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Results for “INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE”

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PubMed1990

Intraocular pressure during rapid sequence induction: use of moderate-dose sufentanil or fentanyl and vecuronium or atracurium.

We studied the effect of rapid sequence induction of anaesthesia on intraocular pressure in physically fit, ASA class I or II patients using combinations of sufentanil (1 microgram/kg), or fentanyl (5 micrograms/kg) and vecuronium (0.2 mg/kg) or atracurium (1.0 mg/kg). All patients received thiopentone (5 mg/kg), following which those in group 1 received sufentanil and vecuronium, group 2 sufentanil and atracurium, group 3 fentanyl and vecuronium, and group 4 fentanyl and atracurium. Laryngoscopy and intubation were performed 60 seconds after induction. Intraocular pressure was measured prior to induction, 30 and 60 seconds after induction, immediately after intubation, and postintubation for 5 minutes. Postinduction and postintubation intraocular pressure values in all four groups did not exceed baseline values. We conclude that in fit patients, the combination of thiopentone, moderate dose narcotics, and an appropriate dose of vecuronium or atracurium produces satisfactory conditions for intubation following rapid sequence induction without increases in intraocular pressure. This technique should not, however, be employed when multiple other injuries are present, along with an open eye.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Effect of a single drop of latanoprost on intraocular pressure and blood-aqueous barrier permeability in patients with uveitis.

The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effect of a single drop of latanoprost on the intraocular pressure and blood-aqueous barrier permeability in 8 patients with uveitis. The degree of inflammation was determined by the intensity of aqueous flare measured with a laser flare cell meter every 2 hours from 11:00 to 17:00 hours for 2 days. Intraocular pressure was measured at 11:00 and 17:00 hours with a Goldmann applanation tonometer on both days. Patients were given one drop of 0.005% latanoprost at 11:00 hours on day 2 and results were compared with day 1 when latanoprost was not administered. There was no significant difference in the intensity of aqueous flare or intraocular pressure between day 1 and day 2. A single drop of latanoprost had little effect on intraocular pressure and aqueous flare intensity in patients with uveitis.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1988

Correlation of asymmetric damage with asymmetric intraocular pressure in normal-tension glaucoma (low-tension glaucoma).

If intraocular pressure plays a role in producing visual field loss in normal-tension glaucoma, there may be a possible benefit from therapeutic efforts to lower the pressure. To see whether pressure plays a role in the production of damage, we studied 14 cases of normal-tension glaucoma with asymmetric intraocular pressure (1- to 6-mm Hg interocular difference in pressure). In 12 of these 14 cases, we found that glaucomatous cupping and field loss (damage) was greater in the eye with higher pressure. This statistically significant correspondence of the higher pressure with the greater visual damage suggests that the level of pressure is a factor in producing optic nerve damage. Other factors also must contribute to account for the few instances in which damage asymmetry did not reflect interocular pressure-difference and for the occurrence of injury at such low levels of pressure in the first place. Although benefit may be expected from therapeutic lowering of pressure in this condition, the degree of benefit, as well as the side effects from treatment required for successful lowering of pressure, remains to be documented by a future clinical trial.

Glaucoma↗

PubMed2003

[Evaluation of the dependence between the lens thickness and intraocular pressure after cataract extraction in patient with glaucoma].

PURPOSE: The main purpose of the study is the evaluation of the dependence between lens thickness in eyes with cataract and glaucoma and the intraocular pressure after cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 138 eyes with cataract and glaucoma were examined. Patients were divided into three groups according to the type of glaucoma: I open angle glaucoma II closed angle glaucoma III glaucoma with pseudoexfoliation syndrome All patients received preoperatively drugs reducing intraocular hypertension. The intraocular pressure was measured on operation day and on the first and fifth day after. The subsequent measurements were carried out one month, 3 months and nine months postoperatively. Lens thickness measurement was conducted with ultrasonography one day before operation. RESULTS: The dependence between lens thickness and intraocular pressure normalization (p < 0.005) has been found on the basis of statistical research with t-Student test in the closed angle glaucoma group with the greatest preoperative lens thickness. CONCLUSIONS: The statistically proven dependence between preoperative lens thickness and postoperative intraocular pressure reduction in patients with the closed angle glaucoma, has been found on the basis of conducted research.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Postoperative intraocular pressure rises: a comparison of Healon, Amvisc, and Viscoat.

A prospective randomized study was performed involving 200 patients divided into four groups: (1) Healon aspirated, (2) Amvisc aspirated, (3) Viscoat aspirated, and (4) Viscoat not aspirated. Postoperative intraocular pressures were measured at 4, 8, and 24 hours, two to three days, and one month. Significant differences between the groups were noted at four and eight hours; however, by 24 hours there were no significant differences. There were also no significant differences at two to three days and one month postoperatively. In this study, the Viscoat-not-aspirated group had the highest intraocular pressures followed, in decreasing order, by the Viscoat aspirated group, the Amvisc aspirated group, and the Healon aspirated group. From this study, I have concluded that Viscoat should be aspirated at the end of surgery to avoid postoperative intraocular pressure rises. Healon appears to be associated with lower intraocular pressures than the other two agents at four and eight hours postoperatively.

Cataract Extraction↗

PubMed1990

Effect of ocular compression (Autopressor) on intraocular pressure in periocular anaesthesia.

One hundred successive patients were operated on for cataract under periocular anaesthesia. The patients were divided into 3 groups to study the effect of extraocular compression on intraocular pressure. In the control group (C-O), no compression was used. In the other 2 groups, compression was applied immediately after local injection of the anaesthetic for either 10 (C-10) or 20 min (C-20). In the control group, a periocular local anaesthetic increased the IOP in 27 of 36 patients, the average increase being 3.8 mmHg (at 10 min). Postanaesthetic compression of the eye led to a decrease in intraocular pressure, which is beneficial for the operative procedure. During the first 10 min, the mean intraocular pressure decreased by 3.1 and 4.0 mmHg in groups C-10 and C-20, respectively. In the C-20 group, there was a further (1.3 mmHg) reduction in intraocular pressure between 10 and 20 min.

Anesthesia, Local↗

PubMed2000

[Intraocular pressure reduction by endoscopically controlled erbium:YAG goniotomy].

BACKGROUND: Microperforations of the trabecular meshwork can be made using an endoscope guided Er:YAG laser. As shown in enucleated human melanoma eyes, these microperforations are not accompanied by thermal damage of the surrounding tissue. We now report our first clinical results using a commercially available endoscope/laser system for performing this particular kind of goniotomy. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A combined cataract extraction and Er:YAG goniotomy was performed in 24 eyes of 20 patients. Seventeen eyes were reexamined after a minimum follow-up of 4 months (mean 6.5 months, max. 12 months). The results were compared to a control group having only the cataract operation (14 eyes). RESULTS: After combined cataract operation and Er:YAG goniotomy, mean intraocular pressure dropped from 21.8 to 15.5 mmHg. Intraocular pressure regulation was successful in 88% of these cases. In contrast to this, the intraocular pressure reduction in eyes having only the cataract operation was much less pronounced (mean intraocular pressure preoperative 20.0, postoperative 17.4, success rate 35%). CONCLUSION: The first results with our particular endoscope/laser system are encouraging. Other groups using comparable devices have reported similar success rates. We hope that the endoscopic Er:YAG goniotomy may become a minimally invasive type of glaucoma surgery in the near future.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Effects of high intraocular pressure on the glucose metabolism in the retina and optic nerve in old atherosclerotic monkeys.

BACKGROUND: There are reasons to suspect that in patients with high intraocular pressure and glaucoma, there is underperfusion of the intraocular tissues and optic nerve head, leading to tissue hypoxia and neuronal damage. Studies in young, healthy monkeys have demonstrated that there is efficient autoregulation of the blood flow, and essentially normal glucose consumption, even at very high intraocular pressures that reduce the perfusion pressure to levels around 30 mm Hg. It seemed likely that the conditions might be different in old monkeys that had been on atherogenic diet for long periods of time and that such monkeys were a better model for glaucomatous patients. METHODS: The perfusion pressure in one eye was reduced to 30-35 mmHg in four old rhesus monkeys that had been on atherogenic diet for 12.5 years, and the glucose consumption in the eyes and optic nerves was studied with the 14C-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method of Sokoloff et al. RESULTS: There was enhanced uptake of 2DG in the inner as well as outer parts of the retina and in the optic nerve head in all four monkeys studied, indicating compromised supply of oxygen resulting in anaerobic glycolysis. CONCLUSION: Old monkeys that have been on atherogenic diet seem more susceptible to elevation of the intraocular pressure than young, healthy monkeys, thereby suggesting defective autoregulation in them. Such differences in susceptibility may play a role also in the development of ischemic disorders of the optic nerve head and glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

The effect of exposure to heat on intraocular pressure.

During exposure to heat there is an increase of the intraocular pressure in nonacclimatized persons. This increase is not found after heat acclimatization has been carried out. The increase of the intraocular pressure in the nonacclimatized persons can be attributed to the increase of the body temperature due to insufficient sweating.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed1976

Intraocular pressures after suxamethonium and endotracheal intubation in patients pretreated with pancuronium.

Intraocular pressures were recorded after the administration of suxamethonium and endotracheal intubation in a series of 20 patients who had not received pancuronium 1 mg 4 min before the suxamethonium. The pressures were compared with those in a control group of 20 patients who had not received pancuronium. The increase in intraocular pressure which followed the suxamethonium and intubation, and which occurred in about 50% of the patients, was similar in both groups of patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Intraocular pressure changes during laparoscopy in patients anesthetized with propofol total intravenous anesthesia versus isoflurane inhaled anesthesia.

UNLABELLED: We examined intraocular pressure (IOP) changes during gynecologic laparoscopy performed under either thiopental-isoflurane anesthesia or total IV propofol anesthesia. Forty adult women with no preexisting eye disease scheduled for gynecologic CO(2) insufflation laparoscopy were included in the study. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, peak and plateau airway pressure, ETCO(2), and IOP (using a Schioetz tonometer) were measured at defined intervals during the procedure. IOP decreased significantly after the induction of anesthesia in both groups, and remained so throughout the procedure in the propofol group. In the isoflurane group, however, IOP was increased significantly above the preinduction level after pneumoperitoneum with head-down position. There was no correlation between IOP and blood pressure or airway pressure. In conclusion, propofol total IV anesthesia may be a better choice for laparoscopic surgery should control of IOP be a concern. IMPLICATIONS: In this study, we examined the effect of two anesthetic techniques on the intraocular pressure changes during laparoscopic surgery in healthy subjects. Propofol IV anesthesia protected against increases in intraocular pressure with pneumoperitoneum and head-down position.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Lidocaine infiltration of the scalp does not completely abolish increased intraocular pressure due to skull pin insertion.

Insertion of skull pins results in haemodynamic perturbations, which can be blunted by local anaesthetic infiltration of the pin sites. No study has assessed the effects on intraocular pressure. General anaesthesia was induced in 71 patients undergoing cervical spine surgery with attachment of Gardner Wells tongs to the skull. Skull pins were attached five minutes after induction following either saline (group I, 35 patients) or lidocaine (group II, 36 patients) infiltration of scalp. Intraocular pressure, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before (baseline), immediately after, and 60 s following pin insertion and analysed statistically. Insertion of pins increased intraocular pressure in both groups (from 8.4+/-2.7 to 14.2+/-3.0 mmHg in group I, and from 8.8+/-2.3 to 12.7+/-2.7 mmHg in group II, P < 0.001), which persisted even at 60 s but the increase was significantly greater in group I. Insertion of pins significantly increased blood pressure in group I only. We conclude that lidocaine infiltration at the skull pin sites for Gardner Wells tong attachment fails to completely abolish increased intraocular pressure.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Double-masked three-period crossover investigation of timolol in control of raised intraocular pressure.

Forty patients with an intraocular pressure (IOP) between 30 and 49 mmHg in either eye (57 eyes) were recruited into a trial of timolol 0.25% versus timolol 0.5%. Patients were randomised to receive the two concentrations of drug in the order ABA or BAB. The study period was 12 weeks for each patient, with changes in drug concentration at 4 and 8 weeks. IOPs were measured at the same time every 2 weeks. Mean IOP of both eyes was used, excluding any eyes with initial IOPs of less than 30 mmHg. There was no difference between the 2-week and 4-week pressure readings, which were therefore combined. There was no statistically significant difference in the initial IOPs of the two groups (0.5%, 33.45 mmHg; 0.25%, 32.63 mmHg) nor in the initial fall in IOP with either concentration (0.5%, 12.03 mmHg; 0.25%, 11.31 mmHg). Furthermore, changing from one concentration to the other had no significant effect on IOP. Mean IOPs over the whole study period averaged 21.12 mmHg for timolol 0.25% and 20.75 mmHg for timolol 0.5%. Again these differences were not statistically significant. The statistical power of the study was estimated to exceed 85%. The authors suggest that there is no justification for use of the 0.5% strength, which is more expensive and has no advantages.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗

PubMed1998

Intraocular pressure in normal dairy cattle.

Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in normal dairy cows by applanation tonometry. In the first study of 15 Holstein and 17 Jersey cows the mean IOP by Mackay-Marg tonometry was 27.5 +/- 4.8 mmHg (range 16-39 mmHg); no significant differences (P < 0.92) were observed between the Holstein and Jersey breeds. In the second study of 15 Holstein and 12 Jersey cows, the mean IOPs by Mackay-Marg and TonoPen-XL tonometry were 28.2 +/- 4.6 mmHg (range 19-39 mmHg) and 26.9 +/- 6.7 mmHg (range 16-42 mmHg), respectively. Comparisons of the Mackay-Marg and TonoPen tonometers indicated no significant differences (P < 0.16). The mean and range of IOP in normal dairy cows within 2 SD (95% of the population) is 27 mmHg with a range of 16-36 mmHg.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2003

Effect of posture on blood and intraocular pressures in multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and baroreflex failure.

BACKGROUND: Intraocular pressure (IOP) may be partially under systemic vascular control. This study examined whether a correlation exists between blood and intraocular pressures in patients with autonomic dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven patients with 3 types of confirmed autonomic dysfunction (multiple system atrophy, pure autonomic failure, and baroreflex failure) were compared with age- and gender-matched controls and had IOP, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rates, and calculated mean arterial pressures (MAP) and mean ocular perfusion pressures (MOPP) measured in the supine, sitting, and standing positions. Data were analyzed with a general linear model repeated-measures ANOVA. All pressures for patients showed a dramatic decline (P<0.001) from supine to standing (MAP -31+/-14 mm Hg; IOP -6+/-3 mm Hg; MOPP -25+/-14 mm Hg) compared with controls (MAP +4+/-7 mm Hg; IOP -1+/-2 mm Hg; MOPP +6+/-7 mm Hg). There was no significant change in heart rate from supine to standing for patients compared with controls (P=0.648). Within both the multiple system atrophy (n=5) and pure autonomic failure (n=4) groups, all initial pressures were similar to control pressures in the supine position, whereas patients with baroreflex failure (n=2) had higher mean pressures than respective controls in the supine position. CONCLUSIONS: In autonomic dysfunction, a large decrease in MAP correlated with a large decrease in IOP. These data suggest that the autonomic nervous system, perhaps through an influence on systemic blood pressure, has a significant role in IOP regulation.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Are we measuring the right intraocular pressure after excimer laser photorefractive laser keratoplasty in myopia?].

BACKGROUND: It is possible that the traditional method to determine the intraocular pressure after excimer-laser PRK is inaccurate. Measuring the pressure in the temporal part of the cornea might give the true values. METHODS: Intraocular pressure was measured with a Goldmann Applanation Tonometer and with the Tonopen, before and after PRK for myopia in the central and in the temporal parts of the cornea. The paired student t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The results of central and temporal measurements before treatment were identical with both instruments. After PRK, central values were 2 to 3 mm Hg lower than temporal values when measured with a Goldmann Tonometer, and about 2 mm lower when measured with the Tonopen. The differences were highly significant (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.004 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The intraocular pressure measured in the usual manner after excimer-laser PRK is lower than the temporally measured pressure. These differences could be caused by absence of the Bowman's membrane, thinning of the cornea and/or change of its topography.

Cornea↗

PubMed1996

Prolonged intraocular pressure reduction following intravitreal barium injection in rabbits.

The isolated ciliary epithelium contains barium-inhibitable potassium channels. The present study was aimed at testing the in vivo effects of barium on aqueous humor dynamics in rabbits. BaCl2 was administered to one eye by topical delivery or intravitreal injection. Dynamic measurements included intraocular pressure, outflow facility, episcleral venous pressure and aqueous flow (fluorophotometry). Barium dynamics were studied using 133Ba. Intraocular pressure was not altered after topical administration of BaCl2. 133Ba was not detected in the aqueous after delivery of eyedrops containing the radiochemical. Intraocular pressure decreased following intravitreal injection of BaCl2 (0.15 microgram). The onset of this pressure reduction was 12 to 16 hr, the maximum decrease (-11.3 mmHg) occurred at 2 days, and the effect persisted (-4.2 mmHg) for approximately 12 days after the injection. Outflow facility and episcleral venous pressure were not altered. However, aqueous humor flow 5 to 6 days after the injection was decreased by 42% to 63% as determined by fluorophotometry or calculated tonographic data. The injection was not associated with findings of intraocular inflammation. Radioactivity was detected in the vitreous within the first 3 days after the injection; however, activity was present in the ciliary body, equally distributed between the cell membrane and soluble fractions, seven days after the injection. Intravitreally injected BaCl2 results in a prolonged intraocular pressure decrease relating to reduced aqueous formation. While the mechanism(s) for the BaCl2-induced decrease in pressure are not clear, possibilities include a Ba2+ interaction with ciliary epithelial K+ or N-type Ca2+ channels.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Correlation between color vision and highest intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.

We examined 75 glaucoma patients to determine the relationship between losses in color vision and their highest intraocular pressure. The losses of blue chromatic (P less than .0001) and achromatic (P = .0006) sensitivity were strongly related to highest intraocular pressure. The dysfunction of blue chromatic and achromatic pathways may therefore indicate damage from increased intraocular pressure.

Color Perception↗