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PubMed1999

Oral status of 81 subjects with eating disorders.

The aim was to explore possible correlations between the oral status of patients undergoing treatment at a special outpatient psychiatric clinic for eating disorders and such variables as psychiatric diagnosis and duration of illness, oral hygiene habits, salivary function, and dietary habits. Healthy volunteers of a similar age were recruited for comparison. The material comprised 100 consecutive referrals, of whom 79 were women and 2 were men (age range 17 to 47, median 25 yr) participated. The eating disorders were diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association's DSM III-R criteria. The clinical and radiographic examinations were supplemented by standardized intraoral photographs, study models and salivary analysis. The decayed, missing, filled surfaces (DMFS) index was 15.3+/-10.9, a significantly higher caries frequency than for the reference group. More than half the subjects had erosive tooth wear involving the dentine, and about one-third had very low unstimulated salivary flow rates and very high counts of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Erosive tooth wear was significantly correlated to the number of years of binge-eating. Compared to age-matched individuals, subjects with diagnosed eating disorders are more susceptible to both dental caries and erosion. They should be encouraged to adopt appropriately tailored preventive programmes and to have regular dental check-ups.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Caries prediction model in pre-school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the significance of variables such as oral hygiene, dietary habits, socio-economic status and medical history of a child in assessing the level of caries risk and to generate a caries prediction model for pre-school Saudi children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of pre-school children. SETTING: Clinics and schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SAMPLE AND METHODS: A sample of 446 Saudi pre-school children, 199 males and 247 females, with a mean age of 4.13 years, were selected at random from clinics and schools. Selection was limited to subjects who either had no caries (dmft = 0) or who had high caries experience (dmft > 8). Each child was examined for caries experience and oral hygiene status. Their mothers were interviewed through a standardized questionnaire for information about oral hygiene habits of the children, diet history, childhood illness and socio-economic status. RESULTS: There was a highly significant difference between the two groups in: debris index (P < 0.0001), aged child started tooth brushing, (P < 0.0001), age breastfeeding was stopped (P < 0.005), nocturnal bottle feeding with milk formula (P < 0.001), use of sweetened milk (P < 0.0001), frequency of use of soft drinks (P < 0.0005), frequency of consumption of sweets (P < 0.0001), and age at first dental visit (P < 0.0001). A caries prediction model developed through stepwise multivariate Logistic Regression (LR) analyses showed debris index, use of sweetened milk in bottle, frequency of consumption of soft drinks, frequency of intake of sweets and child's age at the first dental visit to be significant. Predictive probability of the model was 86.31% with a sensitivity of 90.1% and a specificity of 80.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for dental caries have been identified and a caries prediction model has been developed for Saudi pre-school children. The prediction model, if verified, may provide with guidance in identifying high caries risk Saudi preschool children as targets for preventive programmes.

Bottle Feeding↗

PubMed1986

Cross-sectional clinical study of quality of amalgam restorations, oral health and prevalence of recurrent caries.

The purpose of the present cross-sectional clinical study was to evaluate the relationship between recurrent caries prevalence, quality of class II amalgam restorations and various oral health parameters. One hundred and forty-four randomly selected 35-yr-old citizens of Oslo were included in the investigation. Caries was scored based on a combined clinical and radiographic examination according to the DMFS index system. Oral hygiene (OHI-S) and periodontal index (PI) were registered, and the quality of class II amalgam restorations was ranked according to a set of occlusal index pictures. A total of 1694 class II amalgam restorations were included and 93 (5.5%) of these were affected by recurrent caries. A statistically significant correlation was found between prevalence of recurrent caries and poor oral hygiene, high PI-scores and prevalence of primary caries. However, a severe deterioration of the quality of amalgam restorations had to be present before a concomitant increase in recurrent caries prevalence could be registered. The present results indicate that measures improving the oral health may be of major importance in preventing recurrent caries and thereby increase the durability of amalgam restorations.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6-12 years in Navolato, Sinaloa, México: experience, prevalence, severity and treatment needs].

INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is the most prevalent disease in children. OBJECTIVE: To determine the caries experience, prevalence, and severity in temporal and permanent dentition, likewise to establish the significant caries index in schoolchildren of Navolato, Sinaloa, Mexico as well as their treatment needs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional study in 3048 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years. All subjects were clinically examined by three examiners (kappa>0.85), according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Caries detection criteria used were the WHO's criteria and Pitts' lesion d1. RESULTS: The mean age was 8.81 +/- 1.79 years old and 52.2% were girls. In the temporal dentition; the dmft was 4.68 +/- 3.21 and caries prevalence of 90.2% (dmft>3 was 60.8%, and dmft>6 was 27.4%). The overall significant caries index was 10.52 for 6 year olds. The noncavitated lesions (d1) represented 37.1% of the "decay" component. In the permanent dentition; the DMFT was 3.24 +/- 2.72 and caries prevalence was 82.0% (DMFT>3 was 47.8%, and DMFT>6 was 9.0%). The overall significant caries index was 10.87 for 12 year olds. The noncavitated lesions (d1) represented 63.4% of the "decay" component. The majority, 89.6% and 81.1% of children needed at least one restoration of one and two dental surfaces, respectively. Girls were more affected by caries than boys in permanent dentition, but not in temporal dentition. The caries experience increased with age. CONCLUSIONS: We observed high indices of caries, and high prevalence, severity and treatment needs. Noncavitated lesions were higher in permanent dentition that in primary dentition.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dental health of children with cerebral palsy following sialodochoplasty.

Drooling occurs commonly in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Surgical procedures, known as slalodochoplasties, are often performed for the control of drooling. These include major salivary gland excision, parasympathetic nerve section, duct ligation, and duct re-routing. Alterations in saliva amount, flow, and consistency occur following sialodochoplasty, and the resultant effect on dental homeostasis requires further investigation. This controlled study investigated 19 children with CP following sialodochoplasty (surgery group) and 75 children with CP treated nonsurgically (control group) who attended our hospital. Dental caries experience-including dmft, DMFT, and partial DMFS scores of mandibular incisors and canines only-plaque index, and enamel developmental defects index were recorded. Saliva buffering capacity and bacterial counts were assessed. The surgical group (median DMFT = 5.00) had significantly more dental caries when compared with the control group (median DMFT = 0.00), Wilcoxon Signed-rank Test, P < 0.0001. This study has shown that children with CP following sialodochoplasty have increased risk of dental caries when compared with those treated nonsurgically for drooling. Although no caries predictors were identified, alterations to the caries-protective role of saliva are considered the likely cause. Children who undergo this procedure should receive intensive pre- and postsurgical preventive dental therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Association of the DMFT index with socioeconomic and dental services indicators in the state of Paraná, Brazil].

This ecological study investigated the associations between dental caries, socioeconomic indicators, and the supply of dental services in the State of Paraná, Brazil, for the year 1996. Two types of information were collected: (1) data on caries prevalence (DMFT at 12 years) for the municipalities (or counties) in the State; (2) data on socioeconomic conditions and the supply of dental services. Based on simple linear regression analysis, the study demonstrated a significant correlation between the caries index in municipalities and various social and dental services supply indicators. Results of the analysis of multiple linear regression showed that one indicator of income inequality remained significantly associated with dental caries, demonstrating that the worst oral health conditions cannot be dissociated from income disparities. A significant negative correlation was observed between DMFT and the proportion of the population that received fluoridated water, principally in the municipalities with the worst income inequality indicators. This highlights the importance of fluoridation for the reduction of caries rates, as well as to attenuate the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on the prevalence of dental caries.

Brazil↗

PubMed2006

Prevalence of early childhood caries in 3- to 5-year-old children in Philadelphia district, Mpumalanga Province.

INTRODUCTION: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) can be defined as dental caries in preschool children. There is a lack of data on the prevalence of ECC at a global, national, regional and district level. Hence the severity and extent of the disease is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to establish the prevalence of ECC among 3- to 5-year-old children from the Philadelphia district in Mpumalanga. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted on 269 children aged between 3 and 5 years. The caries status was determined using the decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) index as described by WHO 1997. RESULTS The percentage caries free individuals were 74.6%, 44.2% and 46.6% and the dmft values were 0.93, 2.69 and 2.18 for 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds respectively. The mean mt and ft values for 3- and 4-year-olds was zero. Among the 5-year-olds, the mean mt and ft values was 0.01 and 0.02 respectively. CONCLUSION: For a rural community the prevalence of ECC is high. Virtually all caries in preschool children from this community is left untreated. There is a need for a properly planned preventive strategy for this community.

Age Distribution↗

PubMed1991

Dental needs assessment survey: three Florida counties.

Dental needs assessment surveys were completed in three Florida counties (1987 - Lee County), (1988 - Pasco County) and (1989 - St. Lucie County). The data collected were then compared with the results from the national caries prevalence surveys in 1979-80 and 1986-87, by individual county and with the combined three-county total. Visual tactile examinations were done using the Radlike criteria for the DMFS index and the WHO Treatment Needs Index. Schools were selected based on the percent of students enrolled in the free or reduced lunch program and by geographic distribution. Although there were age group differences within individual counties, the combined data showed every age group except the seven year olds at a lower DMFS mean level than the data from the 1986-87 national survey for Region IV. The differences range from -.20 surfaces in 8-year-olds to -.57 surfaces in 13-year-olds. None of the differences were statistically significant from the national surveys. This indicates that these small scale surveys are a reliable method for needs assessment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Development of an oral health indicator in infants.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a simple predictive indicator for 1.5-year-old infants' oral health as an aid for maternal preventive efforts. DESIGN: The development of an indicator was based on the relationship between life style factors of the 1.5-year-old infants and the caries incidence of the same children at three years of age. Data gained at examination of the 3-year-old subjects were subjected to analysis with the caries-free information on the same subjects at 1.5 years. SETTING: A community health centre in Hiroshima Japan. SUBJECTS: 1575 children received an oral check-up at 3 years of age at a community health centre. OUTCOME MEASURES: The category scores of the six items which were extracted retrospectively from life style factors at 1.5 years affecting caries prevalence at 3 years of age were quantified and transformed into integral numbers so as to make up a total of 100. The sum of the six transformed scores was named an Infants Dental Index (IDI). RESULTS: The IDI score was associated significantly with the dmft score at 3 years of age (r = -0.18 P < 0.001). When the subjects were classified into four groups with respect to the IDI score these four groups were significantly related to the caries onset between 1.5 and 3 years of age (chi 2 = 36.74, P < 0.001 CONCLUSIONS: The IDI developed in this study appeared to be valid so that it could be applied in the field of the community dental health to identity higher risk infants and direct more effective health education to mothers.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1991

Periodontal disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and oral health status was determined in Pima Indians from the Gila River Indian Community in Arizona. This tribe of native Americans has the world's highest reported incidence and prevalence of non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus. The probing attachment level, alveolar bone loss, age, sex, Calculus Index, Plaque Index, Gingival Index, fluorosis, and DMFT as well as the diabetic status was assessed in 1,342 Pima Indians who were at least partially dentate. The prevalence and severity of destructive periodontal disease was determined by measuring probing attachment loss and radiographically apparent interproximal crestal alveolar bone loss, two independent but correlated indicators of periodontal destruction. Only diabetic status, age, and the presence of subgingival calculus were significantly associated with both increased prevalence and greater severity of destructive periodontal disease in this population. Diabetic status was significantly and strongly related to both the prevalence and severity of disease after adjusting for the effects of demographic variables and several indices of oral health including the Plaque Index. Subjects with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of destructive periodontitis with an odds ratio of 2.81 (95% confidence interval 1.91 to 4.13) when attachment loss is used to measure the disease. The odds ratio for diabetic subjects was 3.43 (95% confidence interval 2.28 to 5.16) where bone loss was used to measure periodontal destruction. These findings demonstrate tht diabetes increases the risk of developing destructive periodontal disease about threefold. Furthermore, diabetes increases the risk of developing periodontal disease in a manner which cannot be explained on the basis of age, sex, and hygiene or other dental measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

The dental caries experience of 5-year-old children in England and Wales (2003/4) and in Scotland (2002/3). Surveys co-ordinated by the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry.

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the results of standardized clinical caries examinations of 5 year old children from across England and Wales in 2003/4 and Scotland in 2002/3. These co-ordinated surveys are the latest in a series which seek to monitor the dental health of children and to assess the delivery of dental services. METHOD: The criteria and conventions of the British Association for the Study of Community Dentistry were used. Representative samples were drawn from participating strategic health authorities (SHAs), primary care trusts (PCTs) and health boards (HBs). Caries was diagnosed at the caries into dentine threshold using a visual method without radiography or fibre-optic transillumination. Data for Jersey and the Isle of Man are also included. RESULTS: The results again demonstrated a wide variation in disease prevalence and care strategies across Great Britain. Mean values for d3mft within the current English Strategic Health Authorities ranged from 0.47 in Maidstone Weald (South) to 3.69 in North Kirklees (North); in Wales mean values ranged from 1.48 in Flintshire (NW) to 3.73 in Merthyr (SE); while in Scotland they ranged from 1.29 in Borders to 3.67 in Argyll & Clyde. Mean d3mft across England was 1.49 (d3t = 1.12, mt = 0.19, ft = 0.18), across Wales it was 2.42 (d3t = 1.70, mt = 0.43, ft = 0.29) and across Scotland values were 2.76 (d3t = 1.87, mt = 0.65, ft = 0.24). Overall, 39.6% of children in England & Wales and 55.4% of children inspected in Scotland had evidence of caries experience in dentine (d3mft > 0, including visual dentine caries). The distribution of caries was highly skewed. Thus the mean caries experience for those with dentinal decay in England and Wales was 3.90, as opposed to the overall mean of 1.55; in Scotland the corresponding values were 4.98 and 2.76. Trends over time demonstrate virtually no change in the overall mean d3mft for England and Wales since 2001/2, although the mean value for those with dentine decay experience increased marginally from 3.83 to 3.90. In Scotland there had been deterioration in the overall mean (2.76 as compared to the 2.55 reported in 1999). The care index has also fallen (for example in England & Wales to 12% from 13.2% in 2001/2002 and 14.3% in 1999/2000). CONCLUSION: There has been no overall improvement in the dental health of 5 year old children over the last 2 years. Geographic variation in oral health is marked at both the local and national levels. Overall, the provision of operative care for those with dentinal decay has again decreased slightly. While many children enjoy good oral health, sizable groups remain within the population of 5 year old children who have a clinically significant burden of preventable dental disease.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed2001

[Caries prevalence and state of treatment in the case of Koblenz children in the first school class with reference to district-related social indicators].

The findings of the dental medical examinations of the school years 1996/1997 and 1997/1998 in the first classes of primary schools in Koblenz have been associated with district-related social indicators given in the social report for Koblenz, and more especially the "proportion of recipients of social welfare assistance among the 0-13 year-olds" indicator. The caries prevalence indices as well as the treatment deficits, the proportion of those needing treatment and the proportion of children with increased risk of caries clearly increased parallel with the proportion of social welfare assistance amongst the children although the greatest difference was seen in the case of districts with average social welfare assistance density and such with high/very high social welfare assistance density. Even at individual school levels a close connection could be established between the proportion of social welfare assistance recipients amongst the 0-13 year-olds in the school district and a) the proportion of children with increased caries risk in accordance with DAJ (Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Jugendzahnpflege) criteria (r(s) = + 0.881) as well as b) a multi-factorial "first school class dental health index" (EZI) (which covered both prevalence and treatment parameters and also findings below the risk threshold of the DAJ criteria) developed for comparing the schools with each other (r(s) = + 0.825). The six "risk schools" (from 22 primary schools) determined by a) the proportion of children with increased caries risk according to DAJ criteria, b) the multi-factorial EZI and c) the social welfare assistance proportion amongst the 0-13 year-olds in the school district, are identical. In comparison with the complex multi-factorial first school class dental health index (EZI), the study confirms the general suitability of the "proportion of children with increased caries risk" for the identification of schools with above-average deficit in dental health care. However, at the same time such "risk schools" - at least in the towns with documented social differentiation of the resident population in the various town districts - can also be determined by the district-related social indicators. This may be significant in such cases where there are no dental examination results (determined according to uniform criteria) available for all schools in one town or region, but specific measures (for example examinations, prevention, fluoridation) should be concentrated on schools with greater need for such measures.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between the presence of demarcated opacities and hypoplasia in permanent teeth and caries in their primary predecessors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the presence of demarcated opacities and hypoplasia on permanent teeth and the caries status of the primary predecessor teeth in a cohort of Chinese children. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 250 children living in a non-fluoridated area in Southern China whose caries status of primary teeth at the age of 3-6 years had been recorded annually in a previous study. A follow-up examination of their permanent teeth was conducted when they were about 12 years old. The presence of enamel defects was determined by consensus of 2 dentists according to the modified DDE index. RESULTS: 56.8% of the 250 children examined had demarcated opacities, while 10.8% of them had hypoplasia. Demarcated opacities and hypoplasia were found in 5.8 and 1.3% of the teeth examined, respectively. A higher prevalence of demarcated opacities was found in those permanent teeth of which their primary predecessor teeth had caries than in those without (7.5 vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001). A similar finding was obtained for the prevalence of hypoplasia (1.9 vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There was an association between caries in primary teeth and the presence of demarcated opacities and hypoplasia in their permanent successors.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2004

The decline in dental caries among 12-year-old children in Germany between 1994 and 2000.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old-children in 11 of the 16 German Federal States over time following the introduction of intensive preventive measures. DESIGN: Cross sectional oral health surveys of children aged 12 years were performed in 1994-1995, 1997 and 2000. SUBJECTS: After random selection 18,459 (1994-1995), 22,908 (1997) and 24,679 (2000) children were examined in schools. METHOD: DMFT and fissure sealants were recorded following WHO criteria. Caries was diagnosed at the caries into dentine (D3) threshold using visual method without radiography or fiber-optic transillumination. RESULTS: The mean DMFT scores for Germany decreased from 2.44 in 1994-1995 to 1.81 in 1997 and 1.24 in 2000. In 1994-1995 31.1% of 12-year-olds had no caries experience (DMFT = 0). The corresponding figures were 42.5% in 1997 and 55.3% in 2000. The average Significant Caries Index (SiC index) dropped from 5.25 in 1994-1995 to 4.29 in 1997 and to 3.30 in 2000. The results in different federal states showed a wide variation in caries prevalence. In the first examination, mean DMFT scores between 2.10 and 3.54 were found, while after the third evaluation corresponding values between 1.03 and 1.95 were observed. In 1997 on average between 0.20 and 2.00 teeth with fissure sealants per child were found, the corresponding values in 2000 were between 2.13 and 2.83. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show considerable inequalities in oral health in the various federal states. Nevertheless, oral health in Germany improved considerably between the years 1994 and 2000.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Oral health status of 16-year-old school children in Malaysia.

The aim of the present study was to determine the oral health status of 16-year-old Malaysian school children. The prevalence of caries was 75.5%. More than 60% of subjects had caries experience by teeth (DMFT) scores of 0-3. The largest component of the DMFT and caries experience by surface index was the filled component. Females had higher caries prevalence and caries scores than males. The mouth and tooth prevalences of enamel defects were 56% and 21.8%, respectively. The most common type of enamel defects observed were diffuse opacities, affecting 95.5% of affected subjects and 92.1% of affected teeth. One-third of subjects had healthy gingival conditions, 8.6% had bleeding gingivae, 55.1% had calculus and 3% had pockets. Less than 1% of subjects wore or required dentures. Cleft lip and/or palate was uncommon. This study shows that the prevalence of caries and DMFT scores have declined over the last 30 years.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Prevalence and pathogenesis of dental and periodontal lesions in children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets.

AIM: To assess the prevalence and to investigate the pathogenetic mechanisms of dental and periodontal lesions in children with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) examined at diagnosis or during treatment. METHODS: Nine children with XLH (age 7.2 +/- 3.3 years) were enrolled in the study (at diagnosis, n = 2; during treatment with oral inorganic phosphate salts combined with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, n = 7). Oral examination was performed according to the evidence of carious and gingival lesions. Decayed or filled teeth (dft) index for primary teeth, and the decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) index for permanent teeth was assessed. All patients with a history of spontaneous dental abscesses underwent orthopantomography examination. RESULTS: d/D ranged from 0 to 9 and f/F from 0 to 3. DMFT/dft index was 0 in the three youngest patients. One patient had enamel hypoplasia and two had enamel dyschromic alterations. Six out of nine patients (67%) had a history of spontaneous fistulae as a consequence of periapical abscesses occurring in the absence of dental decay or history of injury. In these patients, orthopantomographies showed enlarged pulp chambers associated with prominent pulp horns extending up to the dentino-enamel junction in both primary and permanent dentition. CONCLUSION: XLH patients show some peculiar dentinal abnormalities. Treatment prevents only in part dental and periodontal lesions. Genetic mechanisms have a main role in causing defective dentin mineralisation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Oral health status in 65-74 years old adults in France, 1995.

BACKGROUND: A study was carried out to assess the oral health status of the non-institutionalized population aged 65-74 years and living in the Rhône-Alpes region, France, in 1995. METHODS: The representative sample was composed of 603 subjects comprised of 41.5% of men of which 24.5% lived in rural areas--i.e. less than 2,000 inhabitants--and 75.5% of urban areas. The quota sample used was stratified by socio-economic status, residence and gender. Oral health was defined by dentate status, D (Decayed), M (Missing), F (Filled) components and DMFT components. Carious lesions, fillings, missing teeth were recorded using the World Health Organization criteria. An indicator of treatment need--the ratio of decayed teeth over decayed and filled teeth--D/D+F was used. RESULTS: The DMFT index at 65-74 years for the French population was 23.3 +/- 4.0. The dental condition of the study group in the Rhônes-Alpes region of France appears satisfactory considering the low percentage of untreated decayed teeth at 65-74 years old (17.4%) and the low rate of edentate people (16.3%). Gender, location and socio-economic variables in relation to the dental status were discussed. CONCLUSION: The relatively good oral health status of the senior citizens and the low rate of need for treatment of dental decay together with the level of oral care available provided a solid base for further development of a qualitative national dental care system.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

[Examination and treatment of dental caries in the Niigata Prefectural Institute of Total Training for the Mentally Retarded, colony Niigata Shiroiwa-no-Sato].

The purpose of this study was to learn about the prevalence of dental caries in mentally retarded individuals and to follow up the treatment of the caries. The study group comprised 144 severely retarded individuals (79 males and 65 females) aged 6-19 at the time of their admission to the Institute. Following results were obtained by analyses of their dental examination over a period of records in 15 years from 1973 to 1987 and of their treatment charts over a period of 8 years from 1980 to 1987. 1. The DMFT index at the time of their admission showed a tendency to increase gradually with age. In the DMFT index by age, there was no significant difference between that of the Institute and that of the Survey of Dental Disease by Ministry of Health and Welfare Japan in 1981. 2. The FT index was lower and the MT index was higher than the indices of the Survey, and each of differences showed a statistical significance for almost of all ages. Also in the proportion of both indices to the DMFT index, there were significant differences respectively. 3. During the 8 years between 1980 and 1987, 740 teeth were treated with 388 amalgam fillings (52.4%), 174 resin fillings (23.5%), 22 metal crowns (3.0%), 55 endodontic therapies (7.4%) and 101 extractions (13.7%). 4. After Our department started the treatment program in 1980, there were under 0.5 untreated teeth in each individual for each year. Moreover, missing teeth increased slightly in individuals who were on the register more than 2 years. 5. One of the 237 filled teeth (0.4%) and 2 of 21 endodontically treated teeth (9.5%) were extracted because of unfavorable prognosis during 8 years of the follow-up survey period.

Adolescent↗