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PubMed2006

[The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in schoolchildren and affecting factors].

This study was carried out in order to determine the factors affecting the presence of Enterobius vermicularis in schoolchildren. This investigation was a cross-sectional and analytic study. The dependent variable was the presence of parasites and the independent variables were the characteristics of the children, families, houses, toilets and drinking water. A stool specimen was taken in the morning using the cellophane tape method, and examined the same day by microscopy. Data were evaluated using the Chi square test and logistic regression analysis and p < 0.05 was accepted as being statistically significant. There were 529 students in the kindergarten and 1-5 classes in the Isikkent and Sait Guzelcan primary schools in the region of the Isikkent Health Center in Izmir. However specimens could only be obtained from 477 (90.2%) students. The mean age of children was 8.6+/-2.0 years. The number of residents in their homes averaged 5.4+/-2.0, the average number of children in the homes was 3.2+/-1.9 and 290 (60.8%) houses were single dwellings. The source for piped water in 404 houses (84.7%) was the city network, and there were modern sanitary facilities (toilets) in 377 (70.6%) houses. Enterobius vermicularis was found in 209 (43.8%) children. According to logistic regression analyses, the rate of Enterobius vermicularis was found to be 3.05 times higher in students from the Sait Guzelcan primary school, if there were more than 6 residents in the home 2.05 times even higher and 2.02 times still higher if there were no sanitary facilities at his/her home. When there was a history of parasites in the family, the risk was significantly decreased. The prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in schoolchildren was higher in slum areas, in crowded homes and in those that lacked modern sanitary facilities.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Analysis of anti-echinococcus antibodies in garbage men in Malatya.].

It has been reported that some occupation groups constitute a higher risk group with regard to hydatid cyst disease. Municipal garbage men also are under this risk especially in those places where untamed dogs are abundant. The aim of this study was to analyze the anti-Echinococcus antibodies in garbage men in Malatya who are regarded as high risk-group with regard to hydatid cysts. Two hundred and forty serum specimens were collected and were later analyzed with the manual indirect hemagglutination technique (IHAT) and indirect immunofluorescent technique (IFAT). Of these sera 17 (7.08%) were found to be seropositive. Garbage men who were found to be seropositive were examined for intestinal parasites using the cellophane type technique, native Lugol and sedimentation methods. It was found that the group members giving seropositive results were free of parasites such as Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana which may lead to cross reaction with Echinococcus granulosus. The garbage men were informed about the results of the examination and were oriented for further examinations. The seropositive rate of 7.08% found in this study is supports the view that the garbage men should be regarded as a risk group. In order to inform all garbage men about means of protection, training seminar were organized.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2005

[Distribution of intestinal parasites among patients who presented at the Department of Parasitology of the Erciyes University Medical School.].

In this study carried out from 2000-2004, a total of 34,883 stool samples were examined using native-Lugol and flotation/sedimentation methods and 9,879 cellophane tape preparations were examined directly. Intestinal parasites were found in 9,704 (27.8%) of the specimens. The parasites that were found and their prevalence is as follows: Blastocystis hominis, 6,723 (19.3%); Entamoeba coli, 1,007 (2.9%); Giardia intestinalis, 892 (2.6%); Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, 798 (2.3%); Endolimax nana, 486 (1.4%); Entamoeba hartmanni, 252 (0.7%); Enterobius vermicularis, 242 (0.7%); Iodamoeba bütschlii, 109 (0.3%); Taenia saginata, 92 (0.3%); Chilomastix mesnili, 67 (0.2%); Ascaris lumbricoides, 55 (0.2%); and Hymenolepis nana, 40 (0.1%).

English Abstract↗

PubMed2005

[Evaluation of the distribution of intestinal parasites in the Uludag University Medical Faculty during a period of eight years.].

The purpose of the present study was to investigate retrospectively the distribution and prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients who presented at the routine parasitology laboratory of the Uludag University Medical Faculty, Bursa, during the 8 years from January 1993-December 2000. A total of 32,346 stool specimens were examined for intestinal parasites using native- Lugol and formol ethyl ether methods. Also, 10,897 cellophane- tape preparations were studied directly. Parasites were found in 8.14% of the samples. Of the patients, 46.32% were females and 53.68%, male. G. intestinalis (3.63%) and Enterobius vermicularis (3.41%) were the most prevalent parasites. The distribution of the parasites according the species was as follows: 115 (0.35%) Entamoeba histolytica and/or dispar, 73 (0.22%) Ascaris lumbricoides, 29 (0.089%) Taenia spp., 7 (%0.021) Dicrocoelium dentriticum, 6 (0.018%) Trichuris trichiura, 4 (0.012%) Hymenolepis nana, and 2 (0.006%) Strongyloides stercoralis. At least one parasite was seen in 96.47% of samples. Two parasites were found in 3.53% of the stool specimens,. The results of our study were similar to the rates of the Marmara Region. Our laboratory findings were found to be lower than previous laboratory findings.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2006

[Investigation of intestinal parasites in residents of the Kayseri Karpuzsekisi basin].

In this study, we collected stool and cellophane tape samples from residents in four villages located in the Kayseri-Karpuzsekisi basin in order to investigate the distribution of intestinal parasites. A total of 240 samples collected from Hanyeri (40), Sariküklü (20), Dokuzpinar (80) and Karpuzsekisi (120) were investigated. The parasites detected were as follows: Blastocystis hominis, 82 (34.16%); Enterobius vermicularis, 37 (15.41%); Entamoeba coli 26, (10.83%); Entamoeba hartmanni, 10 (4.16%); Giardia intestinalis, 7 (2.91%); Endolimax nana, 5 (2.08%); Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, 4 (1.66%); and Taenia saginata, 1 (0.41%).

Amebiasis↗

PubMed2006

[Incidence of intestinal parasites in municipal sanitary workers in Malatya].

The incidence of intestinal parasites is closely related to such factors as the socio-economic level of the society, nutritional and hygienic habits, climate, environmental conditions, infrastructure and degree of literacy. In this study, the municipal sanitary workers who are regarded as a high risk group in Malatya were examined for intestinal parasites. Cellophane slides and fecal samples from 241 workers were examined and intestinal parasites were found in 93 (39.0%). The most common parasite was Entamoeba coli (34). Other parasites detected include Enterobius vermicularis (32), Giardia intestinalis (22), Blastocystis hominis (8), Iodamoeba butschlii (5), Entamoeba histolytica (2), Taenia sp. (2), Chilomastix mesnili (2), Dientamoeba fragilis (2), Entamoeba hartmanni (1), Trichomonas intestinalis (1) Hymenolepis nana (1), and Ascaris lumbricoides (1). A training seminary was conducted in order to inform all the workers about means of protection. The workers were given suitable treatment and were called for control after a month. The examinations revealed a significant decrease in the incidence rate of parasites (qui-square test in dependent samples P<0.05). It was concluded that offering training seminaries for certain occupational groups under risk is efficient in terms of protection.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Case report: taeniasis, is it a cause of psychiatric and neural symptoms?].

The most frequent symptom of taeniasis is the discharge of proglottids (93.7%). Gravid proglottids which do not have uterine pores are damaged when they exit the anus by their movement. Because of this damage most of the eggs contaminate the perianal tract. The cellophane tape technique that is used for getting perineum material is also a convenient technique for diagnosis of taeniasis. A 36 year-old woman was admitted to our parasitology clinic complaining of a watering mouth for one year, of abdominal pain, and of loss of appetite for 6 months, and who had discharged proglottids from time to time. She had been eating raw meat since her childhood and had had treatment for taeniasis fifteen years ago. She has also been under treatment for obsessive and compulsive neurosis and depression for two years and complained of constipation that was the side effect of the drug clomipramine HCL. She was given treatment with niclosamide and purgative treatment. The result of the treatment was incomplete because the patient refused to use the purgative. She was called for follow up controls two weeks and six months after treatment and after six months did not have any evidence of infection in her stools. When she was asked, the patient said that she did not need to use the drugs for the treatment of obsessive and compulsive neurosis and depression any more since her symptoms had decreased. According to various authorities, taeniasis is thought to be the cause of psychiatric symptoms due to its neural and psychological effects. These claims have been confirmed in our case because of her psychiatric symptoms decreased after the taeniasis treatment. Thus, the view that there is a relationship between intestinal parasites and psychiatric disease has been strengthened.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[The effects of social-demographic characteristics and hygienic habits on the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in primary school children.].

In our country, parasitic diseases in children and in particular, those caused by Enterobius vermicularis are wide-spread and are an important health problem. The level of education, nutrition, customs, and social-economic, medical-social and living standards as well as the climate and sanitary facilities play an important role in the incidence and prevalence of intestinal parasites. The aim of this descriptive and cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of the social-demographic characteristics and habits of hygiene of primary school children on the presence of Enterobius vermicularis. The subjects of this research were children with a low social-economic level in the governmental primary school found in the province of Karaman. With the aid of a sampling method, the samples were taken from 5 classes out of the l5 classes found in the school. These 5 classes represented each of the 5 grades. From April- June 2002, a suitable questionnaire along with the application of the cellophane tape method was used in obtaining information from the selected students. Of the students included in the study, 45.9% were boys and 54.1%, girls. Of the families of the students, 70.6% earned the standard minimum wage and below and 19.7% were in a medium economic level. Enterobius vermicularis was found in 76.2% of the students. This study shows that the presence of Enterobius vermicularis in primary school children is still an important health problem.

English Abstract↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Bacteriocinogeny in Klebsiella and the applied use of klebocins].

A phenomenon of bacteriocinogeny is studied in 83 K-type strains of Klebsiella. Physicochemical (permeability through cellophane, thermo-resistance, diffusion rate in agar, inactivation by trypsin, induction by UV irradiation) and biological (activity spectrum, specificity) properties are studied. Eight preparations of klebocins are examined by electron microscopy. Conclusions are made on the possibility to use klebocinogenic and indicating K-type cultures of Klebsiella for bacteriocin typing of clinical isolates of these microbes.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗

PubMed1991

Possible theoretical treatments for transfer processes through membranes.

The transfer process of salicylic acid through a cellophane membrane is studied. The active component is formulated as a semisolid emulsion (O/W) for external local application. Different theoretical mathematical models are applicable to the experimental data obtained in order to find the mathematical expressions which define the transfer kinetics. Later on, comparative studies of these mathematical models are carried out in order to choose the one which better defines the whole transfer process.

Emulsions↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Anticoagulants of the nondialyzed fractions of the ammonia extract of the herb Pulmonaria mollissima].

T-100 anticoagulants non-dialyzed through cellophane are isolated from ammonia extract of herb Pulmonaria mollissima. Their effect is mainly realized at the stage of coagulation conversions of fibrinogen, first of all at the stage of fibrin self-assembly. One of these anticoagulants is a peptide, another one is a glycopeptide which contains glucose residues like carbohydrate. Peptide components of the both anticoagulants are characterized by the high level of amino acids, their radicals are capable to ionization under physiological conditions. In contrast to animal-origin analogs, glycopeptide in nontoxic doses causes stable hypocoagulemia in animals. It is expedient to study Pulmonaria mollissima extracts as a source of direct anticoagulants.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1991

[Occurrence of intestinal parasites among elementary school children in Poland in 1988].

In 1988 there were examined in Poland 10% of the population of children aged 7 years for the presence of intestinal parasites. The examination included 61,700 children, 39,018 inhabiting towns and 22,682 from the country. Among the examined in each province the numbers of children from towns and country were proportional to the actual number of children living in the two localities. The methods included examination of direct faecal smear in 0.85% NaCl and in Lugol's iodine, zinc sulphate flotation according to Faust, decantation and cellophane swabs according to NIH. The parasites encountered in order of decreasing frequency comprised: E. vermicularis, T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides, G. intestinalis and E. coli. The highest number of infected children were found in the middle-eastern territories of Poland. The differences in numbers of infected in towns and the country were insignificant.

Child↗

PubMed1991

Colour and photosensitive epilepsy.

In this study we relate our experience in 7 cases of photosensitive epilepsy and the effect of different types of filters upon the photoconvulsive response (PR). The study was performed with an 8 channels electroencephalograph and the patients were stimulated with a Joule lamp (1 c/sec-30 c/sec). Red, yellow, blue and green cellophane paper filters were used. The EEG response presented bilateral spikes or polyspikes and slow wave paroxysmal discharges. In the presence of a blue filter, the PR appeared later: an average of 6 seconds of closing the eyes and the response had a lower amplitude. In addition the PR did not appear or it was blocked when we used a double blue filter. These results support the role of the retina in the genesis of the PR. We suggest that the blue filter allows a small percentage of light transmission and under these conditions the electrical events that follow light stimulation do not occur.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Regulation of epidermal sphingolipid synthesis by permeability barrier function.

A mixture of sphingolipids, cholesterol, and free fatty acids forms the intercellular membrane bilayers of the stratum corneum which are presumed to regulate epidermal barrier function. Prior studies have shown that both cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis are rapidly regulated by epidermal barrier requirements. In contrast, the importance of sphingolipids in barrier function has not been directly demonstrated. Here, we have assessed both sphingolipid synthesis by [3H]H2O incorporation and serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT) activity in relation to modulations in barrier function. Incorporation of [3H]H2O into sphingolipids increased after barrier disruption with acetone, with maximal increase (170%) occurring 5-7 h after treatment (P less than 0.005). As barrier function returned to normal over 24 h, incorporation of tritium into sphingolipids normalized. SPT activity also increased after barrier disruption, peaking at 6 h (150%) (P less than 0.05), and returning towards normal by 24 h. Artificial restoration of the barrier with a water vapor-impermeable membrane prevented the increases in both [3H]H2O incorporation into sphingolipids and enzyme activity. Finally, SPT activity was increased in two other models of barrier dysfunction, cellophane tape-stripping and essential fatty acid deficiency. Occlusion normalized SPT activity in both of these models as well. These studies: a) demonstrate a distinctive, delayed increase in epidermal sphingolipid synthesis in response to barrier requirements that contrasts with the immediate responses of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis; and b) suggest that sphingolipids are important for the maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier.

Acetone↗

PubMed1991

Surface-wrinkling maculopathy as a potential complication of trabeculectomy: a case report.

We report a case of "crinkled cellophane maculopathy" which developed during the first few days following an uneventful trabeculectomy in a high myopic patient with primary open-angle glaucoma. We suggest pathogenic mechanisms that may have induced such premacular lesions, emphasizing the patient's high myopia combined with a postoperative inflammatory reaction.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Quantitative study on infestation and distribution of human Demodex on the face].

We have tried to use 1.2 cm x 5 cm (6 cm2) adhesive cellophane tape technique for quantitative detection of Demodex. 618 mites were detected on the 24 tapes applied on various parts of the face of a healthy individual. In an investigation of 8 person-times, the numbers of mites found on various parts of the face were in the following order: upper-cheek (233), mid-cheek (153), lower-cheek (114), chin (78), forehead (59.5), nose (55), infraorbital (54.5), paraoral (49.5), nasal groove (45), mites found on other parts being negligible. Demodex brevis were found scattering singly on the tapes, while D. follicutorum were found 1-6 in number in one or several follicles. All of them were in the follicle opening, indicating that transmission was readily affected through direct or indirect contacts. The results also showed that when a large number of mites were sticked off, the intensity of infestation was decreased.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Survey of Enterobius vermicularis infection among school children in Tainan City].

A survey was conducted for enterobiasis, in six primary schools at Tainan city. The survey was conducted in 1986, involving 8,120 school children. The manner of testing, was two consecutive day, adhesive cellophane paper perianal swabs. The test resulted in general infection rate of 30.4%. The positive rates among those primary school children were significantly different (chi 2-test, p less than 0.001). The highest rate (40.3%), was in Shih-Men primary school and the lowest rate (18.7%) in Pao-Jeng primary school. Gender occurrence of enterobiasis was determined by making a statistic analysis between sex. We found significantly higher occurrence in males (32.4%) as opposed to females (28.3%) (chi 2-test, p less than 0.001). The infection rates were also significantly different by grade (chi 2-test, p less than 0.001). The highest rate was found in the lower grades (35.3%), the next in the middle grades (32.4%), and the lowest in the higher grades (21.6%). A questionnaire demonstrated that the family status and personal hygiene are the most important factors in transmission of pinworm infection, among the group surveyed. Moreover, the educational levels, occupations of parents, and facilities of bathrooms, (between both primary schools) were also found significantly associated with the transmission of pinworm infection. Therefore, we believe that these factors play a role in transmission of pinworm infection among school children.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1977

PH-dependent drug release from certain commercial tablets.

A dissolution-dialysis profile for each of several brands of nitrofurantoin, hydrochlorothiazide and sulfisoxazole tablets was developed at three pH levels. The study used a two-compartment diffusion cell with a semipermeable cellophane membrane. Nitrofuratoin tablets were tested at pH values of 7.2, 4.7 and 1.2; sulfisoxazole tablets at 7.2, 5.5 and less than 1. Studies with hydrochlorothiazide tablets were terminated because the pH of the dissolution medium had no effect of practical significance on dissolution or dialysis rates. The dissolution rates of the nitrofurantoin and sulfisoxazole tablets were highly brand-individualized and complex. The effects of pH upon a particular formulation were unpredictable. The results suggest that dissolution testing at one fixed pH, as commonly practiced, may be insufficient for some products. This pH-dependent release characteristic may not correspond to a change in bioavailability in all cases, but it represents a potential problem which should be considered by the formulator.

Biological Availability↗