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PubMed1987

Religiosity and personality: are mystics introverted, neurotic, or psychotic?

One hundred and fifteen subjects completed Hood's M scale, a measure of reported mystical experience, and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, which measures introversion/extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and a lie score. No significant correlations were found between mysticism and the scales of the EPQ, nor could mysticism be predicted by multiple regression, either by the EPQ scales with sex and age, or by the EPQ scales controlling for sex and age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1971

Sleep stage and personality characteristics of "natural" long and short sleepers.

A group of college freshmen that typically slept 5(1/2) hours or less per night and a group that typically slept 9(1/2) hours or more did not differ significantly on a battery of personality, scholastic, and medical measures. Compared with control subjects not selected on a sleep length criterion, electroencephalograph recordings of the short sleepers contained reduced amounts of stage 2 and rapid eye movement sleep.

Aptitude Tests↗
PubMed1989

Personality profile and affective state of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The Eysenck Personality Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale were administered to 80 patients undergoing medical treatment for long standing inflammatory bowel disease: 22 patients were studied before the diagnosis was established and 40 patients with diabetes mellitus served as controls. High neuroticism and introversion scores were more prevalent in the patients with inflammatory bowel disease than controls (p less than 0.05) and these characteristics were as prominent in patients before diagnosis as in established cases. Introversion scores increased with the duration of disease (r = 0.51). Depression was uncommon, occurring only in patients with active chronic disease. Patients believed there was a close link between personality, stress and disease activity. Fifty six of the patients recognised factors that initiated the disease and in 42 this was thought to be a stressful life event or a 'nervous personality'.

Affect↗
PubMed1985

The pre-morbid personality of patients with Parkinson's disease.

A review of the extensive descriptive literature suggests that many Parkinsonian patients exhibit an emotional and attitudinal inflexibility, a lack of affect and a predisposition to depressive illness, which may antecede the development of motor abnormalities by several decades. Introspective, over-controlled, anhedonic personality traits together with suppressed aggresivity are frequently found. It is unclear whether these behavioural patterns are relevant aetiological factors or prodromal symptoms of the disease.

Aggression↗
PubMed2000

Neuropsychological outcome following pallidotomy and thalamotomy for Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive and emotional outcomes were assessed after unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) and ventral intermediate nucleus thalamotomy (Vim-Th) in patients suffering from idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). PVP was performed on 12 PD patients (8 men and 4 women, mean age 56.4 years, 6 left lesions and 6 right lesions) and Vim-Th was performed on 13 PD patients (5 men and 8 women, mean age 63.2 years, 6 left lesions and 7 right lesions). In both the PVP group and the Vim-Th group, the Hoehn and Yahr staging scores (p < 0.01) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale activities of daily living and motor scores (p < 0.001) improved significantly. No significant changes in cognitive function were observed 4 weeks after unilateral PVP or Vim-Th. PVP produced a significant decline in Hasegawa's Dementia Scale-Revised scores in immediate postoperative assessments (p < 0.05), which resolved 4 weeks after surgery. While the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory depression and social introversion scores improved significantly in the Vim-Th group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), the hypochondriasis and hypomania scores improved significantly in the PVP group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). We conclude that PVP and Vim-Th influence postoperative emotional status rather than postoperative cognitive status.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dexamethasone suppression test and MMPI scales.

In 42 major depressive inpatients, we analyzed the relationship between dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scales. Cortisol levels following DST were positively correlated with the depression as well as the social introversion MMPI scale scores, and negatively correlated with the hypomania scale scores. DST nonsuppressor depressives (n = 15) exhibited significantly higher scores on the social introversion scale and significantly lower scores on the hypomania subscale than DST suppressors (n = 27). Moreover, stepwise discriminant analysis using the hypomania score was able to correctly classify 71% of the sample according to DST dichotomy, whereas the association of other scales did not significantly improve the classification. Therefore, these results support a relationship between DST and depressive/manic psychopathology rather than anxious psychopathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Psychometric properties of self-report scales of alexithymia.

The purpose of this paper is to provide further insight into the quantification and measurement of alexithymia. A series of statistical surveys has been made concerning self-report scales of alexithymia. The data (1) provide information concerning the psychometric properties of the Schalling-Sifneos Personality Scale (SSPS); (2) present a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) subscale for alexithymia based on the SSPS, and (3) provide insight into the relationship between the SSPS and the Beth Israel Questionnaire (BIQ) through a comparison of the MMPI scales derived from the BIQ and the SSPS. Based on these data, suggestions for the quantification of alexithymia are made, as are suggestions for further research on the measurement of alexithymia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Judging emotions of normal and schizophrenic subjects.

Thirty-two nursing students were shown silent films in which 10 normal and 10 schizophrenic women described a happy, sad, and an angry personal experience. Accuracy in judging the content of films of normal subjects was associated with social detachment and mechanical interests, whereas accuracy in judging the emotions of the schizophrenic subjects was associated with social involvement and nursing interests. Further, the students nurses' ability to relate to patients, as judged by their nursing supervisors, was associated with their ability to accurately identify the nonverbal emotional communications of the schizophrenic patients but not of the normal persons.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Use of the CPI structural scales in Taiwan college graduates.

The study examines the usefulness of the CPI vector scales in a cross-cultural setting. These scales assessing degree of internality (v.1), norm-abiding tendency (v.2) and self-actualization (v.3) were administered to a group of 215 recently college graduated Taiwan men and women. The Taiwan sample was found to be more norm-abiding and less actualized than American college students. This difference is discussed in the context of varying cultural values. Based on the raw scale scores, personality type and actualization level of the students were determined. Appropriateness of U.S. derived cutoff scores for determining type and actualization for this group is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Handling the withdrawn patient--a flow diagram.

The withdrawn patient challenges effective communication. Some patients are naturally introverted or quiet, but for others the withdrawal represents a change with many possible causes. This flow diagram describes the approach to a withdrawn patient and outlines management.

Algorithms↗