correlates conventional placental pathology with NT immunostaining in 20 cases of perinatal mortality (13 stillbirths and seven cases of neonatal mortality) associated with PE, IDDM, amniotic fluid infection syndrome (AFIS), or from fetal/neonatal demise not related to these conditions (congenital anomalies) (n = five/group). Patients with PE have more decidual arteriolopathy and Tenney-Parker change, while patients with IDDM and ascending infection have more villous cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia. Archival paraffin-embedded placental sections were immunostained for NT for correlation with clinical features and H&E histological findings. The intensity of immunostaining for NT varied from absent (n = 7) to 1+ (n = 5) or 2+ (n = 8). All eight placentae with 2+ staining showed increased villous extracellular matrix (ECM), compared to none of five with 1+ staining and two of seven with no staining (chi2 = 14.3, P = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of stem villi with luminal vascular abnormalities (5.7 vs 10 vs 35.7 per cent, F = 2.3, P = 0.1). Our data show that increased production of reactive oxygen species by placental tissue may be associated with increased extracellular matrix, itself produced by fibroblasts under the influence of oxygen. NT immunostaining may therefore help differentiate those cases of perinatal morbidity/mortality associated with post-placental hypoxia provided that the secondary impact of intrauterine fetal death can be excluded by future studies.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Matrix metalloproteinase-12 expression correlates with local recurrence and metastatic disease in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

PURPOSE: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a very common and aggressive malignancy. Survival after resection of tumor is especially determined by the occurrence of distant metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) support this metastatic process by degradation of the extracellular matrix. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used DNA microarray technology to examine the expression of 22 MMPs in 89 surgically treated NSCLC patients. Validation of microarray results was done using reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistology. RESULTS: MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-12 expression was significantly increased in tumors versus corresponding lung tissues. MMP-12 expression significantly correlated with local recurrence and metastatic disease. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed MMP-12 expression as an independent prognostic factor for tumor relapse-free interval. Gene expression analysis of 158 healthy tissues from 32 different organs revealed no MMP-12 expression in these organs and immunohistology identified MMP-12 protein in NSCLC only in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-12 might be not only a prognostic marker, but also a valuable therapeutic target.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations in biochemical components of extracellular matrix in intervertebral disc herniation: role of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in type II collagen loss.

Alterations in the composition of intervertebral disc extracellular matrix, mainly collagen and proteoglycans, may cause changes in mechanical properties of the disc, leading to dysfunction, nerve root compression, and herniation with severe clinical manifestations. Matrix metalloproteinases may be involved in degradation by hydrolysing extracellular matrix components. Inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, in contrast, function in the maintenance of degradation control. In this study, we investigated: (i) whether the level of matrix degradation correlated with the duration of the symptomatic disease, (ii) roles of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) in intervertebral disc degeneration. Nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs were obtained from 22 patients and analysed for collagen and proteoglycan contents, and pro-MMP-2, TIMP-2 levels. Collagen content was determined as hydroxyproline and proteoglycan content was measured as glycosaminoglycans. The loss in matrix components did not correlate with the duration of the degenerative disc disease. Pro-MMP-2 levels were higher at early stages of the degenerative disc disease (r = -0.495, P < 0.05). TIMP-2 levels were similar in all samples. Pro-MMP-2 and TIMP-2 levels negatively correlated in herniated discs samples (r = -0.855, P < 0.01). Pro- MMP-2 levels negatively correlated with the collagen content in herniated disc material. Our findings may suggest a silent period of active disease prior to symptomatic outcome during which irreversible matrix loss occurs. Involvement of other proteolytic enzymes at different stages of the disease should also be investigated to help to control the degradation cascade at relatively early stages of disc degeneration before the clinical onset of disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression correlates with morphological and immunohistochemical epithelial characteristics in synovial sarcoma.

AIMS: Synovial sarcoma is a unique mesenchymal tumour characterized by the presence of epithelial differentiation, although the mechanism involved in the epithelial morphology is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the function of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in synovial sarcoma, in order to assess whether MMP-2 expression plays an important role in epithelial differentiation, or whether it contributes to a poor clinical outcome. METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunohistochemical stainings for MMP-2, cytokeratins (CKs) 7, 8, 18 and 19, and E-cadherin were performed for 58 (44 monophasic and 14 biphasic) cases of synovial sarcoma, and we compared the expression of these proteins with the histological and clinical findings. MMP-2 and E-cadherin expression was observed in 43 cases (74.1%) and in 18 cases (31.0%), respectively. Expression of these proteins was preferentially observed in the glandular components of biphasic tumours or the epithelioid areas of monophasic tumours. Statistically significant correlations were recognized between MMP-2 expression and E-cadherin expression of biphasic subtype. Moreover, there were statistically significant correlations between monophasic tumours with epithelioid areas and MMP-2 expression or E-cadherin expression. MMP-2 expression was correlated with epithelial differentiation as assessed by CK immunoreactivity. The expression of MMP-2 did not affect the overall survival rate in synovial sarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: MMP-2 expression seemed to have an important role to play in the epithelial differentiation of tumour cells in synovial sarcoma, through remodelling of the extracellular matrix and by changing the cytoskeletal interaction between the extracellular matrix and tumour cells.

Cadherins↗

PubMed1994

Correlations among scores on the Matrix Analogies Test--Short Form and the WISC--R with gifted youth.

A study of the correlations between scores on the Matrix Analogies Test--Short Form and the WISC--R was conducted with 39 students enrolled in a Saturday program for the intellectually gifted. The Matrix Analogies Test was group-administered and WISC--R scores were obtained from records required for entry into the program. A significant Pearson r of .52 was found between the Matrix Analogies scores and the Performance IQs of the WISC--R; other correlations were not significant.

Child↗