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PubMed1981

14C leucine uptake in rat tissues at different times after irradiation.

The uptake of 14C leucine administered at different intervals after irradiation, but always 4 and 8 h before the animals were killed, has been evaluated in tissues with different proliferative activity and protein synthesis. The results have demonstrated an increased uptake and a more rapid elimination of the tracer after irradiation. In the small intestine a lower amount of TCA insoluble fraction was observed when the morphologic injury was evident, while protein synthesis significantly increased during the initial phase of appearance of the injury and mainly during the recovery phase of epithelial cells. Kidney and plasma had levels higher than controls at all intervals.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Expression of CD11b/CD18 on neutrophils after consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia and after high dose chemotherapy with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Quantitative expression of neutrophil CD11b/CD18 following chemotherapy (either conventional dose consolidation chemotherapy or high dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation) was investigated during the early recovery phase (neutrophil count 0. 5-1.0x109/l) and at full recovery (neutrophil count 1.0-2.5x109/l) following treatment. CD11b/18 expression was normal in stem cell transplantation supported patients during both early and full neutrophil recovery. By contrast CD11b/CD18 expression was markedly decreased in patients who received chemotherapy without stem cell support. These results suggest that recovery of neutrophil count may not always coincide with recovery of neutrophil function and that G-CSF stimulated peripheral stem cell transplantation enhances neutrophil function post chemotherapy.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

[A case of brainstem infarction presenting with paralytic pontine exotropia and non-paralytic pontine exotropia].

We reported a patient with brainstem infarction who presented paralytic pontine exotropia (PPE) in acute phase and non-paralytic pontine exotropia (NPPE) during the recovery phase. On March 10, 1991, a 60-year-old man was brought to our hospital with chief complaints of double vision and right hemiparesis. The ocular position of the left eye on forward gaze was fixed at the midline, while the right eye was abducted, and skew deviation was observed. On leftward gaze, neither eye could pass the midline, and on rightward gaze the right eye was abducted and monocular nystagmus was noted in the abducted right eye, which indicated paralytic pontine exotropia. T2-weighted MRI showed high signal intensity lesions in the left paramedian portion of the mid-pontine tegmentum beneath the fourth ventricle, and in the midline of the pontine base extending to the left side. The next day, similar disturbance of ocular movement was seen on rightward gaze, but the limitation of leftward gaze had improved and NPPE was noted to have developed. On the third day, there was no abduction of the right eye on forward gaze, but left MLF syndrome was still present. Seven days later, the disturbances of ocular movement disappeared. The lesion was considered to be due to partial impairment of the left paramedian pontine reticular formation in addition to the MLF. PPE caused by ischemia due to the perforating arteries of the brainstem, different from that due to basilar artery occlusion may recover after progression through NPPE and MLF syndromes. Hence, one-and-a-half syndrome, PPE, NPPE, and MLF syndromes are considered to be analogous to one another.

Brain Stem↗

PubMed1988

Enhanced urinary kallikrein excretion in response to a moderate sodium load in genetically hypertensive rats.

Experiments were performed to compare the diuretic and natriuretic response to a moderate saline load between 12-week-old conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) male rats. The animals were infused intravenously with 0.9% NaCl, first for a 1-h equilibration period, at a rate of 20 microliters/min, then for a 2-h salt-loading phase at 40 microliters/min, and finally during a 1-h recovery at 20 microliters/min. Cumulative renal excretion of water and sodium was similar in SHR and WKY rats. In contrast, urinary kallikrein excretion (amidolytic assay) during the saline-expansion and recovery phases was significantly higher in SHR than in WKY rats. At the end of the salt-loading phase, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were higher in SHR than in WKY rats (p less than 0.05). This was also true in animals infused with 5% dextrose instead of 0.9% NaCl. Splanchnic nerve activity remained stable throughout the study in SHR as well as in WKY rats. These data therefore indicate that SHR excrete water and sodium similarly to WKY rats when they are subjected to a moderate sodium load. Neither ANP nor the sympathetic nervous system seems to be directly implicated in the renal response to the moderate saline expansion. Whether the enhanced urinary kallikrein excretion observed in SHR reflects an active participation of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in their sodium handling remains uncertain.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Extracellular purine catabolites and tissue nucleotides and purine catabolites during progression and recovery of ischemia].

During progression and recovery of ischemia, extracellular purine catabolites were measured and compared with purine catabolites and adenine nucleotide levels in the tissue. Ischemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries in gerbil. Extracellular purine catabolites were sampled by in vivo brain microdialysis technique, and tissue adenine nucleotides and purine catabolites were extracted from in situ frozen and lypholized brain tissue. These metabolites were measured with simple method of isoclatic condition by HPLC system. Ischemia depleted tissue ATP and ADP, whereas AMP and purine catabolites accumulated strikingly. In parallel, extracellular purine catabolites increased as consecutive degradation on the biochemical metabolic pathway in the same animal. Levels of tissue ATP and adenosine normalized in the recovery phase of ischemia immediately. However, extracellular purine catabolites during the recovery are much higher than those during the progression of ischemia. These data indicated extracellular high levels of purine catabolites during the ischemic insult, and especially adenosine as neuromodulator which may turn off spontaneous neuronal activity and exert antiepileptic effects during the recovery rather than the progression of ischemia.

Adenine Nucleotides↗

PubMed1994

Enhancement of platelet recovery in X-irradiated guinea pigs by romurtide, a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative.

The response of megakaryocytes and platelets to the administration of romurtide, a synthetic muramyl dipeptide derivative, was investigated in normal and irradiated guinea pigs. Romurtide was administered subcutaneously in a single dose or daily doses at levels of 1 to 100 micrograms/animal/day to normal animals to assess the dose response. Subsequently, dosage at 100 micrograms/animal/d for 8 consecutive days was initiated in separate groups of animals immediately after 1 Gy total body x-irradiation. In normal animals, a significant dose-dependent increase in the platelet count was noted, and a prolonged thrombocytopoiesis was detectable from 7 through 15 days after the initiation of romurtide administered for 8 days at a dose of 100 micrograms/animal/d. A significant increase in the white blood cell (WBC) count was also observed during days 1 through 11 after beginning romurtide treatment. In the irradiated animals, the treatment with romurtide increased platelet counts during the recovery phase of thrombocytopenia, thus apparently decreasing the time required for recovery to a normal platelet level. Before the rapid recovery of platelet counts by romurtide treatment, a marked increase in the number of megakaryocytes was noted as early as 7 days after irradiation. This increase was accompanied by an accelerated shift of the size distribution of megakaryocytes toward larger size class. Thus, the mean megakaryocyte size was significantly greater in guinea pigs receiving romurtide than in controls. Preceding the increase in the number of megakaryocytes, the serum interleukin-6 levels were found to be approximately 5 times greater than those in control animals. Treatment with romurtide diminished the WBC count nadir, resulting in significantly higher WBC count levels than in controls. Elevation of the plasma fibrinogen level was observed in the treated animals, and normalized gradually after discontinuation of romurtide treatment. These results indicate a possible therapeutic potential of romurtide in the management of thrombocytopenia associated with myelosuppression.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗

PubMed1997

[Protection afforded by a novel K channel opener (Y-26763), against glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats].

Y-26763, a benzopyran derivative, is a newly developed ATp-sensitive K channel opener and has been reported to protect against ischemic acute renal failure (ARF). We examined the effects of Y-26763 on glycerol-induced myoglobinuric ARF in the rats. ARf was induced in 28 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by hind-limb intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol (5 ml/kg) after 18 hrs of water deprivation. Y-26763, 7 micrograms/kg (GY group, n = 10) of vehicle (G group, n = 12) was given intravenously 15 min before glycerol injection. Glibenclamide (20 mg/kg), a K channel blocker was given prior to Y-26763 injection to see of the effects was due to the K-channel opener (GYG group, n = 6). Animals were sacrificed 24 or 96 hrs after glycerol injection. Y-26763 partially, but significantly, restored renal dysfunction 24 hrs after ARF. Pcr (mg/dl) and Ccr (ml/min), respectively were as follows: G group, 5.7 +/- 0.4, 0.015 +/- 0.006; GY group, 4.1 +/- 0.4, 0.061 +/- 0.027 (p < 0.05). These favorable effects were antagonized by glibenclamide (Pcr in GYG group, 5.4 +/- 0.3 mg/dl, p < 0.05). Renal calcium content was not statistically significant (3.5 +/- 1.2 vs. 3.4 +/- 1.2 micrograms/mg dry weight). Histological examinations revealed that extensive tubular necrosis and cast formation seen in the G group were reduced in the GY group. At the recovery phase, 96 hrs after glycerol injection, Y-26763 accelerated the recovery from ARF as shown in Pcr (mg/dl) and Ccr (ml/min): 4.3 +/- 0.2, 0.05 +/- 0.01 in the G group, 2.8 +/- 0.2, 0.13 +/- 0.02) in the GY group (p < 0.01). In conclusion, Y-26763 partially protected against glycerol-induced ARF.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1987

The postanesthetic period. Complications.

Postanesthetic complications can occur even in the best of circumstances. Proper preparation of the staff, aggressive monitoring of the recovering patient, and early recognition and management of the complications are essential if the outcome is to be successful. In reviewing postanesthetic complications, two factors are present in the overwhelming majority of situations--hypoxia and hypercarbia--often the direct result of inadequate monitoring during the postanesthetic period. The anesthetic procedure is not over once the anesthetic agents are discontinued. The skillful anesthetist is aware of the possibilities of postoperative complications and prevents problems by employing enhanced monitoring techniques during the recovery phase.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1990

Mapping of normal brain maturation in infants on phase-sensitive inversion--recovery MR images.

It is illustrated that phase-sensitive inversion-recovery MR images are particularly well suited for the monitoring of brain maturation and myelination in the neonate and young infant. Provided appropriate timings are applied with the inversion-recovery MR pulse sequence, the myelinated areas show up as bright spots in the phase-sensitive images. The chronology of the appearance, and the location of these hyperintense zones correlate well with the chronology of brain maturation, as assessed by other means. In particular, the progressive functional capabilities of the infant correlate well with the progress of myelination, as exhibited by the MR images.

Brain↗

PubMed2001

Mechanisms of early and late recovery in acute motor axonal neuropathy.

Motor unit number estimate (MUNE) of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) was sequentially performed in seven patients with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). The MUNE markedly decreased (mean, 11) at the peak of the illness. Clinical recovery of APB strength began during week 4, with an increase in amplitude of distal compound muscle action potentials. The MUNE did not change significantly in this early recovery phase and increased slowly with time. The main mechanism for early recovery in AMAN may be collateral reinnervation, with nerve regeneration developing later.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2003

Hand rim configuration: effects on physical strain and technique in unimpaired subjects?

OBJECTIVE: Hand rim wheelchair propulsion is inefficient and physically straining. To evaluate the possibly advantageous role in this respect of three different prototype hand rim configurations (a rubber foam-coated cylindrical (II) hand rim and two profiled rubber foam-coated hand rims (wide and narrow: III, IV)), a group of 10 unimpaired subjects conducted four submaximal discontinuous wheelchair exercise tests on a computer-controlled wheelchair ergometer, thus allowing a comparison with a standard hand rim (chromium-plated round hand rim (I)). METHODS: Apart from physiological measures (oxygen uptake, heart rate (HR), ventilation, mechanical efficiency (ME)), a subjective score for the rating of each of the hand rims was determined, as well as characteristics of the force application in the propulsion phase during each test condition. Timing parameters of the push and recovery phase were determined. Each exercise test was conducted with one of the four hand rim configurations in a counter-balanced order. RESULTS: Analysis of variance with repeated measures (hand rim configuration, power output) revealed no significant effects (P>0.05) on any of the physiological parameters and force application characteristics for the main factor 'hand rim configuration'. Only the subjective score (scale 0-10) for rating of the hand rims proved significantly different between the round rubber (7.5+/-0.53) coated hand rim-receiving the highest score-versus the narrow rubber-coated flat profiled hand rim (5.5+/-1.72). DISCUSSION: In this subject group and under the selected tasks and submaximal conditions of wheelchair propulsion, the studied hand rim configurations did not introduce critical shifts in the technique of (de-)coupling and power production in the push phase. As a consequence, no systematic shifts in ME are found among the different hand rim configurations. It is suggested that the biological constraints of the task overrule the possible effects of small design variations of the different hand rim configurations within the studied subject group and under the limited test conditions. The hand rim design characteristics may however be much more critical in (1) experienced wheelchair users, (2) especially those subjects with a limited hand-arm and/or trunk function and/or (3) under much more extreme conditions of daily wheelchair ambulation (i.e. turning, stopping/starting, negotiating a slope) or during peak performance. These issues clearly require continued future research. As such, the current results can be viewed as preliminary results only.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

The pharmacokinetics of quinine in patients with hepatitis.

The pharmacokinetics of quinine were studied in six patients with hepatitis B infection (during acute and convalescent periods) and six healthy subjects. A single 10 mg kg-1 dose of quinine was given intravenously over 2 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters of quinine during the acute phase of the infection were not different from those during the recovery phase. However, when compared with those obtained from healthy subjects, significant changes were found. The terminal elimination half-life was prolonged (17 and 15 vs 10 h) and clearance was lower (2.9 and 2.3 vs 3.5 ml min-1 kg-1). Unbound quinine concentration in plasma at 2 h was approximately 10% of the total concentration in all subjects in the three study groups. A prolonged QTc interval (< 25%) was observed in all groups. The present data suggest that current dosage regimens of quinine used in the treatment of falciparum malaria may not be suitable for malaria patients with acute hepatitis or those who have had hepatitis within the past 3 months.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1975

Cell production and cell function in human cyclic neutropenia.

In vitro studies have been done on haematopoietic cells from a patient with cyclic neutropenia characterized by severe depression of blood neutrophil levels every 21 days. Serial blood counts reveal periodic fluctuations in neutrophils, monocytes and reticulocytes. Agar culture of marrow cells shows normal concentration of colony forming cells. The percentage of colony forming cells in S phase is highly increased during profound neutropenia and normal during the recovery phase relating the granulocyte production to the peripheral neutrophil level. Studies of ingestion rate, bactericidal activity, lactate production and glucose oxidation during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes show normal results. Also the ingestion rate in isolated monocytes is normal. Serial karyotype analyses of marrow cells during the neutrophil cycle display a normal pattern. Serum myeloperoxidase levels vary inversely with the peripheral neutrophil count indicating increased granulopoietic activity during profound neutropenia, which might be associated with non effective granulopoiesis during profound neutropenia, leading to a lack of granulocyte reserves in the marrow.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Coccidial infections and iron absorption.

Four-week-old chicks were infected with single oral doses of 1,000,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina, or 40,000 sporulated oocysts of E. necatrix, or 50,000 sporulated oocysts of E. brunetti, or 50,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella, or left uninfected. At intervals of 1, 3, 6, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after infection, absorption of 5 muCi Fe-59 was measured in five birds selected at random from each of the five experimental groups. Iron absorption was markedly decreased during the acute phase (day 6) of E. acervulina infections, less marked decreases were observed in E. necatrix infections, while no decreases in iron absorption were seen in the acute phase (day 6) of E. brunetti and E. tenella infections. Thus, the most critical area of the intestine for iron absorption, as shown by the largest decrease in amount of iron absorbed during the acute phase of coccidial infections, was located in the duodenum. During the recovery phase of all infections, periods of increased iron absorption were seen. This effect was marked in E. acervulina and E. tenella infections.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Status asthmaticus: is respiratory physiotherapy necessary?

We present the case of a four year-old girl diagnosed of moderate extrinsic asthma that in the course of an episode of asthmatic status, she presented after treatment with respiratory physiotherapy an abrupt worsening of its clinical state, with appearance of a pneumotorax that precised intensive care treatment. The use of respiratory physiotherapy is dissuaded as part of the treatment in the initial phase of acute asthma, being reserved this treatment later in the recovery phase, anytime when a component of hypersecretion exists and the intensity of the bonchoconstriction has diminished.

Anti-Asthmatic Agents↗

PubMed1996

Exploring the determinants of support provision: provider characteristics, personal networks, community contexts, and support following life events.

To explore the determinants of support provision in the natural disaster context, we followed House (1981) and developed a model that specifies how characteristics of the providers, their personal networks, and the community contexts in which they live facilitate or impede their ability to provide support. All three sets of factors affected support provision during Hurricane Andrew, but the pattern of effects differs for the preparation and short-term recovery phases of the hurricane. Age, income, network density, and local economic conditions had significant effects on support provision in the preparation phase. Income did not have a significant effect on short-term recovery support, but religion, house damage, the size and diversity dimensions of network structure, and the local bonds and sentiments dimensions of community attachment did. After comparing the explanatory power of our model in the two phases, we conclude by investigating the implications of this test for understanding the determinants of support provision more generally.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

An electromyographic study of the pectoralis major in atelines and Hylobates, with special reference to the evolution of a pars clavicularis.

Among primates there is striking variation in the extent of the origin of pectoralis major from the clavicle. A significant clavicular attachment (pars clavicularis) occurs only in Alouatta, Lagothrix, Hylobates, Pan (troglodytes, paniscus and gorilla), and Homo. Interpreting this trait in nonhuman primates as an adaptation to frequent use of a mobile forelimb in climbing and suspension is contraindicated by the absence of a clavicular origin in Ateles and Pongo. We have undertaken a telemetered electromyographic study to determine any special role of the most cranial part of the pectoralis major in comparison to its caudal part, and to the deltoid, during vertical climbing, pronograde quadrupedalism, and armswinging in Ateles, Lagothrix, Alouatta, and Hylobates. The results show that the cranial pectoralis major possesses a role not shared by the caudal fibers: initiation of the recovery phase of the locomotor cycle. When ability to execute rapid or powerful recovery of the adducted forelimb is required in an animal with a shoulder joint lying on a plane cranial to that of the manubrium, the movement will be facilitated if the origin of the pectoralis major is extended onto the clavicle. Such is the case in nonhuman primates possessing this trait. The absence of a clavicular origin in Ateles and Pongo may be related to diminished selective pressures to perfect locomotor modes such as pronograde quadrupedalism, armswinging, or climbing thick vertical trunks, that demand rapid or powerful recovery of the adducted forelimb. If the arboreal ancestor of humans had evolved a clavicular origin of pectoralis major, this animal would be preadapted for certain uses of the forelimb in its bipedal descendant.

Alouatta↗

PubMed1983

An experimental study of the pathogenesis of the selective lesion of the globus pallidus in acute carbon monoxide poisoning in cats. With special reference to the chronologic change in the cerebral local blood flow.

Twenty-eight mature cats were exposed to 0.3% carbon monoxide (CO) gas for 90-193 min using artificial ventilation. The systemic blood pressure (BP), venous pressure (VP), blood flow of the left common carotid artery (CF), and blood gas were monitored. The local blood flow (LBF) of the globus pallidus, putamen, or claustrum was measured by the hydrogen clearance method. Pallidal lesions were found histologically in 14 cats. The period of CO inhalation and the time thereafter were divided into the following four stages in the animals with pallidal lesions. Stage 1: Initial phase with rapid increase in the CF and LBF, and rapid decrease in the BP. Stage 2: Middle phase with slow decrease in the BP, CF, and LBF. Stage 3: Terminal phase with rapid decrease in the BP, CF, and LBF. Stage 4: Recovery phase. The changes in stage 3 were not so prominent in the animals without pallidal lesions. The LBF of the globus pallidus of the animals with lesions decreased to 67.3 +/- 20.7% of the initial value at the terminal stage of CO inhalation, while it was 188 +/- 46.7% in those without lesions. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The LBF of the putamen or claustrum in the animals with lesions in the globus pallidus was 140 +/- 24.6% at this stage, and it was significantly higher than that of the globus pallidus (P less than 0.01). Other factors, such as CO inhalation time, degree of acidosis, and terminal CO-Hb concentration, did not correlate with the occurrence of the pallidal lesion.

Animals↗