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PubMedDate not supplied

Stress-response in male partners of women submitted to in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

BACKGROUND: In a previous work, we have reported the relationship between women and the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The goal of the present work is to evaluate the association between vulnerability to stress and treatment outcome in male partners of couples submitted to IVF-ET. METHODS: The day of semen collection at the Assisted Reproduction Unit of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena, 45 subjects were submitted to Stroop Color Word Conflict, a task measuring the ability to cope with a cognitive stressor, involving the attentional and sympathoadrenal system. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate (HR), were measured at baseline, during the test and 10 min after the end of testing. The evidence of pregnancy (betahCG >250 mIU/ml 12 days after ET) is the main outcome measure; the couples were classed in either a 'success' or a 'failure' group. RESULTS: Thirteen couples became pregnant. Pregnancy progressed until term in 6 cases, while 7 cases showed only a preclinical evidence of pregnancy. Age, education, causes and duration of infertility were similar in the success and failure groups. No difference was found in the number and motility of spermatozoa both at baseline and after capacitation (a technique improving sperm motility). Moreover, the success group showed a higher number of both fertilized oocytes and embryos transferred compared with the failure group. The area under the curve of the cardiovascular parameters was calculated. The failure group showed a higher value for HR (50.6 +/- 36.7 of percent total change) than the success group (31.8 +/- 16.9; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The cardiovascular response to stress is a good correlate of success in infertile males submitted to the IVF-ET program.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Influence of antithyroid antibodies in euthyroid women on in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer outcome.

PROBLEM: To investigate whether antithyroid antibodies (ATAs) affect the pregnancy outcome in euthyroid women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). METHOD OF STUDY: Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOA) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGA) were measured by radioligand assay kits that were used as ATAs in 79 patients with tubal or unexplained infertility who were enrolled in an IVF-ET program. Women who were positive for antinuclear antibody, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin antibody, and rheumatoid factor were excluded from our study. The study group comprised 28 (29.1%) euthyroid women who were positive for TPOAs, TGAs, or both. Fifty-one euthyroid women without ATAs served as control subjects. The results were analyzed with linear regression analysis, Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, chi 2 test, and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the study group and the control group in patient characteristics such as age, infertility duration, and hormonal profile. There were also no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the number of retrieved oocytes, the fertilization rate, the number of embryos frozen, and the number of embryos transferred. There were no correlations between ATA (TPOA and TGA) titers and the fertilization rate. The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was significantly lower in the study group, with 26.3% (10/38), compared with 39.3% (35/89) in the control group. The biochemical pregnancy rate per cycle and the miscarriage rate were significantly higher in the study group, 18.4% (7/38) and 40.0% (4/10), respectively, compared with 5.6% (5/89) and 11.4% (4/35), respectively, in the control group. In the study group, both TPOA and TGA titers were significantly higher in the biochemical pregnancy group than in the clinical pregnancy group or the nonpregnancy group. In 10 women with ATAs who achieved pregnancy after IVF-ET, both TPOA and TGA titers were significantly higher in the miscarriage group than in the ongoing pregnancy/delivery group. CONCLUSION: ATAs in euthyroid women with tubal or unexplained infertility have an association with a poor pregnancy outcome after IVF-ET treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

High implantation rate and consequently high pregnancy rate by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer treatment in infertile women with antisperm antibody.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of antisperm immunity on postfertilization steps, such as implantation of embryos and fetal growth in IVF-ET treatment of women with sperm-immobilizing antibodies. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of clinical laboratory data. SETTING: The IVF-ET program of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The University of Tokushima, School of Medicine. PATIENTS: Eighteen women with sperm-immobilizing antibodies and 122 infertile patients with nonimmune etiology as controls. Infertile couples due to a male factor and with unknown etiology were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: All patients received the same IVF-ET program with GnRH agonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of fertilization and cleavage, implantation rate per embryo transferred and pregnancy rate (PR) in both test and comparison groups. RESULTS: The rate of fertilization in the antisperm group (61.3%) was significantly lower than that in the comparison group (76.8%). But the implantation rate per embryo transferred (23.5%) and consequently the modified PR per oocyte recovery procedure (34.4%) in immunologically infertile women were significantly higher than those in the comparison group (7.9% and 17.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although sperm-immobilizing antibodies prevent sperm-egg interaction, they do not seem to have any adverse effects on achievement of pregnancy. Moreover, the existence of antisperm immunity in woman with antisperm antibodies is suggested to be favorable for successful pregnancy by the IVF-ET procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Superovulation and embryo transfer in cattle.

About 17,000 bovine pregnancies were produced by superovulation and embryo transfer in North America in 1979. The major use of these techniques is to increase the reproductive rate of valuable cows. Other applications include circumventing infertility, exporting embryos, and testing potential carriers for Mendelian recessive alleles. Cryopreservation of embryos is beginning to be used commercially, and sexing embryos before transfer may soon become routine.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1996

The impact of endometrial preparation on implantation following cryopreserved-thawed-embryo transfer.

The efficacy of three protocols of endometrial preparation (spontaneous cycles, A: artificial preparation, B; ovarian stimulation, C) for cryopreserved-thawed human embryo transfer (CT-ET). The implantation and clinical pregnancy rates per cycle in 236 women undergoing 381 consecutive CT-ETs were evaluated according to the endometrial preparation protocol. No statistically significant difference was found in implantation rates per embryo transfer (A = 5.6%, B = 5.6%, C = 4.6%) and clinical pregnancy rates per cycle (A = 16.9%, B = 16.5%, C = 15.6%) between the three endometrial preparation protocols used. In conclusion, the specific method of endometrial preparation for CT-ET had no significant impact upon the implantation rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increased fertilization and pregnancy rate in polypronuclear fertilization cycles in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To compare fertilization and pregnancy rates between cycles with polypronuclear fertilizations and cycles with normal fertilizations. DESIGN: In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles in which oocytes were retrieved were divided into two groups according to the nature of fertilization. PATIENTS: All patients were participants of our IVF-ET program. RESULTS: A significantly higher fertilization rate was found in the polypronuclear fertilization cycles (61% versus 36.6%) and also an improved pregnancy rate (47.5% versus 19.6%) and per embryo transfers (53% versus 28.8%). The vast majority of polypronuclear fertilizations occurred in mature oocytes. CONCLUSION: We believe that the increased receptability of the oocytes improves fertilization and conception rates. The polypronuclear fertilization is an extreme expression of such improved receptibility and should be considered as an encouraging sign for conception.

Embryo Transfer↗
PubMed2006

[The application of co-culture system on the in vitro development of bovine somatic nuclear transferred embryos].

To establish a co-culture system of nuclear transferred embryos in bovine, effects of co-culture cell types, passages and cryopreservation as well as addition of BFF or FBS were investigated. The results showed that embryos co-cultured with oviductal epithelial cell and granulosa cell achieved significantly higher blastocyst rate compared with the control group (P < 0.05) and co-cultured with oviductal epithelial cell had more embryo cell number than those with granulosa cell. Passages of co-culture cells significantly affected the blastocyst rate and embryo cell number (P < 0.05), and cryopreservation decreased the blastocyst rate and embryo cell number remarkably. Supplemention of BFF increased blastocyste rate significantly (P < 0.05). In conclusion, co-cultured with fresh primary oviductal epithelial cell along with addition of 10% BFF in SOFaa could improve development of nuclear transferred bovine embryo in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of clomiphene citrate on serum hormone levels and endometrial thickness in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program.

Hormonal alterations and pregnancy rates were compared between the clomiphene citrate (CC)-hMG combination cycle and the hMG cycle alone in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. In the CC-hMG cycle, the numbers of follicles developed, oocytes recovered and embryos transferred were higher than those in the hMG cycle (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Pregnancy rates of the CC-hMG cycle (6.7%/operation, 7.1%/embryo transfer), however, were lower than those of the hMG cycle (25%/operation, 31.6%/embryo transfer). PRL levels in the hMG cycle increased according to estradiol levels. In the CC-hMG cycle, CC might inhibit estradiol-induced hyperprolactinemia and the increase was lower even if the estradiol level was much higher than that of the hMG cycle until day 2. On day 4, the PRL level in the CC-hMG cycle further increased. The thickness of endometrium on day -2 in the hMG cycle alone was much thicker than that in the CC-hMG cycle (9.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 6.8 +/- 0.4 mm, mean +/- SEM).

Clomiphene↗
PubMed1997

Twin pregnancy following transmyometrial-subendometrial embryo transfer for repeated implantation failure.

Most in-vitro fertilization (IVF) failures are due to failure of implantation. We present a case of a successful attempt at transvaginal/transmyometrial/subendometrial embryo transfer in a patient with seven previous failures in assisted conception cycles. We demonstrate achievement of a twin pregnancy, which resulted in the delivery of healthy twin girls in January 1997, following a novel technique of embryo transfer.

Embryo Implantation↗
PubMed1988

Ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, human menopausal gonadotropin versus pure human follicle stimulating hormone: a randomized prospective study.

A randomized, prospective study was conducted to compare ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) in an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. Minimal inclusion criteria included age less than or equal to 37, tubal infertility, regular menstrual cycles before IVF, and a normal semen analysis. Equivalent doses (225 IU/day) of either hMG (N = 20) or hFSH (N = 20) were administered, and the patients followed by serum estradiol (E2) levels and pelvic ultrasound. Parameters related to the ovarian response to therapy, the number and quality of ova recovered, and the cycle outcome were compared in the two groups using the Student's t-test and chi-square analysis. No difference was detected between the groups in peak E2 levels (828 +/- 78 versus 819 +/- 79 in the hMG and hFSH groups, respectively), day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (9.3 +/- 0.3 versus 9.7 +/- 1.01), occurrence of spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (44% versus 27%, P greater than 0.05, chi square analysis), average number of ova recovered (5.0 +/- 0.7 versus 5.6 +/- 1), ova maturation (7.5% versus 12.7% rate of immature ova), rate of normal and abnormal fertilization (9.2% versus 8.1% polyspermic fertilization), cleavage stage at transfer (3.6 +/- 0.4 versus 3.4 +/- 0.7 cells per embryos), the number of embryos transferred (2.5 +/- 0.3 versus 2.6 +/- 0.3), or the occurrence of pregnancy (1 in the hMG group and 2 in the hFSH group).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Gene expression and in vitro development of inter-species nuclear transfer embryos.

This study examined the chromatin morphology, in vitro development, and expression of selected genes in cloned embryos produced by transfer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) into the bovine ooplasm. After 6 hr of activation, inter-species nuclear transfer (NT) embryos (MEF-NT) had one (70%) or two pronuclei (20%), respectively. After 72 hr of culture in vitro, 62.6% of the MEF-NTs were arrested at the 8-cell stage, 31.2% reached the 2- to 4-cell stage, and only 6.2% had more than eight blastomeres, but none of these developed to the blastocyst stage. Whereas, 20% of NT embryos derived from bovine embryonic fibroblast fused with bovine ooplasm (BEF-NT) reached the blastocyst stage. Donor MEF nuclei expressing an Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) transgene resulted in 1- to 8-cell stage MEF-NT that expressed EGFP. The expression of selected genes was examined in 8-cell MEF-NTs, 8-cell mouse embryos, enucleated bovine oocytes, and MEFs using RT-PCR. The mRNA for heat shock protein 70.1 (Hsp 70.1) gene was detected in MEF-NTs and MEF, but not in mouse embryos. The hydroxy-phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) mRNA was found in normal mouse embryos and MEF but not in MEF-NTs. Expression of Oct-4 and embryonic alkaline phospatase (eAP) genes was only detected in normal mouse embryos and not in the inter-species NT embryos. Abnormal gene expression profiles were associated with an arrest in the development at the 8-cell stage, but MEF-NT embryos appeared to have progressed through gross chromatin remodeling, typical of intra-species NT embryos. Therefore, molecular reprogramming rather than chromatin remodeling may be a better indicator of nuclear reprogramming in inter-species NT embryos.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Proximal occlusion of hydrosalpinx by hysteroscopic placement of microinsert before in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: To describe proximal occlusion of a hydrosalpinx by hysteroscopic placement of a microinsert before IVF-ET. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Health maintenance organization and tertiary-care assisted reproductive technology unit. PATIENT(S): Obese, infertile woman with pelvic adhesive disease and unilateral hydrosalpinx. INTERVENTION(S): Hysteroscopic placement of a microinsert into the proximal segment of a fallopian tube that was distally obstructed by hydrosalpinx. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred with hysteroscopic placement of microinsert. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Nonincisional proximal tubal occlusion under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation. Pregnancy by IVF-ET. RESULT(S): No intraoperative or postoperative complications with hysteroscopic placement of microinsert were seen. After uterine transfer of three embryos, dichorionic-diamniotic twins were delivered by cesarean section at 34 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSIONS(S): Hysteroscopic placement of a microinsert to proximally occlude a hydrosalpinx might be an alternative to laparoscopic proximal tubal occlusion or salpingectomy in patients with tubal disease planning IVF-ET.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

OBJECTIVE: The combination of transvaginal sonography and serum hCG measurement is reliable in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (EP) in spontaneous pregnancies. In patients who became pregnant through IVF-ET, transfer of multiple embryos after IVF could be responsible for the different performance of these tests. We evaluated the discriminative capacity of transvaginal sonography in combination with hCG measurement in the diagnosis of EP after IVF-ET. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PATIENT(S): Consecutive patients, pregnant through IVF-ET, who presented with clinically suspected EP. INTERVENTION(S): Transvaginal sonography, serum hCG measurement at 6, 9, and 15 days after ET and after a negative transvaginal sonography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ectopic pregnancy confirmed at laparoscopy. RESULT(S): Between September 1993 and May 1996, 86 women were included in the study, of whom 24 had an EP. Transvaginal sonography identified 46 intrauterine pregnancies and 5 EPs, but serum hCG could not diagnose EPs in patients in whom transvaginal sonography did not show a gestational sac. Serum hCG measurement 9 days after ET could identify pregnancy failure with 100% specificity at a cut-off value of 18 IU/L, but it could not identify patients with EP with enough certainty to justify immediate treatment. CONCLUSION(S): We recommend single serum hCG measurement 9 days after ET to discriminate between viable and nonviable pregnancies. Transvaginal sonography can be postponed until 5 weeks after ET, except for patients with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding, or patients with a serum hCG level of < 18 IU/L.

Adult↗