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Results for “multimodal integration”

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PubMed1996

The "Gulf War syndrome". Is there evidence of dysfunction in the nervous system?

In a pilot study, 14 Gulf War veterans were randomly selected from a large list of those with unexplained illness, to compare the functional integrity of the peripheral and central nervous system with a group of 13 healthy civilian control subjects using predetermined outcome measures. The controls were matched closely for age, sex, handedness, and physical activity. Outcome measures included scoring of symptoms and clinical neurological signs, quantitative sensory testing of heat, cold and vibration sensibilities, motor and sensory nerve conduction studies on upper and lower limbs, needle EMG of distal and proximal muscles and multimodality evoked potential (visual, brainstem, and somatosensory) studies. Three measurements, all related to peripheral nerve function (cold threshold (P = 0.0002), sural nerve latency (P = 0.034), and median nerve sensory action potential (P = 0.030) were abnormal in the veterans compared with the controls. There may be a dysfunction in the veterans but more studies are required to investigate the findings further and to characterise the dysfunction if confirmed.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Solution of mode coupling in step-index optical fibers by the Fokker-Planck equation and the Langevin equation.

The power-flow equation is approximated by the Fokker-Planck equation that is further transformed into a stochastic differential (Langevin) equation, resulting in an efficient method for the estimation of the state of mode coupling along step-index optical fibers caused by their intrinsic perturbation effects. The inherently stochastic nature of these effects is thus fully recognized mathematically. The numerical integration is based on the computer-simulated Langevin force. The solution matches the solution of the power-flow equation reported previously. Conceptually important steps of this work include (i) the expression of the power-flow equation in a form of the diffusion equation that is known to represent the solution of the stochastic differential equation describing processes with random perturbations and (ii) the recognition that mode coupling in multimode optical fibers is caused by random perturbations.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

The multimodal world of medical monitoring displays.

A vision of the future of intraoperative monitoring for anesthesia is presented-a multimodal world based on advanced sensing capabilities. I explore progress towards this vision, outlining the general nature of the anesthetist's monitoring task and the dangers of attentional capture. Research in attention indicates different kinds of attentional control, such as endogenous and exogenous orienting, which are critical to how awareness of patient state is maintained, but which may work differently across different modalities. Four kinds of medical monitoring displays are surveyed: (1) integrated visual displays, (2) head-mounted displays, (3) advanced auditory displays and (4) auditory alarms. Achievements and challenges in each area are outlined. In future research, we should focus more clearly on identifying anesthetists' information needs and we should develop models of attention in different modalities and across different modalities that are more capable of guiding design.

Anesthesia, General↗

PubMed2006

Electron-phonon interactions and Jahn-Teller effects in the monocation of corannulene.

Electron-phonon interactions in the monocation of corannulene are studied by using the hybrid Hartree-Fock (HF)/density-functional-theory (DFT) method in the Gaussian 98 program package. The C-C stretching mode of 1498 cm(-1) most strongly couples to the e1 highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) in corannulene. The total electron-phonon coupling constant for the monocation (l(HOMO)) of corannulene is estimated to be 0.165 eV. The l(HOMO) value for corannulene is much larger than those for coronene and acenes with similar numbers of carbon atoms. The delocalized electronic structures and the intermediate characteristics between the strong sigma-orbital interactions and weak pi-orbital interactions originating from a bowl-shaped C(5v) geometry are the main reason that the l(HOMO) value for corannulene is much larger than those for planar D(6h) symmetric pi-conjugated coronene and D(2h) symmetric pi-conjugated acenes with similar numbers of carbon atoms. The electron transfer in the positively charged corannulene is also discussed. Intramolecular electron mobility (sigma(intra,monocation)) in the positively charged corannulene is estimated to be smaller than those for the positively charged pi-conjugated acenes and coronene. The reorganization energy for the positively charged corannulene (0.060 eV) is estimated to be larger than those for the positively charged acenes and coronene. The strong orbital interactions between two neighboring carbon atoms in the HOMO of corannulene with the bowl-shaped structure are the main reasons for the calculated results. Thus, the larger overlap integral between two neighboring molecules is needed for the positively charged corannulene to become a better conductor than those for positively charged coronene and acenes. The smaller density of states at the Fermi level n(0) values are enough for the conditions of the attractive electron-electron interactions to be realized in the monocation of corannulene than in the monocations of coronene and acenes with similar numbers of carbon atoms. The multimode problem is also treated in order to investigate how consideration of the multimode problem is closely related to the characteristics of the electron-phonon interactions.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Digit span changes from puberty to old age under different levels of education.

The goal of this study is to demonstrate the age-related changes in multimodality digit span under a research design in which level of education is controlled. Volunteer participants (n = 1183) were distributed over levels of age (13-98 years) and education (5-8, 9-11, and 12+ years). Digit span was measured through 11 scores of the Visual Aural Digit Span Test-Revised on aural or visual stimulation and oral or written response execution, thus allowing for the measurement of intra- and intersensory integration. The increase in digit span scores reversed to a decrease with early adulthood. The slope of the regression line was small but significant. A 4 x 3 x 2 multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant effect of age and education on a combined score comprising the 11 digit span scores. Differences of age and education were predicted by the auditory and visual input scores. The article discusses the cognitive correlates and the age-related changes in digit span from the biological standpoint.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2026

GICPIdb: an archival repository of multimodal data focusing on pathological images for gastrointestinal cancers.

INTRODUCTION: Deep learning (DL) shows great potential for predicting biomarkers from routine histopathological slides of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Yet most existing models are validated on limited patient cohorts, while pathological image annotation and molecular marker standardization demand substantial professional expertise. To address these gaps, we constructed the Gastrointestinal Cancer Pathological Image Archive (GICPIdb, gicpidb.shubuzuo.top), a dedicated database and web platform covering seven major GI cancer types. METHODS: High-quality hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained whole-slide images were collected from multiple sources and uniformly processed. Image annotations were performed by board-certified pathologists following standardized protocols. GICPIdb offers five interactive web modules for data uploading, quality control, feature extraction, online annotation and AI-based prediction. Its intuitive interface supports data browsing, retrieval, visualization and downloading. RESULTS: The database houses 2,863 pathologist-annotated, uniformly processed, high-quality H&E stained images collected from 2,655 patients. Of these, 1,699 patients were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), 182 from the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and 424 from China-Japan Friendship Hospital and 350 from Chifeng Municipal Hospital in Inner Mongolia, China. It also integrates data on over 50 key molecular markers (e.g., MSI, TMB) and prognostic labels related to survival, recurrence and metastasis. DISCUSSION: GICPIdb aims to promote the development of DL-driven AI tools for cancer research and clinical translation. The multi-institutional data collection and standardized annotation pipeline are expected to enhance the generalizability and reproducibility of AI-based prediction models across diverse patient populations.

deep learning↗

PubMed1986

A multimodal system for reconstruction and quantification of neurologic structures.

The utility of computers and computer graphics as aids in the study of nervous system architecture is growing. However, modern histologic, immunocytologic and biochemical methods for revealing the underlying microarchitecture and macroarchitecture of the nervous system yield data formats requiring disparate computer acquisition, analysis and display approaches, capable of spanning many orders of magnitude of scale. This paper describes the Image Graphics Laboratory data acquisition, processing and display system, whose various components and programs may be used singly or in concert to enable definition of various tissue properties at different levels of resolution and integration. Examples are given of the system's use in light microscopic two-dimensional and three-dimensional reconstructions, autoradiographic reconstructions, reconstructions from projected images, reconstructions of impregnated cells (e.g., whole neurons) and peripheral nerve image analysis.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Principles of reconstructive surgery for the tumor patient.

Small animal oncologic surgery is a relatively new and rapidly expanding field of veterinary science. Many exciting and innovative techniques for surgical resection of invasive tumors have been developed and published in the last decade. Paralleling these developments have been major advancements in the frontiers of reconstructive options to close the defects after major ablative surgery. A more thorough understanding of the biologic behavior of tumors in our patients has permitted us to rationally approach selected patients with high doses of surgery with curative intent, palliation, or as part of a multimodality treatment plan. Invasive oncologic procedures require thorough preoperative planning and staging to accomplish the goal of tumor-free margins. Patient factors, specifically tumor type, grade, anatomic location, and extent of local invasion, will subsequently dictate the appropriate resection and reconstructive options available. Resection of the tumor with a wide margin of normal tissue is the surgeon's primary objective. The reconstructive phase of the surgery endeavors to restore functional and cosmetic integrity to the regional anatomy. Each resection and reconstruction procedure must be customized for the patient's disease. Thoughtful preoperative planning, timing, and intraoperative flexibility to unforeseen circumstances will minimize complications. Armed with a number of reconstructive options for each case, the surgeon develops intraoperative flexibility and latitude to be more aggressive during the primary resection. If the surgeon self-imposes limitations on the aggressive removal of the primary tumor by virtue of tissue closure concerns, the completeness of resection and patient survival may well be jeopardized. As familiarity and experience with different reconstructive options increases, the surgeon will have greater confidence in removing large volumes of diseased tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Voxel-based analysis of confounding effects of age and dementia severity on cerebral metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by early hippocampal lesions, but neuropathological and functional imaging studies have also demonstrated involvement of associative cortices in patients suffering from this illness. New image-processing technologies have led to demonstration of predominant posteromedial cortical metabolic impairment in the disease. Confounding effects of both age and dementia severity on brain metabolism were assessed using categorical and correlational analyses performed with Statistical Parametric Mapping. Posterior cingulate and precuneus metabolism, assessed by positron emission tomography, was significantly correlated with age in a population of 46 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Metabolism in posterior cingulate and precuneus was higher in elderly than in younger patients with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, even when dementia severity was taken as a confounding covariate. The data suggest that the sensitivity of positron emission tomography for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is reduced in elderly cases, where less severe pathology is sufficient to induce clinical symptoms of dementia. Conversely, higher posteromedial metabolic impairment in early onset cases may reflect greater density of regional cerebral lesions or major decrease of functional afferences in a richly connected multimodal associative area. Posterior cingulate metabolism was also correlated to dementia severity, even when age was taken as a confounding covariate, whereas metabolism in the hippocampal formation was not shown to correlate with global cognitive deficit. Functional correlation was maintained between posterior cingulate and middle frontal cortex in demented patients as in elderly controls. The key role of posteromedial cortex in cognitive dysfunction assessed in Alzheimer's disease is probably related to its highly integrated position within attentional, visuospatial and memory neuronal networks.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2005

From genes to brain oscillations: is the visual pathway the epigenetic clue to schizophrenia?

Molecular data and gene expression data and recently mitochondrial genes and possible epigenetic regulation by non-coding genes is revolutionizing our views on schizophrenia. Genes and epigenetic mechanisms are triggered by cell-cell interaction and by external stimuli. A number of recent clinical and molecular observations indicate that epigenetic factors may be operational in the origin of the illness. Based on the molecular insights, gene expression profiles and epigenetic regulation of gene, we went back to the neurophysiology (brain oscillations) and found a putative role of the visual experiences (i.e. visual stimuli) as epigenetic factor. The functional evidences provided here, establish a direct link between the striate and extrastriate unimodal visual cortex and the neurobiology of the schizophrenia. This result support the hypothesis that 'visual experience' has a potential role as epigenetic factor and contribute to trigger and/or to maintain the progression of the schizophrenia. In this case, candidate genes sensible for the visual 'insult' may be located within the visual cortex including associative areas, while the integrity of the visual pathway before reaching the primary visual cortex is preserved. The same effect can be perceived if target genes are localised within the visual pathway, which actually, is more sensitive for 'insult' during the early life than the cortex per se. If this process affects gene expression at these sites a stably sensory specific 'insult', i.e. distorted visual information, is entering the visual system and expanded to fronto-temporo-parietal multimodal areas even from early maturation periods. The difference in the timing of postnatal neuroanatomical events between such areas and the primary visual cortex in humans (with the formers reaching the same development landmarks later in life than the latter) is 'optimal' to establish an abnormal 'cell- communication' mediated by the visual system that may further interfere with the local physiology. In this context the strategy to search target genes need to be rearrangement and redirected to visual-related genes. Otherwise, psychophysics studies combining functional neuroimage, and electrophysiology are strongly recommended, for the search of epigenetic clues that will allow to carrier gene association studies in schizophrenia.

Epigenesis, Genetic↗

PubMed1994

Combined modality treatment for carcinomas of the uterine cervix and vulva.

Several attempts have been made during the preceding year to apply multimodality approaches to the treatment of carcinomas of the uterine cervix and the vulva. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may render more cervical tumors resectable, but it does not necessarily improve curability when compared with similarly staged patients treated with definitive pelvic irradiation alone. Neither concurrent chemoradiotherapy nor adjuvant chemotherapy following hysterectomy have been shown to be superior to definitive radiotherapy in prospective randomized trials of cervical cancer patients. Exciting data continue to be reported for the integration of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and conservative surgery in the management of vulvar cancer. Such initiatives are contingent on the close cooperation of oncologists during the design and implementation of prospective trials.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1992

Multimodality imaging and intracranial EEG display for stereotactic surgery planning in epilepsy.

We describe a computer program for stereotactic surgery planning based on multimodality imaging and the display of intracranial EEG data in relation to anatomical data. The program is primarily designed to be used by surgeons to assist them in localizing brain structures and plan the safe and accurate insertion of surgical tools and depth electrodes. The mathematics underlying these concepts are briefly described. Estimates of the accuracy of the procedures are calculated and made available to the user. An extension of the program was developed to integrate intracranial EEG data with conventional images in order to help the neurologist and neurosurgeon in visualizing the EEG data in relation to the anatomy. It can be used to visualize the measured EEG voltages, or processed signals such as the application of the tetrahedral field calculation, which provides an extension of conventional bipolar EEG to 3 dimensions.

Brain↗

PubMed1999

Firing properties of chopper and delay neurons in the lateral superior olive of the rat.

Neurons in the lateral superior olivary nucleus (LSO) respond to acoustic stimuli with the "chopper response", a regular repetitive firing pattern with a short and precise latency. In the past, this pattern has been attributed to dendritic integration of synaptic inputs. We investigated a possible contribution of intrinsic membrane properties using intracellular recording techniques in a tissue slice preparation. We found two electrophysiological classes of neurons in the LSO. Chopper neurons responded to depolarizing current pulses with a single onset spike at short, precise latency close to threshold and with repetitive, regular, but accommodating discharges at greater current intensities. An emphasis of response onset and subsequent rate accommodation resulted from the activation of a voltage- and time-dependent sustained outward rectification in a range depolarized from rest. Responses to hyperpolarizing pulses were characterized by an inward rectification, which caused a depolarizing voltage sag in a range negative to -65 mV. Peristimulus time histograms were multimodal, and discharge regularity was evident in narrow unimodal interspike interval time histograms and low coefficients of variation. The accommodation time course was usually fit best by two exponentials with time constants of tau1=3-8 ms and tau2=32-97 ms. Delay neurons responded with a regular repetitive firing to depolarization by current pulses. However, repetitive spike discharge occurred with a prolonged, variable delay of 25-180 ms. High current intensities evoked an additional onset spike with short, precise latency. Activation of a transient outward conductance in the depolarized voltage range caused an early repolarization, which terminated as a depolarizing ramp, reaching spike threshold after the delay. Flat peristimulus time histograms characterized the repetitive discharge in spite of narrow unimodal interspike interval time histograms and low coefficients of variation. Intracellular neurobiotin injections revealed morphological differences between these classes. Chopper neurons were large and fusiform, with a bipolar dendritic distribution oriented perpendicular to the curvature of the LSO. Delay neurons were small and spherical, with highly branched tortuous dendritic arbours of bipolar origin and variable orientation. Chopper and delay neurons are probably LSO principal cells and lateral olivocochlear efferent neurons, respectively. Our findings suggest that the pattern of firing activity of LSO neurons to sound, in vivo, is determined to a large extent by intrinsic membrane properties. Somato-dendritic integration of synaptic inputs are fundamental to the encoding of interaural sound differences, but membrane non-linearities play an important role in determining postsynaptic response patterns.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2006

Advanced approach for intraoperative MRI guidance and potential benefit for neurosurgical applications.

PURPOSE: To present an advanced approach for intraoperative image guidance in an open 0.5 T MRI and to evaluate its effectiveness for neurosurgical interventions by comparison with a dynamic scan-guided localization technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The built-in scan guidance mode relied on successive interactive MRI scans. The additional advanced mode provided real-time navigation based on reformatted high-quality, intraoperatively acquired MR reference data, allowed multimodal image fusion, and used the successive scans of the built-in mode for quick verification of the position only. Analysis involved tumor resections and biopsies in either scan guidance (N = 36) or advanced mode (N = 59) by the same three neurosurgeons. Technical, surgical, and workflow aspects were compared. RESULTS: The image quality and hand-eye coordination of the advanced approach were improved. While the average extent of resection, neurologic outcome after functional MRI (fMRI) integration, and diagnostic yield appeared to be slightly better under advanced guidance, particularly for the main surgeon, statistical analysis revealed no significant differences. Resection times were comparable, while biopsies took around 30 minutes longer. CONCLUSION: The presented approach is safe and provides more detailed images and higher navigation speed at the expense of actuality. The surgical outcome achieved with advanced guidance is (at least) as good as that obtained with dynamic scan guidance.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Electron-phonon interactions in the monocations of polyacetylenes.

Electron-phonon interactions in the monocations of trans-polyacetylenes such as C2H4 (2tpa), C4H6 (2tpa), C6H8 (6tpa), and C8H10 (8tpa) are studied. The C-C stretching Ag modes around 1700 cm(-1) afford the largest electron-phonon coupling constants in the monocations of polyacetylenes. However, the C-C bending Ag modes around 1200 cm(-1) afford much smaller electron-phonon coupling constants than the C-C stretching Ag modes around 1700 cm(-1) in the monocations of polyacetylenes. The total electron-phonon coupling constants for the monocations (l HOMO) are estimated to be 0.357, 0.285, 0.281, and 0.279 eV for 2tpa, 4tpa, 6tpa, and 8tpa, respectively. The l HOMO values for polyacetylenes with C 2h geometry hardly change with an increase in molecular size while those for polyacenes with D 2h geometry significantly decrease with an increase in molecular size. The l HOMO values for polyacetylenes are larger than those for polyacenes. The calculated results are rationalized in terms of the phase patterns of the molecular orbitals in detail. The electron transfer in the positively charged polyacetylenes is also discussed. Intramolecular electron mobility (sigma(intra,monocation)) in the positively charged polyacetylenes is estimated to be smaller than those for the positively charged polyacenes. The reorganization energies for the positively charged polyacetylenes are estimated to be larger than those for the positively charged polyacenes. Thus, the larger overlap integrals between two neighboring molecules are needed for the positively charged polyacetylenes to become good conductor than those for positively charged polyacenes. On the other hand, the conditions under which the electron-electron interactions are attractive are more easily realized in the monocations of polyacetylenes than in the monocations of polyacenes. The quality as conducting materials would not significantly depend on the molecular size in the positively charged polyacetylenes, compared with that in the positively charged polyacenes. Multimode problem is also treated in order to investigate how consideration of multimode problem is closely related to the characteristics of the electron-phonon interactions.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

Mushroom bodies of the cockroach: their participation in place memory.

Insects and other arthropods use visual landmarks to remember the location of their nest, or its equivalent. However, so far, only olfactory learning and memory have been claimed to be mediated by any particular brain region, notably the mushroom bodies. Here we describe the results of experiments that demonstrate that the mushroom bodies of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana), already shown to be involved in multimodal sensory processing, play a crucial role in place memory. Behavioral tests, based on paradigms similar to those originally used to demonstrate place memory in rats, demonstrate a rapid improvement in the ability of individual cockroaches to locate a hidden target when its position is provided by distant visual cues. Bilateral lesions of selected areas of the mushroom bodies abolish this ability but leave unimpaired the ability to locate a visible target. The present results demonstrate that the integrity of the pedunculus and medial lobe of a single mushroom body is required for place memory. The results are comparable to the results obtained from hippocampal lesions in rats and are relevant to recent studies on the effects of ablations of Drosophila mushroom bodies on locomotion.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

International Conference on Translational Research ICTR 2003 Conference Summary: marshalling resources in a complex time.

The knowledge, tools, and environment for the practice of radiation oncology are changing rapidly. The National Cancer Institute has articulated the need for a balanced portfolio, including the interrelated components of discovery, development, and delivery. Underpinning practice is the emerging knowledge from molecular, cellular, and tumor biology that is the engine of discovery. The use of high-throughput technologies to analyze biochemical and molecular profiles will ultimately enable the individualization of cancer treatment requiring the appropriate integration of radiation with a range of systemic therapies, including chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and immunotherapy. Technological advances in treatment delivery using photons, brachytherapy, particle therapy, radioisotopes, and other forms of energy require an improved ability to localize the tumor and critical subregions and to ensure necessary tissue immobilization and/or real-time target adjustment. Functional imaging is helping to define tumor characteristics and response to treatment. The development of appropriate radiation oncology treatment requires a wide range of expertise, a multimodality approach, and multi-institutional collaboration to provide improved and cost-effective outcome. The delivery of appropriate cancer care to those who need it requires biology and technology but also reaching the underserved populations worldwide. ICTR 2003 demonstrated substantial progress in translational radiation oncology. Faced with financial constraints for research and patient care, the broad field of radiation oncology must continually examine and balance its research and development portfolio and invest in its future leaders to enable it be an important contributor to the future of cancer care.

Biology↗

PubMed1997

[Chemotherapy of head and neck carcinomas].

In most cases head and neck tumors manifest themselves on a local-regional level giving rise to highly mutilating pathologies with psycho-social repercussions. Surgery and radiotherapy are effective treatments for limited neoplasms (stage I-II). On the other hand, after surgery and/or radiotherapy, the treatment of locally advanced tumors (stage III-IV) or local recurrences and/or distant metastases is still problematic. For this reason chemotherapy, initially used only as a palliative, is today associated with other treatments to achieve better results both in terms of survival and disease-free time spans. Hence chemotherapy must be considered part of any multimodal primary treatment for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. In fact, numerous clinical studies have clearly demonstrated that adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy has a highly relative affect on survival in locally advanced diseases and that the incidence of distant metastases is reduced. This is not, however, followed by a similar reduction in local recurrences which are often the cause of death in such patients. It would, on the other hand, appear that survival is improved with integrated radio-chemotherapy. Immunochemotherapy, which has not as yet provided significant clinical results in cases of advanced tumors and/or metastases, must still be evaluated in the treatment of locally limited neoplasms. Organ preservation, which proves feasible in the larynx, leads one to hope it can be applied in other head and neck sites. The future balance leans in favor of the multidisciplinary approach and multi-center studies must be performed so that an adequate number of cases can be gathered over a brief period. This will make it possible to answer those questions and, at times, illusions which accompany chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck tumors.

Adult↗