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At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Studies on localization of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the thyroid-parathyroid complex.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was localized by an immunocytochemical technique in the thyroid-parathyroid complexes of rat, guinea pig, rabbit, and in normal human thyroids and parathyroids. Human medullary carcinomas and parathyroid adenomas were also studied. In man and all animal species examined CGRP was present in the parafollicular cell, however, in guinea pigs only in small amounts. Except in rabbits, presence of CGRP was demonstrated in nerves of the thyroid and parathyroid capsule as well as in the nerve fibers of the capsular blood vessels. In the thyroid of guinea pigs CGRP was also noted in nerve fibers and in blood vessel walls between follicles. CGRP was also present in the parathyroid glands of rat and man, in nerve fibers localized between parathyroid cells. In rabbit the parafollicular cells between parathyroid cells also expressed CGRP immunoreactivity. No CGRP was noted in the parathyroids of the guinea pig. The proximity of parathyroid cells and CGRP containing tissue structures suggests a role for CGRP in the modulation of parathyroid hormone secretion. The importance of these regulatory mechanisms appear to be different in individual species.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Diagnosis and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism].

OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of hyperparathyroidism. METHOD: 37 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) were confirmed pathologically. The course of the disease varied, the longest one being 14 years and the shortest one 3 months. RESULT: 35 patients had parathyroid adenoma, 1 hyperplasia of parathyroid, and 1 carcinoma of parathyroid. The main clinical manifestation was symmetrical pain of the supporting bones and joints, hypercalcemia, hypercalcinuria, hypophosphatemia, hyper-alkaline phosphatasemia, and increase of iPTH in peripheral blood. X-ray examination showed osteoporosis and decalcification, accompanied with multiple fracture occasionally, we injected (99m)Tc and MiBi into inferior thyroid artery as a demonstration for the diagnosis of tumor of parathyroid. CONCLUSION: The key procedure of the operation was to search for tumor of parathyroid. We used thymus-thyroid ligament as guide and injected methylene blue into the artery during operation to search thyroid.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The coexistence of parathyroid adenoma and thyroid carcinoma.

Not well-known and inadequately understood is the high incidence of conexistent parathyroid adenoma and nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. In a series of 144 patients with parathyroid adenoma, 11 (8%) were found to have concurrent thyroid carcinoma. Although similar to other multiple endocrine tumor syndromes, these two tumors have no common embryologic cell origin. The most likely explanation for this apparent relationship is the specific oncogenic effect of hypercalcemia on the thyroid gland.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Autotransplantation of parathyroid glands in thyroid carcinoma surgery and their postoperative function].

Total removal and subsequent autotransplantation of parathyroid glands were carried out in operations for thyroid carcinoma in 25 cases. For the purpose of fine dissection of paratracheal lymph nodes, before thyroidectomy more than 2 parathyroid glands were found and transplanted into greater pectoralis muscle. The patients who underwent surgery were studied for more than one year following operation to determine the short term and long term outcomes of the procedure. None of the patients received prophylactic calcium supplement therapy except for hypocalcemic symptoms. In thirteen patients, the parathyroid function was almost completely restored within 3 weeks without any postoperative substitution therapy, with an obvious surge in the plasma PTH level on 5P.O.D. The serum Ca level started to elevate on 7P.O.D. and recovered to 97.4% of the preoperative value 3 weeks after transplantation. As for the 12 patients who exhibited hypocalcemic symptoms, Ca lactate and hydroxycholecalciferol were administered for only 24.7 and 17.0 days, respectively. Serum levels of Ca and P, as well as the index of bone mineral content, were all within the extremely excellent range even one year after operation. None of the patients was on a substitution regimen. These results suggest that autotransplantation is a valuable alternative for the preservation of the parathyroid function in operations for thyroid carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Parathyroid hormonelike protein from human renal carcinoma cells. Structural and functional homology with parathyroid hormone.

A variety of solid tumors secrete proteins that are immunochemically distinct from parathyroid hormone (PTH) but activate PTH-responsive adenylate cyclase. Such PTH-like proteins have been proposed as mediators of the hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia frequently associated with malignancies. We purified to apparent homogeneity a PTH-like protein with a molecular weight of 6,000, that is produced by human renal carcinoma cells. The amino-terminal sequence of the PTH-like protein and that of human PTH were found to display at least five identities in the first 13 positions. The purified protein bound to PTH receptors, activated adenylate cyclase in renal plasma membranes, and stimulated cAMP formation in rat osteosarcoma cells. The PTH-like protein reproduced two additional effects of PTH, stimulation of bone resorption in fetal rat limb bone cultures and inhibition of phosphate uptake in cultured opossum kidney cells. These properties are consistent with a role for PTH-like proteins as mediators of the syndrome of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1997

Significance of AgNOR counts for distinguishing carcinoma from adenoma and hyperplasia in parathyroid gland.

Nucleolar organizer region proteins, which can be stained and visualized by an argyrophil technique (AgNORs), are markers of cell activities, such as DNA transcription and proliferation, and they are useful for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors. We counted both AgNOR numbers in 25 parathyroid lesions (three carcinomas, 11 adenomas, 10 hyperplasias, and one hyperplasia with carcinoma) to determine if the AgNOR number could be useful as a diagnostic aid in parathyroid neoplasms and hyperplasias, because it is often difficult to histopathologically distinguish among these lesions. The AgNOR numbers were significantly higher in carcinomas (3.18 +/- 0.05) than in adenomas (1.67 +/- 0.30, P < .001) or hyperplasias (1.85 +/- 0.16, P < .001), but there was no significant difference between adenomas and hyperplasias. These results suggest that AgNORs may be useful as an adjunct to discriminating carcinomas from adenomas or hyperplasias in the parathyroid gland.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2002

Parathyroid gland involvement by papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the phenomenon of parathyroid gland involvement by thyroid carcinoma and to explore its clinicopathologic significance. DESIGN: We reviewed the clinicopathologic features and described the histopathologic characteristics of 20 cases of parathyroid involvement found in a series of 911 papillary thyroid carcinomas. RESULTS: Parathyroid involvement occurred in 3 patterns: (1) direct invasion from the main tumor with an infiltrative growth, (2) invasion of the parathyroid gland with an expansive growth and formation of a pseudocapsule between the carcinoma and the parathyroid gland, and (3) metastatic deposition within the parathyroid gland itself. Among the 20 cases, 6 (30%) had primary tumors measuring 1 cm or less, and 14 (70%) had primary tumors measuring more than 1 cm. The cases with smaller primary tumors had a comparatively lower rate of nodal metastasis (50% vs 100%, P =.02). Furthermore, none of the cases with smaller primary tumors had invasion of extrathyroid structures other than parathyroid gland, but such invasion was common among the cases with larger primary tumors (0% vs 71%, P =.01). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that parathyroid involvement occurs in papillary thyroid carcinomas even in the early stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Management of parathyroid glands in surgery for medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Of 13 patients treated surgically for familial medullary thyroid carcinoma in whom parathyroid tissue was availabe, the majority showed parathyroid abnormalities (hyperplasia in sis, tumors in five). Two patients had had renal calculi. No correlation was evident between the presence of the parathyroid tumors and peripheral blood levels of parathyroid hormone. Hyperparathyroidism is usually mild, but occasionally it results in complications of hypercalcemia. Hyperparathyroidism has not appeared to date following removal of medullary thyroid carcinoma associated with normal-sized but microscopically hyperplastic parathyroids. Evidence of parathyroid abnormalities has not been recognized in eight patients with sporadic medullary carcinoma, making genetic factors dominant in explaining the association of parathyroid hyperplasia and this carcinoma. At operation, parathyroid glands should be evaluated and those that are grossly enlarged removed while preserving parathyroid function.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Primary hyperparathyroidism in a referral hospital.

A series of 46 patients had a tissue diagnosis of primary hyperparthyrodism. Forty (88%) had a single adenoma, one had multiple adenomas; four exhibited parathyroid hyperplasia and one had carcinoma of the parathyroid. The incidence establishing the diagnosis has increased in recent years because of routine multichemistry screening for calcium. The most reliable "diagnostic" laboratory finding was an elevated serum calcium: 96 per cent of our patients had serum calcium above the upper limit of normal. Forty-one patients had lesions removed; parathyroid carcinoma (1), hyperplasia (3), and adenomas (37). Only two patients have presistent disease postoperatively: one with hyperplasia who apparently had an inadequate resection of her involved glands and one who had biopsy of an adenoma without further surgical management.

Adolescent↗