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PubMed1993

A comprehensive assessment plan for professional preparation programs in health education at Eastern Illinois University.

Federal- and state-mandated criteria for accountability have promoted an "assessment movement" in higher education. The federal focus caused higher education's regional accrediting bodies to place greater emphasis on assessment for institutional accountability. Numerous approaches have been identified for the assessment process including comprehensive examinations, evaluation by alumni and internship preceptors, and self-report data by students. The Role Delineation Project Curriculum Framework also has been useful in assessing curricula. Strategies used in a comprehensive assessment plan for the Health Studies Dept. at Eastern Illinois University include focus group interviews, Departmental Advisory Council review, and assessment by internship preceptors. Data indicate the professional preparation program adequately prepares students in Responsibilities I, II, III, IV, and VII. Further consideration will be given to revising the curriculum to include material to prepare students in competencies required for Responsibilities V and VI.

Accreditation↗

PubMed1996

Objectively assessing nursing practices: a curricular development.

In preparation for the changing needs of undergraduate nursing students undertaking a Project 2000 degree, it was necessary to rethink the nursing skills programme. After studying the literature a nursing skills laboratory was designed which provided both an institutional and a domestic setting. A progressive programme was developed, to help the students learn nursing practices, which was based on the Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE). A small pilot study was set up using second and third-year students from the traditional nursing studies degree. A number of stations were set up comprising various nursing scenarios. The students who were being assessed rotated through these. Other students acted as patients, examiners and some volunteered to be novices being taught by the more senior students. A set of marking criteria was drawn up for each station to enable each student to be assessed objectively. One of the stations was filmed to provide the students with personal feedback. By the end of the session the students had rotated through each of the stations and received the marked criteria as feedback. At the end of the session a focused group interview took place with all the students and the two lecturers involved in setting up the project. Students were positive and felt the process had potential for future development as a means of integration and consolidation of skills prior to clinical experience. The early introduction of filming to the programme was though to be of benefit by reducing stress levels through regular use. Students felt that the role of teaching the 'novice' helped them focus on their knowledge and performance. This process is resource intensive in human and non-human terms but enables small groups of students to learn in a realistic but safe, non-threatening environment and encourages them to take responsibility for their own learning.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of the response to Poole's algorithm education programme by aged care facility staff.

AIM: To evaluate the response of residential aged care facility staff to the education programme--Poole's Algorithm: Nursing management of disturbed behaviour in aged care facilities. DESIGN: Descriptive study, aged care setting. METHOD: Following offers to all facilities in a large area health service, 104 senior staff took the opportunity to participate in train-the-trainer programs and then returned pre and post knowledge evaluation questionnaires for 190 of their own staff that they had trained, using the program, over a three month period. Thirty six of those trainers then shared their views of the usability and effectiveness of the program in focus group interviews. RESULTS: The questionnaire analysis showed statistically significant improvements in overall knowledge for the trainers with 19.2% correct answers pre education and 91.3% correct afterwards, a difference of 71.1%. Overall, the staff trained by the trainers improved from 12.6% correct to 59.5% post education, a difference of 46.8%. In particular, the trainers' recognition of delirium as a cause for disturbed behaviour improved from 39.4% to 97.15% and the staff from 24.7% to 75.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Concern was raised about the poor understanding of mental health problems such as personality and anxiety disorders. Analysis and coding of the focus group transcriptions showed improvements in attitudes and practice. Recommendations are made for the instigation of ongoing train-the-trainer sessions using this program and the replication of this study in the acute and community sectors.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Exploring the role of the mental health nurse in community mental health care for the aged.

There is currently considerable discussion about the impact of the aging population on the demand for health care services, however there is considerably less attention paid to the impact of mental health issues on the needs of the aged population. Nurses comprise the largest professional group within the mental health workforce in Australia. The availability of a high quality mental health nursing workforce will therefore be crucial to meeting the health needs of aging clients in the future, accompanied by an increased pressure to increase the proportion of care delivered in the community. There is however, a paucity of literature on the role and contribution of community mental health nurses specialising in the aged care field. The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a project designed to examine the role of mental health nursing within aged persons' community mental health teams in Victoria, Australia, with particular emphasis on the biopsychosocial interventions used. Fifteen participants from three community mental health services in Victoria participated in a focus group interview to share their insights and experiences. Data analysis revealed two main themes, the role of the nurse, and the specific functions of the nurse. This data is presented as a beginning contribution to the paucity of literature currently available in this important area.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Assessment of the quality of interaction in distance learning programmes utilizing the Internet or interactive television: perceptions of students and lecturers.

WebCT, a web-based virtual learning environment (VLE) and Interactive TV (ITV) are relatively new technologies that are used to deliver distance education at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University. This study explores how effective current approaches to instructional design and interaction have been in utilizing these two technologies to support interaction and what lessons can be learnt. Five focus-group interviews were held with students and lecturers to assess the perceived quality of student-lecturer/student-student interactions. All students were invited to complete a questionnaire at the end of every module to assess their perceptions of interaction. Interaction was highly valued by students and lecturers participating in distance-learning programmes utilizing either VLE or ITV. Students rated courses using both technologies as moderately interactive. Significant differences between VLE and ITV were detected in student-lecturer and student-student interactions, use of additional modes of communication, instructional design, technological interactivity and social rapport activities. The groups did not differ across a number of likely barriers to interaction and both also reported the need for more flexible and better paced instructional designs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Participant survey in the intervention of intestinal helminthiasis transmission (satellite city of Paranoá -- Federal District].

This work was developed in the Paranoá city town of the Federal District of Brazil. It used techniques of participative research with the aim of reducing intestinal helminths transmission in a group of children at nutritional risk. The family nucleus, that is, parents, children and other relatives living together in the same house, was used as reference for this research. All steps of the work were followed simultaneously by technical and educative actions. The technical actions were related to faecal examinations and medication. The educative process, stimulated critical analysis and reflections on the central problem and life conditions, with a strong focus on Health Promotion to improve life quality, as well as an empowerment process. During the work development, of the action program included the following steps: home visits, interviews, group meetings, feedback on the faeces examinations results and treatment. An evaluation of the final results was made through quantitative and qualitative methods, which showed the construction, acquisition and socialisation of knowledge.

Brazil↗

PubMed1999

Therapeutic massage: an education program for rural and remote workers in the palliative care field.

This paper, drawing upon data from a Rural Health, Support, Education and Training (RHSET) funded project, focuses on the evaluation of a massage education program developed specifically for rural and remote palliative care workers. An 8 week pilot massage education course was run for palliative care workers in the Albury-Wodonga area and, from this course, an instructional video education package on massage has been developed. The program was evaluated by using a questionnaire, journals and focus group interviews. Feedback from participants was incorporated into both the pilot course and final education package, which was consistent with the action research framework. The major findings of the project were that skill development in the therapeutic use of massage was attained and that job satisfaction was indeed achieved by palliative care workers.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2003

Consumer participation in acute care settings: an Australian experience.

Consumer partnerships have been embraced as an important component of building high quality health care services. While nurses have the greatest contact with clients in hospital, little is known of their views about consumer participation or how they facilitate that participation at the bedside. Using focus group interviews and participant observation methods, this project explored nurses' approaches to working with consumers to support their participation in health care delivery. Findings indicate a sharp contrast between the ideas that nurses expressed and the actions observed in practice. It was clear from the interviews that nurses had adopted the rhetoric surrounding consumer participation, yet observational data revealed nursing practices that excluded active participation by consumers. Factors influencing nurses' facilitation of consumer participation were identified as the division of nursing labour in the setting, limited communication between nurses and patients and environmental constraints.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2006

Socioeconomic differences in glaucoma patients' knowledge, need for information and expectations of treatments.

PURPOSE: To study the specific items for which socioeconomic differences in glaucoma patients' knowledge, need for information and expectations of treatments exist, with the aim of developing a patient education programme. METHODS: A total of 44 randomly selected ophthalmologists assigned 166 consecutive outpatient glaucoma patients to complete a questionnaire that had been systematically developed based on focus group interviews, suggestions from several experts and a pilot test. Topics included knowledge about glaucoma and its treatment, need for information and expectations of treatment. Educational level was used as a measure for socioeconomic status. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to adjust for age, sex and duration of glaucoma. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex and duration of glaucoma, knowledge of glaucoma and its treatment was found to be positively correlated with socioeconomic status. Items on knowledge with socioeconomic differences concerned risk factors, pathophysiology and consequences of glaucoma, as well as effects and adverse effects of treatments. The lowest socioeconomic group demonstrated more need for information on public assistance and practical aspects of glaucoma and more often expected that glaucoma damage could be repaired. CONCLUSION: Important socioeconomic differences in knowledge, need for information and expectations of treatment exist in glaucoma patients. Patient education should focus on every glaucoma patient, but better information for the lower socioeconomic groups about specific items mentioned in this study might reduce the negative effects of low socioeconomic status on visual impairment.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Identifying barriers to the administration of HIV medications to county correctional facility inmates.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of HIV medication administration at a county correctional facility. Anecdotal data suggested serious barriers to the process. Professional and licensed practical nursing staff practicing at a New Jersey county correctional facility participated in focus group interviews designed to discuss the process of medication administration and potential barriers to that process. Analysis of data revealed five contextual themes: uniqueness of the county correctional facility setting, barriers perceived by nursing staff, inmates' perceptions of HIV infection, internal systems' barriers, and the role of systems external to the correctional facility.

Anti-HIV Agents↗

PubMed2004

An explorative study of the relationship between lifestyle and driving behaviour among young drivers.

The high accident risk among young drivers is a well-known and well-documented fact in most countries, including Denmark. Lifestyle has proven to be related to driving behaviour as well as accident risk among young drivers. However, the underlying process through which the relationship between the lifestyle and the driving behaviour is established is not yet fully understood. Using focus group interviews divided by sex and education this study explores the psychosocial function of driving as well as the process through which a relationship between lifestyle and driving behaviour is established. Twenty-nine young drivers living in the Copenhagen area participated in the study. Data were analysed using a modified version of the Editing Analysis Style.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

An interpretive study of the nurse teacher's role in practice placement areas.

The role of the nurse teacher in the clinical area is widely debated in the literature, however there are few research studies that focus exclusively on this issue. Of note is the particular dearth of research from a Scottish perspective. This article reports on a research study which was designed to illuminate nurse teachers' experiences regarding their role in the practice placement area. An interpretive research approach was used in order to gain an understanding of the role of the nurse teacher in the clinical area. The study involved 18 nurse teachers, from three nursing departments across Scotland, taking part in focus group interviews. Five main themes are reported in this article: being an advisor, being a supporter, being a regulator, being an interpreter and being a networker. Findings from the study revealed that the nurse teachers have a multifaceted role which includes providing advice and support to trained staff and students, regulating professional standards, interpreting assessment documentation and networking with clinical staff.

Counseling↗

PubMed1998

The birds, the bees ... and the sperm banks: how lesbian mothers talk with their children about sex and reproduction.

Findings are presented from a thematic content analysis of individual and group interviews in which 26 lesbian mothers were asked about their concerns, values, and hopes regarding their children's sex education; about what they have done and plan to do with regard to sex education; and about how they evaluate their efforts to date. Themes, linked to the children's age, are described and illustrated with vignettes and observations from the participants.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Evaluation of the notification procedure for physician-assisted death in the Netherlands.

BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands, a notification procedure for physician-assisted death has been in use since 1991. It requires doctors to report each case to the coroner, who in turn notifies the public prosecutor. Ultimately, the Assembly of Prosecutors General decides whether to prosecute. Although physician-assisted death remains technically illegal, doctors are extremely unlikely to be prosecuted if they comply with the requirements for accepted practice. In 1995, the ministers of health and justice commissioned an evaluation to determine the adequacy of the notification procedure. METHODS: A random sample of 405 physicians were interviewed. We also interviewed 147 physicians who had reported cases of physician-assisted death and 116 coroners, and we reviewed 353 judicial files of reported cases. In addition, we interviewed 48 public prosecutors and reviewed the minutes of the Assembly of Prosecutors General for 1991 to 1995 and all published court decisions from 1981 through 1995. RESULTS: In 1995, about 41 percent of all cases of euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide were reported. There were no major differences between reported and unreported cases in terms of the patients' characteristics, clinical conditions, or reasons for the action. Most patients had cancer and were described as suffering "unbearably" and 'hopelessly." Of the 6324 cases reported during the period from 1991 through 1995, only 13 involved prosecution of the physician. The majority of respondents in the groups interviewed thought that all cases of physician-assisted death should be reviewed, although most doctors thought the review should be performed by other doctors, and there was substantial concern about the burden associated with the reporting procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial progress in the oversight of physician-assisted death has been achieved in the Netherlands. The reporting procedure could be more streamlined and less threatening.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1999

From recipes to recetas: health beliefs and health care encounters in the rural Dominican Republic.

With the growing influx of immigrants from the Dominican Republic entering the U.S. yearly, it is important for nurses to become familiar with their traditional health beliefs and health care experiences. The purpose of this study was: (a) to identify health beliefs of rural Dominicans and (b) to describe health care encounters between rural Dominicans and a visiting team of U.S. nurses. The data on health beliefs were collected in six focus groups and were analyzed using content analysis techniques. Health encounter data were collected from 693 Dominicans as they presented to mobile clinics for care. Findings from the focus group interviews suggested that health beliefs fall into two major categories: physical and spiritual/mystical. The most frequently occurring health problems, summaries of medications dispensed, treatments provided, referrals made, and health teaching information are presented.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Exploring seniors' views on the use of assistive devices in fall prevention.

Falls are a common barrier to independent living among elderly persons. In recent years, growing awareness of the incidence of falls has led to the development of many community-based fall prevention programs for older adults. However, the potential impact of these programs is diminished by the lack of research on factors that may influence older persons' decisions to adopt or reject fall prevention behaviors. This exploratory descriptive study employed a focus group approach to elicit qualitative data on seniors' views on the use of assistive devices in fall prevention. Four focus group interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 30 community-living older adults from Italian- and British-Canadian backgrounds in Ottawa, Canada. The interviews documented personal experiences with and the meaning of falls, aging, and assistive device use for older adults. The findings have important implications for the public health nursing practice in the realms of individual counseling, social marketing, and policy change to prevent falls among elderly persons. The study also provides direction for future research on this topic.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A qualitative perspective of barriers to health-promoting behaviors of African Americans.

African American mortality and morbidity rates remain alarmingly high. Implementation of health promotion strategies can be effective in reducing these rates. Yet, African American health-promoting behaviors remain inadequate. Exploration of perceived barriers to implementing health-promoting behaviors from a qualitative perspective may lead to a better understanding of African American barriers to healthier lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers to health promotion for African Americans from a qualitative perspective. Focus group interviews were held in two southeastern states. The results yielded three themes. These were cost, lack of discipline versus not having enough time, and a lack of motivation. When health care professionals develop treatment strategies for African Americans, these barriers should be considered to aid in the development of more efficacious plans of care.

Black or African American↗

PubMed2005

An investigation into adult nursing students' experience of the relevance and application of behavioural sciences (biology, psychology and sociology) across two different curricula.

Curriculum development for nurse education is constantly changing to reflect the sociopolitical context and medical advancement. Throughout this process the contribution of the behavioural sciences to each curriculum has been widely debated. Nurse educators encourage students to acquire and develop academic knowledge to underpin their practical skills and professional competencies. However with new political agendas science content within the new curricula is being marginalised, [United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing Midwifery and Health Visiting, 1999. Fitness for Practice. London, UKCC]. This qualitative study investigated adult branch nursing students' experiences of the behavioural sciences while studying two different curricula: one a new integrated delivery of the sciences, the other involving discrete science modules. The study utilised focus group interviews at two distinct phases of their courses: 12-18 and 24-30 months. Each interview was tape recorded, transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis [Hayes, N., 1997. Doing Qualitative Analysis in Psychology. Psychology Press Erlbaum Taylor & Francis Ltd.] was applied. This article reports the findings and discusses the relevance of the sciences to students and their patient care, and how the sciences underpin their view of health and illness.

Adult↗