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PubMedDate not supplied

Determining the pathway of the blink reflex through transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the facial nerve over the stylomastoid foramen.

The afferent pathway of the late response (R2 component) of the blink reflex in response to transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the facial nerve over the stylomastoid foramen remains uncertain. The two major hypotheses regarding the afferent pathway of R2 are that it may consist of either the trigemino-facial or the facio-facial reflex. This study was performed to determine the afferent pathway of R2. Ninety-one patients with acute unilateral peripheral facial palsy and 21 controls were studied. The degree of facial nerve damage was classified into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe according to their electroneurographic value. In each group, the appearance rate, latency, and area under the curve of contralateral R2 elicited by electrical stimulation of the injured facial nerve over the stylomastoid foramen were measured and compared with those of controls. The contralateral R2 parameters did not differ between the patient groups and the controls. The results indicate that the afferent pathway of R2 is mediated not only through the facial nerve. We conclude that the auriculotemporal nerve (V3) and the great auricular nerve (C2, C3) may also contribute to the afferent pathway of R2.

Blinking↗
PubMed2002

Retroperitoneal schwannoma extending into the intravertebral foramen.

A 35-year-old Japanese man first visited the hospital for episodes of numbness in the right medial femoral region and loss of muscular strength in the right thigh. A CT scan of the abdomen showed a 10 x 9-cm well-circumscribed in homogeneous multilayered mass, in contact with the lumbar vertebrae. MRI demonstrated a hypodense and hyperdense mixed mass. Tumor extension into the L(2)/L(3) intravertebral foramen was shown. To avoid spinal cord damage, we chose enucleation of the tumor in the intravertebral foramen. A follow-up CT after 1 year showed no evidence of a recurrent mass. In conclusion, we advocate the nerve-sparing operation in cases like that of our patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Migraine and patent foramen ovale: A residual coincidence or a pathophysiological intrigue?

Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders and one of the most frequent primary headaches. It imposes a significant burden on the affected individuals, society and health care system. As the etiology and pathophysiology of migraine are not well understood, treatment is largely symptomatic. Patent foramen ovale is a remnant of a fetal circulation and is highly prevalent in the general population. Its presence was linked to several disorders including migraine. The aim of this review was to search in the available data the answer to the question whether the link between migraine and patent foramen ovale is coincidental or whether they represent a pathophysiological entity.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1985

Foramen ovale electrodes: a new technique enabling presurgical evaluation of patients with mesiobasal temporal lobe seizures.

A recently developed technique to record from the mesiobasal aspect of the temporal lobes by subdural electrodes inserted through the foramen ovale is described. Experience with this technique in 13 candidates for surgical epilepsy therapy is presented. Our results indicate that interictal epileptiform potentials as well as ictal discharges are reliably picked up by the foramen ovale electrode whenever nucleus amygdallae, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus show synchronous epileptic activity. The advantages of this technique are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Resistance of the foramen of Monro.

A greyhound dog model was used to study the importance of the foramen of Monro as a resistance element to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Normal dogs had no pressure differential discernible despite the infusion of artificial CSF into one lateral ventricle. When CSF was withdrawn from one lateral ventricle, however, 7 of 10 dogs showed intraventricular pressure differentials at a steady state of 3.28-5.37 mm Hg. All normal dogs undergoing rapid bolus withdrawal of CSF from the ventricles developed pressure differentials. When these experiments were performed on hydrocephalic dogs, no pressure differential could be recorded. The foramen of Monro acts as a valve mechanisms that usually closes in response to CSF withdrawals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Absence of the mental foramen in dry human mandibles.

The absence of the mental foramen was investigated in 1,435 dry human mandibles (2,870 sides). The foramen was absent twice in the right side (0.06%) and once in the left side (0.03%). The meaning of this anatomical variation was commented.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Dumbbell-shaped schwannoma of the jugular foramen.

A 49-year-old male patient with schwannoma of the jugular foramen is described. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium showed an enhanced dumbbell-shaped mass with its smaller part occupying the left cerebellopontine angle and its larger part in left parapharyngeal space. The mass was totally removed with a left mastoidectomy and suboccipital craniotomy. The dura mater was closed with anterior lamina of the rectus sheath, and the large defect of the neck was obliterated with free rectus abdominis muscular flap. The postoperative course was uneventful, except for some sputum aspiration and hoarseness. He underwent surgical mediation and cricopharyngeal myotomy for his left, paralyzed vocal cord, and both speech and swallowing function improved quite well. This paper reports our experience in managing this dumbbell-shaped neurinoma of the jugular foramen.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale caused by pulmonary hypertension associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome: a case report.

This case report presents a fifty-four-year-old woman with right-to-left shunt in the atrium. It seemed clinically at first that the shunt was due to atrial septal defect. However, she also had pulmonary disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome. At autopsy atrial septal defect was not evident, but a patent foramen ovale and pulmonary artery disease were observed. This case suggests that pulmonary hypertension secondary to rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome could lead to right-to-left shunting through a patent foramen ovale.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1999

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with a patent foramen ovale in an 81-year-old man--a case report.

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries is a rare cardiac anomaly with a poor prognosis. In this report, the authors describe an 81-year-old man admitted to the hospital with generalized fatigue, chest pain, and cyanosis. Computed tomography and cardiac catheterization revealed corrected transposition of the great arteries. Transesophageal echocardiography disclosed moderate right atrioventricular regurgitation and a right-to-left shunt across a patent foramen ovale during systole. Because this patient had no other congenital cardiac anomalies, the right-to-left shunt through the patent foramen ovale was thought to be the major cause of cyanosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Recurrent pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland involving the osseous external auditory canal. With a note on the foramen of Huschke.

A recurrence of a parotid pleomorphic adenoma presenting as an external ear canal mass is reported. The route of extension was radiographically documented as an incompletely closed foramen of Huschke. The historical and developmental features of this foramen and the mechanisms of tumor extension as they relate to it are discussed.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2006

Locked overlapping dislocation of the pubic symphysis into the obturator foramen: a case report.

A 20-year-old man sustained an overlapping dislocation of the pubic symphysis following a low velocity side-to-side compression injury. Such injuries are rare in the literature. This case, where the pubis was locked into the obturator foramen, may be the first of its kind to be reported. The pubic symphysis was successfully reduced by levering, with difficulty, the locked pubic body out of the left obturator foramen. As the reduction was unstable, the pubic symphysis was fixed with 2 reconstruction plates. The patient was able to mobilise fully after 3 months and returned to work. At 18 months' follow-up he was able to void urine normally after urethral repair.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The influence of patent foramen ovale on oxygen desaturation in obstructive sleep apnoea.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with oxygen desaturation to a varying degree. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) may allow interatrial right-to-left shunting. The hypothesis of the current study was that oxygen desaturation will occur more often, in proportion to the frequency of respiratory disturbances, in OSA subjects with PFO than in those without. In a group of 209 subjects diagnosed with OSA, the proportion of desaturation to respiratory events was calculated as the ratio of oxygen desaturation index (ODI)/apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI). A total of 15 cases with high proportional desaturation (ODI/AHI >or=0.66) were individually matched with 15 controls with low proportional desaturation (ODI/AHI or=20 bubbles passed over from the right to the left atrium after a single injection. The prevalence of large PFO was nine out of 15 (60%) in the high proportional desaturation group versus two out of 15 (13%) in the low proportional desaturation group. The median number of passing bubbles was positively correlated to minimum oxygen saturation among those with PFO. In conclusion, oxygen desaturation occurs more often, in proportion to the frequency of respiratory disturbances, in obstructive sleep apnoea subjects with a patent foramen ovale than in those without.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

The association of patent foramen ovale and atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

UNLABELLED: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with considerable morbidity and increased resource utilization after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In this study, we sought to determine whether patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal aneurysm are associated with an increased risk of postoperative AF in this patient population. We performed a database study on 1008 patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass graft surgery. All patients were assessed for the development of postoperative AF from the day of surgery to hospital discharge. Atrial septal defects were identified during comprehensive intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic examination. Postoperative AF was present in 124 (12.3%) patients. Patients with AF were significantly older and had a more frequent incidence of preoperative congestive heart failure, longer cross-clamp time, and prolonged hospital length of stay. PFO was present in 72 (7.1%) and atrial septal aneurysm in 23 (2.3%) patients. In these patients, postoperative AF was present in 14 (19.4%) patients with PFO and 8 (34.8%) patients with atrial septal aneurysm. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that PFO (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 1.007-3.778; P = 0.047), age (OR, 1.03; 1.015-1.053; P = 0.0004), and history of congestive heart failure (OR, 2.55; 1.671-3.900; P < 0.0001) were predictive of postoperative AF. IMPLICATIONS: The presence of patent foramen ovale is associated with new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. This finding requires further validation in future prospective trials.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Tumors of the jugular foramen: diagnosis and management.

OBJECTIVE: Jugular foramen tumors are rare cranial base lesions that present diagnostic and management difficulties. With the availability of new diagnostic procedures these tumors have been more precisely studied and questions of whether, when, and how these lesions should be treated often arise. Data from 106 consecutive patients surgically treated in the past 17 years were retrospectively analyzed to identify surgical outcomes. METHODS: The tumors were approached by a multidisciplinary team composed of neurosurgeons, ear, nose, and throat surgeons, and neuroradiologists. Hypervascular lesions were embolized 3 to 5 days before surgery. The same surgical technique was used to resect all tumors. The surgical defect was covered with vascularized myofascial flaps. The internal carotid artery was infiltrated in two patients, and a saphenous graft bypass was carried out before removal of the lesions. The facial nerve was reconstructed with nerve grafts (great auricular nerve) or XII/VII anastomosis in five cases. Postoperative radiotherapy was carried out for malignant and invasive tumors. RESULTS: Paragangliomas were the most frequent lesions, followed by schwannomas and meningiomas. Complete excision was possible in 89% of benign tumors and 80% of paragangliomas. Lower cranial nerve deficit was the most frequent complication (10 patients, 9.4%), transient in 4 patients. Facial and cochlear nerve paralysis occurred in 8 patients (7.5%). The function of the facial nerve recovered spontaneously in 3 patients. Four patients (3.7%) developed postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Four patients (3.7%) died after surgery. CONCLUSION: Radical removal of benign jugular foramen tumors is the treatment of choice and may be curative. Large lesions can be radically excised in one surgical procedure with preservation of lower cranial nerves. Cranial base reconstruction with vascularized myofascial flaps reduces the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Damage of the lower cranial nerves is the most serious surgical complication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Schwannomas of the jugular foramen.

Schwannoma is an important entity in the differential diagnosis of the enlarged jugular foramen. Our recent experience with 4 consecutive large schwannomas over a 12-month period is presented. As these tumors are usually less vascular than glomus jugulare tumors, they are frequently more amenable to surgical extirpation. Radiologic clues to their identity include discrete borders and less angiographic vascularity when compared with glomus jugulare tumors. Our operative treatment of these cases has evolved to include preoperative embolization with Ivalon sponge particles, followed by a lateral temporal bone resection in exposing the jugular foramen. A posterior fossa craniotomy is done as a second stage when necessary. This staging allows for less morbidity and greater chance for total tumor removal. The surgical technique and relevant anatomy are reviewed and illustrated.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Anophthalmia and retinal degeneration associated with stenosis of the optic foramen in Fischer 344 rats.

Bilateral anophthalmia was discovered in a male rat (No. 1) and unilateral anophthalmia was found in the left eye of two female rats (Nos. 2 and 3) derived from a Fischer 344 inbred colony. One male rat (No. 4), a littermate of No. 3, had externally normal eyes, but his left eye had severe retinal atrophy, which was detected by ophthalmoscopy. The eyelids in both eyes of No. 1 and in the left eyes of Nos. 2 and 3 were present. Radiography of the skull revealed small optic foramina on both sides of No. 1 and on the affected side of Nos. 2, 3, and 4. Histologically, both globes and optic nerves (ONs) of No. 1 and the left globe and ONs of Nos. 2 and 3 were completely missing. Diffuse retinal degeneration in the left globe and axonal degeneration in the left ON and the right optic tract were observed in No. 4. Dysplasia of the sphenoid bone associated with stenosis of the optic foramen was detected on the affected side of all rats. Thus, ON aplasia in anophthalmic rats and atrophic ON in a rat with retinal degeneration seem to be closely related to stenosis of the optic foramen.

Animals↗