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At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Biological effects of rare earth elements and their action mechanisms].

This paper reviewed the effects of rare earth elements on plant root development, biomass, quality, and resistance against stress. Applying appropriate amount of rare earth elements could not only promote seed germination and root development, increase plant biomass, but also improve harvest quality and plant resistance against stress. The plant uptake characteristics of rare earth elements, as well as their contents, distribution, existing forms, and cytolocalization in plants were discussed, with the focus on the effects of rare earth elements on photosynthesis and chlorophyll formation, nutrient uptake, relationships between rare earth elements and calcium, and action mechanisms of rare earth elements on cell membrane and enzymes. Rare earth elements could enhance chlorophyll content and improve photosynthetic rate, and thus, could increase plant biomass. When an appropriate amount of rare earth elements was applied, the uptake of nutrients by plant and their transformation and utilization were promoted. Rare earth elements could replace calcium ion to participate in enzymatic reactions, maintain the osmosis and stability of cell membrane, promote the protection function of cell membrane, and enhance the plant resistance capability against stress. In the end, further researches on rare earth elements were suggested.

Biomass↗
PubMed2003

Functional expression of a bacterial heavy metal transporter in Arabidopsis enhances resistance to and decreases uptake of heavy metals.

Large parts of agricultural soil are contaminated with lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). Although most environments are not heavily contaminated, the low levels observed nonetheless pose a high risk of heavy metal accumulation in the food chain. Therefore, approaches to develop plants with reduced heavy metal uptake are important. Recently, many transgenic plants with increased heavy metal resistance and uptake of heavy metals were developed for the purpose of phytoremediation. However, to reduce heavy metal in the food chain, plants that transfer less heavy metals to the shoot are required. We tested whether an Escherichia coli gene, ZntA, which encodes a Pb(II)/Cd(II)/Zn(II) pump, could be useful for developing plants with reduced heavy metal content. Yeast cells transformed with this gene had improved resistance to Pb(II) and Cd(II). In Arabidopsis plants transformed with ZntA, ZntA was localized at the plasma membrane and improved the resistance of the plants to Pb(II) and Cd(II). The shoots of the transgenic plants had decreased Pb and Cd content. Moreover, the transgenic protoplasts showed lower accumulation of Cd and faster release of preloaded Cd than wild-type protoplasts. These results show that a bacterial transporter gene, ZntA, can be functionally expressed in plant cells, and that that it may be useful for the development of crop plants that are safe from heavy metal contamination.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1999

Sequences surrounding the transcription initiation site of the Arabidopsis enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase gene control seed expression in transgenic tobacco.

The NADH-specific enoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase, which catalyses the last reducing step during the fatty acid biosynthesis cycle, is encoded in Arabidopsis thaliana encoded by a single housekeeping gene (ENR-A) which is differentially expressed during plant development. To identify elements involved in its tissue-specific transcriptional control, a fragment comprising the 1470 bp region directly upstream of the ATG start codon of the ENR-A gene was fused to the uidA (GUS) reporter gene and analysed in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants. GUS activity found during development of the transgenic plants was similar to endogenous ENR protein levels found in both tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, except for developing flowers. In floral tissue the promoter fragment showed very little activity in contrast to the relatively high level of endogenous ENR expression. Successive deletions from the 5' and 3' regions of the promoter fragment revealed the presence of at least three elements which control GUS expression in different stages of development in the transgenic tobacco plants. First, expression in young developing leaves required both the presence of sequences between -329 to -201 relative to the transcription start and part of the untranslated leader comprising the first intron. Second, root-specific GUS expression was still observed after deletion of the 5'-upstream sequences up to 19 bp of the transcription initiation site. Further, the additional removal of the intron from the untranslated leader increased root-specific expression by ca. 4- to 5-fold. Third, high expression in seeds was still observed with the minimal upstream promoter segment of 19 bp. This seed expression level was found to be independent of the presence or absence of the intron in the untranslated leader. Finally, 3' deletion of the leader sequence up to 17 bp of the transcription start greatly impaired GUS activity during all stages of plant development, suggesting that the deleted sequence of the leader either functions as an enhancer for transcription initiation or stabilizes the mRNA.

5' Untranslated Regions↗