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Results for “Eye Protective Devices”

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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Impact resistance of ophthalmic lenses of various strengths and the influence of frame design.

Protection of the eyes by safety type spectacle, sunglass and goggle lenses has received considerable attention in recent years. Such protection can be enhanced by design of the frame. We report from 476 lenses mounted in 238 frames and subjected to 9,397 impacts. Maximum blows were delivered by a one inch diameter steel ball falling from a height of 122 inches. Results indicated that the force required to fracture lenses in plastic frame mountings was more than twice that required for fracture of identical strength lenses in wire rims. Minus cylindrical lenses were the most frangible. The lowest fracture and posterior dislocation rates were found in industrial plastic frames with a retaining lip. Greater energy attenuation can be induced in a heat tempered glass lens by even edge compression. Good lens and frame design, when properly correlated, should provide impact attenuation distinctly exceeding conventional standards.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2001

The ocular and visual characteristics of an athletic population.

BACKGROUND: Nine hundred and thirty-nine athletes of various ages and from varying levels of competition were part of a sports vision epidemiology project conducted by the Sports Vision Service at the Illinois Eye Institute, Chicago, Illinois. METHODS: Data were collected from sports vision screenings conducted from 1992 to 1995. The population consisted of participants in the 1994 and 1995 AAU Junior Olympic Games, members of the DePaul, Elmhurst, Illinois and College of DuPage athletic departments, and members of two local high school basketball programs, DuSable and Dunbar. The data collected were analyzed to determine the use of eye care services and the visual characteristics present in these elite athletic populations. RESULTS: Analysis of the data showed that athletes competing at high levels of competition do have visual problems. Twenty five percent of our population had never had a complete eye examination, 29% had visual symptoms, and 28% had less than 20/25 acuity through their habitual sports prescription. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study imply that the athletic populations at all levels are in need of eye care services. Protective eyewear is not often used in this athletic population. Comparing the results found in our population to other reported results in the general population indicate similar rates of refractive error.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Nonprescription tinted eyewear optical accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: Nonprescription tinted eyewear, commonly referred to as noncorrective sunglasses or plano sun eyewear, often induce measurable amounts of prismatic deviation. With high-wrap eyewear this effect becomes more pronounced. The purpose of this project was to assess the amount of horizontal and vertical prismatic deviation induced by some popular premium plano sun eyewear intended for use by athletes. METHODS: Prismatic deviations for two identical pairs of high-wrap, steep base curve, plano sun eyewear from each of six prominent national brands were measured in both primary gaze and along a peripheral line of sight 30 degrees to the right of straight-ahead. RESULTS: Most of the eyewear induced base-out and base-down prism in each lens in primary gaze. All eyewear induced base-in prism with temporal gaze and base-out prism with nasal gaze at 30 degrees laterally. Most eyewear induced base-down prism with lateral gaze as well. CONCLUSIONS: Plano sun eyewear is often purchased for use in bright environments during visually demanding sports, such as golf, baseball, and volleyball. It is well-documented that athletes possess superior visual function as compared to nonathletes or lesser-level athletes. Further studies are indicated to determine the impact of this prism on the average wearer and the elite athlete.

Convergence, Ocular↗
PubMed2001

Welding essentials.

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Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

Department of defense eye injuries from fiscal year 1988-1998.

BACKGROUND: The U.S. Army Safety Center, U.S. Navy Safety Center, and U.S. Air Force Safety Center collect data on occupational injuries that occur in each respective military service. METHODS: An 11-year retrospective study of ground eye injuries collected by the Army Safety Center, Navy Safety Center, and Air Force Safety Center, from Fiscal Year (FY) 1988 through FY 1998 was performed. Demographic data analyzed included rank, gender, age, and military/civilian status. Injury data analyzed included severity of injury, eye protection use, injury cost, work days lost due to injury, and days hospitalized due to injury. RESULTS: Statistics for Department of Defense (DoD) eye injuries indicate the average military individual who sustains an eye injury is a 20- to 24-year-old male, E3-E5. This individual is not wearing eye protection and will lose an average of 5.9 days from work at a cost averaging $6,295. The average civil service employee who sustains an eye injury is a WG6-10 who is a 30- to 39-year-old male. This individual is not wearing eye protection and will lose an average of 3.5 days from work at a cost averaging $1,598. Statistically significant differences in the numbers of eye injuries were observed between military occupational groups. In addition, incidence rates between military occupational groups were statistically significant. Category 1, Infantry, Gun Crews, and Seamanship Specialists, has the highest count of injuries and Category 7, Craftsworkers, has the highest incidence. CONCLUSIONS: Proactive vision conservation education at local levels needs to focus on these military occupational groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Useful tools for prone position: ProneView and OPTI-GARD].

For prone position except for neurosurgery or cervical spinal surgery, head and neck are usually turned sideways on the pillow. This position has a risk of injuries to eyes, nose, lips, ears, or facial nerve and inducing neck pain after surgery. We introduce new tools to avoid these complications from prone position. The ProneView consists of a plastic helmet with a window for eyes, nose and mouth, a sponge to fit the face attached to the helmet, and a mirror to watch eyes, nose and lips. The OPTI-GARD is the glasses made by a sponge with a plastic windows to protect eyes. Using the ProneView and the OPTI-GARD together, patient's neck and head can be kept at neutral position with eyes, nose, lips, and ears being kept free from any pressure. In addition, we can check the position of the face easily by mirror. Therefore, the ProneView and the OPTI-GARD must be useful to decrease injuries to eyes, nose, lips, ears, and facial nerve, and neck pain in prone position.

Eye Protective Devices↗
PubMed1975

Eye injuries in Canadian hockey.

Increasing public concern led the Canadian Ophthalmological Society, in January 1974, to form a committee to study the incidence, types and causes of hockey eye injuries and to devise means of reducing such injuries. Retrospective and current studies were undertaken, and face protectors were tested. In both pilot studies, sticks were the commonest cause and the highest number of eye injuries was in players 11-15 years old. An average of 15% of all injured eyes were rendered legally blind. Cooperation with hockey authorities has resulted in changed rules and their sticter enforcement, and formulation of standards for face protection approved by the Canadian Standards Association. In this interim report the committee recommends that all amateur hockey players wear eye protectors and urges ophthalmologists to participate in efforts to improve the design of protective equipment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Ocular trauma from paintball-pellet war games.

BACKGROUND: We studied ocular injuries and visual outcome after blunt trauma from paintball pellets. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed cases of ocular injury from paintball pellets occurring over 32 months. RESULTS: Ten cases of ocular injury from paintball pellets were recorded. Most patients (9) were injured at home or at a friend's home; only 1 was injured at a war game facility. Six patients had surgery. Final visual acuity was 20/25 or better in 6 patients, 20/30 to 20/50 in 2 patients, 20/60 to 20/100 in 2 patients, and 20/200 in 1 patient. Traumatic maculopathy and epiretinal membrane formation were determinants of worse final visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS: Paintball pellet ocular injuries occur more frequently at home than at war game facilities. Advanced surgical techniques offer decreased ocular morbidity and improved visual acuity. Decreasing visual morbidity from paintball pellets requires public education, proper product labeling, and packaging of eye protection with all paintball-related products.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prediction of clinical response to transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression by baseline lateral visual-field stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: We examined whether baseline-affective responses to lateral visual-field stimulation could predict clinical responses to left, prefrontal, transcranial, magnetic stimulation (TMS) in patients who are depressed. BACKGROUND: Schiffer et al have reported that left and right lateral visual-field stimulation can often evoke different (positive versus negative) psychologic responses in a given patient. Some had improvements while looking to the left and others while looking to the right. METHODS: We asked 37 patients who were severely depressed and resistant to treatment (26 women, 11 men) to report changes in affective state in response to two pairs of goggles, each allowing vision out of either the left or right visual field. We then evaluated whether these responses predicted clinical responses to TMS as measured by the percent decrease in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS.4%) scores between baseline and 4 weeks (2 weeks after a 2-week course of daily TMS). RESULTS: The 20 patients who felt more improvement with right than left lateral visual-field stimulation with 45-second baseline goggle trials had a 42% (+/- SD 22.2) reduction in HSDR.4%. The 15 patients who felt more improvement looking to the left than to the right had an 11% (+/- SD 28.4) decrease in HSDR.4%. Seventy-five percent of the 20 patients in the first group had a decrease in HSDR.4% more than 20%, and 80% of the 15 in the second group had a decrease in this score of less than 20%. A two-tailed Fisher exact test showed a significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Baseline affective responses to lateral visual-field stimulation predicted clinical responses to left, frontal TMS in depressed patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Infection control among dentists in private practice in Durban.

The general fear, superstition and alarm surrounding HIV/AIDS warrant that the highest standards of care be available to our patients. A survey on infection control was undertaken in Durban to assess the current state of infection control procedures among dentists in private practice. A self-administered 44-item questionnaire was hand-delivered to a random sample of 75 dentists (31.3%)--see comments in Methods--in private practice. The response rate was 90.7% (68 dentists). The routine use of gloves, masks, and protective eyewear was reported by 97.1%, 82.4% and 52.9% of dentists respectively. Although 89.7% of dentists had autoclaves in their practices, only 45.2% autoclaved their high speed handpieces and 39.7% their slow handpieces. Almost 60% of dentists did not use rubber dam at all whilst 46.3% did not disinfect impressions before sending them to the laboratory. Approximately 6% of respondents reported re-using local anaesthetic cartridges and 1.5% re-used needles. Needlestick injuries in the previous six months were reported by 13.8% of dentists but two thirds of them did not follow any specific protocol after injury. Almost 90 per cent of dentists were immunised against Hepatitis B but more than 60% of their staff were not. The results of the study showed that adherence to universally accepted guidelines for infection control remain low amid a climate of an ever-increasing HIV pandemic.

Adult↗