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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cell surface interactions in conjugation: Tetrahymena ciliary membrane vesicles.

Tetrahymena ciliary membrane vesicles are shown to interact with preconjugant cells in a mating type-specific way. When cells are treated with vesicles of a different mating type before mixing for conjugation, cell pairing is enhanced, and the normal prepairing period is partially eliminated. This enhancement is mating type specific since it is not observed after pretreatment of cells with vesicles of their own mating type. In contrast, when vesicles are added at the time of mixing of two starved cultures, cell pairing is delayed in a concentration-dependent manner. By varying the conditions, we demonstrated enhancement or inhibition, or both. These results are interpreted in terms of two independent interactions of cells with vesicles. We suggest that first, vesicles substitute for another cell in cell-cell prepairing interaction and second, vesicles compete for adhesion sites produced during the prepairing period. Finally, the data presented are summarized within a speculative framework that calls attention to potential analogies with hormone-receptor signaling in mammalian cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug errors and patient safety: the need for a change in practice.

Concerns regarding drug errors and public safety have recently been raised in the British national newspapers and professional nursing journals. This literature review considers why nurses may continue to make drug errors in their practice. The findings suggest that drug errors are not caused by any one factor, but are multifaceted in nature. Factors include calculation error, overdosing/underdosing of drug dosages, covert drug administration in food and drink, and an increasingly relaxed attitude among professional nurses with regard to ensuring that drugs are administered to the standard required by law. This article considers the notion that nurses may breach the legal "duty of care" they owe patients by being complacent in their drug administration practice. Consideration of a system's approach to minimize drug error through proactive action planning, risk identification, and implementation of an anonymous incident-reporting framework is briefly explored.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

The negotiated order of clinical teaching.

The clinical teacher and students in traditional nursing education programs represent a temporary system within the permanent culture of the clinical area in which they teach. Temporary systems are a set of diversely skilled people working together on a complex task over a limited period of time. A member of a temporary system struggles to maintain a differentiated identity within the permanent system, while at the same time seeking a sense of collegiality and belonging. Clinical teachers experience a feeling of being somewhat akin to the nursing staff in the clinical area in which they teach because they are nurses. At the same time, clinical teachers are alienated from the nurses because the staff has developed a permanent structure that excludes clinical teachers from many aspects of nurses' working lives. The focus of research concerning clinical teaching has been the tasks assigned to the clinical teacher rather than the experience of teachers as members of a temporary system. This article presents one aspect of a year-long exploratory and descriptive qualitative research study designed to explore and describe what takes place in the realm of clinical teaching in nursing education. The discussion will focus on the experience of clinical teachers as temporary systems according to the sociological framework of negotiated order.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

[Postgraduate education of the surgeon from the viewpoint of medical boards. Reality and responsibility].

Postgraduate training in general surgery in Germany is regulated by state law and administrated by the Arztekammer. The formal conditions for the performance of the postgraduate training are published in the postgraduate regulations of the Arztekammer. The content of the postgraduate training is dictated by Guidelines that are based upon recommendations of scientific and professional organisations. The above mentioned regulations will be presented in this article as well as the procedure that is applied by the Arztekammer Nordrhein to evaluate the accreditation of those people and organisations who are eligible to administer the postgraduate training. Further perspectives on the professional future of surgeons in Germany are addressing the background of a growing number of doctors who are facing the changing conditions of the legal framework within which they will have to work.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2000

Incorporating critical care oncology nursing in a baccalaureate of science in nursing curriculum.

Undergraduate nursing curricula traditionally provide a superficial overview of oncology with only a passing mention of critical care oncology concepts. With an unprecedented nursing shortage predicted in the coming decade and acute care facilities likely to overflow with an elderly, chronically ill patient population, nursing education programs must strive to assure that nursing curriculum remains relevant in the face of these future challenges and changes in health care. Rather than require employers to provide the oncology education needed by the nursing staff during the orientation period, undergraduate nursing programs must accept the commitment to provide a stronger oncology and critical care nursing knowledge base in the basic nursing curriculum. This article describes how the baccalaureate degree nursing program at Houston Baptist University accepted this challenge and incorporated content on the management of oncologic emergencies within an existing critical care nursing course. Discussion of the development of the oncology content and the benefits of incorporating the content within a critical care nursing framework are also provided.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2005

High stakes assessment using simulation -- an Australian experience.

The use of simulation for high stakes assessment has been embedded in the New South Wales Medical Practice Act and has been used for high stakes assessment on a number of occasions. Simulation has rarely been used in this manner elsewhere in the world. We outline the use of simulation in particular focussing on its relationship to a performance assessment programme featuring performance focus, peer assessment of standards, an educative, remedial and protective framework, strong legislative support and system awareness.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developing advanced nursing practice roles in cancer care.

Nurses in cancer care have been at the forefront of developing advanced nursing practice, however there has not been national agreement in relation to the education and clinical skills required for this practice. Work is under way by the NMC to develop a regulated framework for the standard for post-registration nursing.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1989

Operations research in schistosomiasis control.

The term "operations research" is used in several different senses but the simplest concept is one of any activity and associated evaluation which will lead us to a better understanding of how to do things in the most competent and effective way. Operations research should attempt to bring all the subsets of variables together within one framework embracing strictly technical matters, organizational and administrative aspects, population cooperation and behavioural constraints or complications, costs and resources required, cost-efficacy and the construction of a system for continued monitoring and subsequent remedial interventions, where necessary. The problems involved in operations research are outlined and the practical points of importance are emphasized. The principles of schistosomiasis control are listed, the use of population based chemotherapy is stressed, the constraints are tabulated and specific suggestions made for worth-while studies in the "operational research" context.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Definition and classification of mental retardation: a reply to Zigler, Balla, and Hodapp.

Zigler, Balla, and Hodapp (1984) have proposed that mental retardation be defined as an IQ at least 2 standard deviations below the mean and classified as having organic or genetic etiology. These proposals are found to be based upon questionable assumptions about mental retardation. An alternative conceptual framework for definition of mental retardation is proposed and used to evaluate the merits of IQ and social competence in determining mental retardation. The use of IQ alone is judged to be inappropriate and potentially harmful when applied to individuals and when used to formulate public policy. Other researchers have established that there is insufficient evidence to attribute genetic or organic etiology to most mental retardation.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Training at the African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology in Bamako].

The African Institute of Tropical Ophthalmology (AITO) is an OCCCMED institute, founded in Bamako in 1953. The OCCCMED itself is based at Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). AITO is a WHO collaborating center for the prevention of blindness. Training is one of the main activities of the institute, along with eye care, research and assessment. The prevalence of blindness in sub-Saharan countries is about 1.2%, with blindness mostly caused by cataracts, trachoma, glaucoma and onchocercosis. The demand for eye care is high but there are currently too few trained personnel to satisfy that demand. Therefore, AITO's role in training eye-care professionals is particularly important. The institute trains ophthalmologists, specialist nurses, eye surgeons (who remove cataracts) and spectacle manufacturers. Training is carried out within the framework of the community and apprenticeship in the workplace. The student must attain specific targets, listed in a "competency passport" issued at the start of training. Clinical and surgical ophthalmology and general eye care are taught. Training costs and grants are mostly paid by the Lions Club International Sight First Program or by the French Overseas Development Ministry. Since 1991, AITO has trained to graduation: 18 ophthalmologists; 24 eye surgeons; 83 specialist nurses; 16 spectacle manufacturers.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1998

A feedforward and feedback framework for analysing an organisation's resources, capabilities and development needs.

The success of an organisation is measured by the progress its people make towards its goals and objectives. But, most organisations today operate in fast changing and competitive environments. In turn, these unpredictable conditions impact on the organisation's internal operations. As a result, established skills and competences can become obsolete. Strong and appropriate competences can enhance an organisation's performance. Strategic managers then need to ensure that their organisational skills and competences remain of an appropriate mix and measure. They need to continuously develop and/or renew the skills and capabilities of their workforce. Identifying what skills need renewing is not easy but very necessary. Identifying them quickly is harder still. An easy to follow framework that can be adapted at the various levels within the organisation's structure could prove useful as a consistent and relatively speedy format for analysing the organisation's resources, capabilities and development needs. This paper supports the use of such a framework.

Efficiency, Organizational↗
PubMed2003

Oxyfunctionalization of non-natural targets by dioxiranes. 5. Selective oxidation of hydrocarbons bearing cyclopropyl moieties.

The powerful methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (1b) was employed to achieve the direct oxyfunctionalization of 2,4-didehydroadamantane (5), spiro[cyclopropane-1,2'-adamantane] (9), spiro[2.5]octane (17), and bicyclo[6.1.0]nonane (19). The results are compared with those attained in the analogous oxidation of two alkylcyclopropanes, i.e., n-butylcyclopropane (11) and (3-methyl-butyl)-cyclopropane (14). The product distributions observed for 11 and 14 show that cyclopropyl activation of alpha-C-H bonds largely prevails when no tertiary C-H are present in the open chain in the tether; however, in the oxyfunctionalixation of 14 cyclopropyl activation competes only mildly with hydroxylation at the tertiary C-H. The application of dioxirane 1b to polycyclic alkanes possessing a sufficiently rigid framework (such as 5 and 9) demonstrates the relevance of relative orientation of the cyclopropane moiety with respect to the proximal C-H undergoing oxidation. At one extreme, as observed in the oxidation of rigid spiro compound 9, even bridgehead tertiary C-H's become deactivated by the proximal cyclopropyl moiety laying in the unfavorable "eclipsed" (perpendicular) orientation; at the other end, a cyclopropane moiety constrained in a favorable "bisected" orientation (as for didehydroadamantane 5) can activate an "alpha" methylene CH2 to compete effectively with dioxirane O-insertion into tertiary C-H bonds. Comparison with literature reports describing similar oxidations by dimethyldioxirane (1a) demonstrate that methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (1b) presents similar selectivity and remarkably superior reactivity.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Technical curriculum models: are they appropriate for the nursing profession?

The technical view of curriculum epitomized by the Tylerian objectives-based model focuses on measurable, quantifiable outcomes. Partly because of the drive to legitimize nursing as a profession, nursing education has accepted the Tylerian approach to demonstrate acceptable levels of competence for nursing practice. This paper examines the appropriateness of the behavioural measurement of outcomes for nursing in the present decade, using the framework of Habermas' knowledge-constitutive interests. It is contended that nursing educational practices have not kept pace with changes in the ethos of nursing practice in the 1990s. Nursing education must shift its focus from the technical curriculum to encompass humanistic principles and critical reflection, compatible with currently accepted nursing values.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1993

Facing the future: credibility in a changing world.

As many rapidly changing and often conflicting influences come to bear on nurse education, and as nurse education strengthens links with higher education or integrates with this sector, nurse teachers need to reflect on their future role in terms of credibility. Four dimensions of credibility are suggested: teaching, knowledge, clinical and academic credibility. In considering these dimensions and the nature of future curricula, proposals for the future role are presented. It is suggested that the nurse teacher of the future must not only be a competent teacher, but a competent teacher of theory and practice. This implies not only teaching, but knowledge and clinical credibility. Academic credibility will be required by those who purchase nurse education and who will expect it to be at higher education level. It is concluded that the achievement of credibility across these four dimensions requires a degree of specialisation and that those who manage education must institute frameworks and practices to facilitate nurse teachers in their future role.

Adaptation, Psychological↗